Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.1007/s43539-023-00104-1
N. C. Shah
This communication reviews the origin of capsicum in Mesoamerica, its early cultivation, and transmission into Europe, India, and Kumaon. Capsicum was introduced into India in two ways: first, by the Portuguese in South India, and second, by Arabian traders in North India. However, in Kumaon, it was first brought by Arabian traders who were indirectly assigned to trade capsicum with other products. Capsicum contains critical nutritional substances, including omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and essential elements. It is also a powerful antioxidant. It has been proved that capsicums are not only hot to the taste but also high in nutritional content and medicinal value. The nutritional chemo-profile, novel cultivars, new varieties and how pungency or hotness measured in Scovilee Heat Unit (SHU) are discussed. Capsicums' status in Kumaon is studied, and their Kumaoni names, etymology, philology, cultural uses, and origin of the new variety are all discussed. The top ten hottest chillies in India and worldwide are listed and discussed in terms of their hotness.
{"title":"Origin, introduction, and cultural history of capsicum in India","authors":"N. C. Shah","doi":"10.1007/s43539-023-00104-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43539-023-00104-1","url":null,"abstract":"This communication reviews the origin of capsicum in Mesoamerica, its early cultivation, and transmission into Europe, India, and Kumaon. Capsicum was introduced into India in two ways: first, by the Portuguese in South India, and second, by Arabian traders in North India. However, in Kumaon, it was first brought by Arabian traders who were indirectly assigned to trade capsicum with other products. Capsicum contains critical nutritional substances, including omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and essential elements. It is also a powerful antioxidant. It has been proved that capsicums are not only hot to the taste but also high in nutritional content and medicinal value. The nutritional chemo-profile, novel cultivars, new varieties and how pungency or hotness measured in Scovilee Heat Unit (SHU) are discussed. Capsicums' status in Kumaon is studied, and their Kumaoni names, etymology, philology, cultural uses, and origin of the new variety are all discussed. The top ten hottest chillies in India and worldwide are listed and discussed in terms of their hotness.","PeriodicalId":43899,"journal":{"name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE","volume":"25 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135818768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.1007/s43539-023-00099-9
Nagakiran Yelluru, Aditya Kolachana
{"title":"Correction: Geometry of prāṇakalāntara in the Lagnaprakaraṇa","authors":"Nagakiran Yelluru, Aditya Kolachana","doi":"10.1007/s43539-023-00099-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43539-023-00099-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43899,"journal":{"name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135591658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.1007/s43539-023-00098-w
Sudhanshu Kumar Jha, Shubham
{"title":"A study of diseases and deaths in colonial Bihar in twentieth century","authors":"Sudhanshu Kumar Jha, Shubham","doi":"10.1007/s43539-023-00098-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43539-023-00098-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43899,"journal":{"name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49423342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1007/s43539-023-00097-x
Nagakiran Yelluru, Aditya Kolachana
The prāṇakalāntara, which is the difference between the longitude of a point on the ecliptic and its corresponding right ascension, is an important parameter in the computation of the lagna (ascendant). Mādhava, in his Lagnaprakaraṇa, proposes six different methods for determining the prāṇakalāntara. Kolachana et al. (Indian J Hist Sci 53(1):1–15, 2018) have discussed these techniques and their underlying rationale in an earlier paper. In this paper, we bring out the geometric significance of these computations, which was not fully elaborated upon in the earlier study. We also show how some of the sophisticated relations can be simply derived using similar triangles.
