Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.1017/9781108938617.032
Sheldon Bernard Lyke
{"title":"Can Affirmative Action Offer a Lesson in Fighting Enclosure?","authors":"Sheldon Bernard Lyke","doi":"10.1017/9781108938617.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108938617.032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":438499,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Commons Research Innovations","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115007311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.1017/9781108938617.026
Daniel G. Ogbaharya
{"title":"Social Trust, Informal Institutions and Community-Based Wildlife Management in Namibia and Tanzania","authors":"Daniel G. Ogbaharya","doi":"10.1017/9781108938617.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108938617.026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":438499,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Commons Research Innovations","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123255942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.1017/9781108938617.002
{"title":"Revisiting the Origins and Evolution of Commons Thought","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108938617.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108938617.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":438499,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Commons Research Innovations","volume":"18 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125616182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.1017/9781108938617.025
Fernando Rios De Souza, Herbert Toledo Martins
{"title":"Social Environmental Dilemmas and Governing the Commons","authors":"Fernando Rios De Souza, Herbert Toledo Martins","doi":"10.1017/9781108938617.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108938617.025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":438499,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Commons Research Innovations","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117226033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.1017/9781108938617.018
{"title":"Reassessing Old and New Institutions for Collective Action","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108938617.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108938617.018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":438499,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Commons Research Innovations","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131585723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.1017/9781108938617.029
R. Abrams
{"title":"Prior Appropriation as a Response to the Tragedy of the Commons","authors":"R. Abrams","doi":"10.1017/9781108938617.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108938617.029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":438499,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Commons Research Innovations","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131846579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.1017/9781108938617.034
Maija Halonen-Akatwijuka, Evagelos Pafilis
We examine the effect of technological change on the incentives to cooperate in the provision of common-pool resources (CPRs). We focus our analysis on CPRs that require investments in improvement and maintenance, such as irrigation systems. We find that major technological improvements, such as replacing a primitive irrigation system with a modern system, risk compromising cooperation as the temptation to freeride on other farmers’ investments is increased. By contrast, minor technological improvements within an existing irrigation system, such as strengthening water diversion devices, do not hinder incentives to cooperate. In our analysis, an irrigation system can be well-managed for a long period of time during technological progress when changes are minor. When technology changes are major, cooperation can be maintained if the community is patient and initially their discount factor is well above the critical level for cooperation. However, when the threshold is reached, any further major technological improvement will lead to a breakdown of cooperation and collapse of investments in the irrigation system.
{"title":"Can Technological Change Weaken the Robustness of Common-Property Regimes?","authors":"Maija Halonen-Akatwijuka, Evagelos Pafilis","doi":"10.1017/9781108938617.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108938617.034","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the effect of technological change on the incentives to cooperate in the provision of common-pool resources (CPRs). We focus our analysis on CPRs that require investments in improvement and maintenance, such as irrigation systems. We find that major technological improvements, such as replacing a primitive irrigation system with a modern system, risk compromising cooperation as the temptation to freeride on other farmers’ investments is increased. By contrast, minor technological improvements within an existing irrigation system, such as strengthening water diversion devices, do not hinder incentives to cooperate. In our analysis, an irrigation system can be well-managed for a long period of time during technological progress when changes are minor. When technology changes are major, cooperation can be maintained if the community is patient and initially their discount factor is well above the critical level for cooperation. However, when the threshold is reached, any further major technological improvement will lead to a breakdown of cooperation and collapse of investments in the irrigation system.","PeriodicalId":438499,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Commons Research Innovations","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116430274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.1017/9781108938617.008
B. Hudson
{"title":"Time and Tragedy","authors":"B. Hudson","doi":"10.1017/9781108938617.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108938617.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":438499,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Commons Research Innovations","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117107278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.1017/9781108938617.005
H. Sandberg
{"title":"Kinship and Commons: The Bedouin Experience","authors":"H. Sandberg","doi":"10.1017/9781108938617.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108938617.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":438499,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Commons Research Innovations","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128310524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.1017/9781108938617.022
E. Nordman
The 2030 District program encourages commercial building owners to make 50% cuts in building energy use, water use, and transportation emissions by 2030. Twenty cities have joined so far. Participating cities agree to the overall goals but each city develops its own method for monitoring progress and encouraging compliance. However, it is unclear how Districts are implementing monitoring and enforcement mechanisms. I analyzed the 2030 Districts using the “club theory” of voluntary programs and the Institutional Analysis and Development framework. Analysis of 2018 progress reports suggests that 2030 Districts have strict standards but low to moderate levels of monitoring and enforcement. Three Districts already achieved the interim energy target of a 20% reduction in building energy use by 2020. Additional research will investigate the mechanisms of monitoring and enforcement, the potential for positive “behavioral contagions,” and other issues. Note: I submitted the book chapter recently but there is (probably) still time to make revisions. Questions/topics for Workshop audience: • Next research steps: survey 2030 District managers (district level) and building owners (participating/non-participating) about monitoring, enforcement, sanctions, influence • Surveying participating business owners: how to deal with clustering within districts? • Role of behavioral economics in IAD framework? Sanctions for non-compliance vs. positive “behavioral contagions”?
{"title":"A Conceptual Model of Polycentric Resource Governance in the 2030 District Energy Program","authors":"E. Nordman","doi":"10.1017/9781108938617.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108938617.022","url":null,"abstract":"The 2030 District program encourages commercial building owners to make 50% cuts in building energy use, water use, and transportation emissions by 2030. Twenty cities have joined so far. Participating cities agree to the overall goals but each city develops its own method for monitoring progress and encouraging compliance. However, it is unclear how Districts are implementing monitoring and enforcement mechanisms. I analyzed the 2030 Districts using the “club theory” of voluntary programs and the Institutional Analysis and Development framework. Analysis of 2018 progress reports suggests that 2030 Districts have strict standards but low to moderate levels of monitoring and enforcement. Three Districts already achieved the interim energy target of a 20% reduction in building energy use by 2020. Additional research will investigate the mechanisms of monitoring and enforcement, the potential for positive “behavioral contagions,” and other issues. Note: I submitted the book chapter recently but there is (probably) still time to make revisions. Questions/topics for Workshop audience: • Next research steps: survey 2030 District managers (district level) and building owners (participating/non-participating) about monitoring, enforcement, sanctions, influence • Surveying participating business owners: how to deal with clustering within districts? • Role of behavioral economics in IAD framework? Sanctions for non-compliance vs. positive “behavioral contagions”?","PeriodicalId":438499,"journal":{"name":"The Cambridge Handbook of Commons Research Innovations","volume":"308 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124388859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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