{"title":"Geometry of prāṇakalāntara in the Lagnaprakaraṇa","authors":"Nagakiran Yelluru, Aditya Kolachana","doi":"10.1007/s43539-023-00097-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43539-023-00097-x","url":null,"abstract":"The prāṇakalāntara, which is the difference between the longitude of a point on the ecliptic and its corresponding right ascension, is an important parameter in the computation of the lagna (ascendant). Mādhava, in his Lagnaprakaraṇa, proposes six different methods for determining the prāṇakalāntara. Kolachana et al. (Indian J Hist Sci 53(1):1–15, 2018) have discussed these techniques and their underlying rationale in an earlier paper. In this paper, we bring out the geometric significance of these computations, which was not fully elaborated upon in the earlier study. We also show how some of the sophisticated relations can be simply derived using similar triangles.","PeriodicalId":43899,"journal":{"name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135348112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1007/s43539-023-00089-x
B. S. Shubha, B. S. Shylaja
Finding the true longitudes of planets had always been a challenge for early astronomers. As keen observers, they noted the small drift of the planets from the calculated positions and rectified them from time to time. Such efforts are traceable in many texts. One such table is the Mahādevī-sāriṇī of the fourteenth century. The paper discusses the methodology of reading the true positions directly from the table using the mean positions and compares it with some later manuals of the seventeenth century. An example of the application of the conjunction of December 21, 2020, reveals that these tables for true longitudes are relevant even today. The efforts to improve accuracies achievable from naked-eye observations can be traced.
{"title":"Mahādevī-sāriṇī: A unique table providing true longitudes of planets","authors":"B. S. Shubha, B. S. Shylaja","doi":"10.1007/s43539-023-00089-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43539-023-00089-x","url":null,"abstract":"Finding the true longitudes of planets had always been a challenge for early astronomers. As keen observers, they noted the small drift of the planets from the calculated positions and rectified them from time to time. Such efforts are traceable in many texts. One such table is the Mahādevī-sāriṇī of the fourteenth century. The paper discusses the methodology of reading the true positions directly from the table using the mean positions and compares it with some later manuals of the seventeenth century. An example of the application of the conjunction of December 21, 2020, reveals that these tables for true longitudes are relevant even today. The efforts to improve accuracies achievable from naked-eye observations can be traced.","PeriodicalId":43899,"journal":{"name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134916306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1007/s43539-023-00090-4
Venketeswara Pai R., M. S. Sriram
It is well known that the concept of derivative was used in finding the rates of motion of planets in Indian astronomy texts beginning with Laghumānasa (c. 932 CE). In his Vāsanābhāṣya of his own work, Siddhāntaśiromaṇi (c.1150 CE), Bhāskarācārya explains the necessity of using the concept of tātkālikagati (instantaneous rates of motion) of planets, which involves using the derivative of the sine function, and discusses the retrograde motion of planets also, using the concept. Later, Kerala texts like Tantrasaṅgraha also discuss this concept. In two Kerala texts, Karaṇottama of Acyuta Piṣāraṭi (late sixteenth century) and Dṛkkaraṇa (1608 CE), the use of the concept of derivative is used in a very different context, namely, computations pertaining to vyatīpāta. In this paper, we describe the algorithms involving the ‘krāntigati’ or the rate of change of the declinations of the Sun and the Moon involving the derivative conept, in these two texts.
{"title":"Use of the concept of derivative in the computation of vyatīpāta in two Kerala texts","authors":"Venketeswara Pai R., M. S. Sriram","doi":"10.1007/s43539-023-00090-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43539-023-00090-4","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that the concept of derivative was used in finding the rates of motion of planets in Indian astronomy texts beginning with Laghumānasa (c. 932 CE). In his Vāsanābhāṣya of his own work, Siddhāntaśiromaṇi (c.1150 CE), Bhāskarācārya explains the necessity of using the concept of tātkālikagati (instantaneous rates of motion) of planets, which involves using the derivative of the sine function, and discusses the retrograde motion of planets also, using the concept. Later, Kerala texts like Tantrasaṅgraha also discuss this concept. In two Kerala texts, Karaṇottama of Acyuta Piṣāraṭi (late sixteenth century) and Dṛkkaraṇa (1608 CE), the use of the concept of derivative is used in a very different context, namely, computations pertaining to vyatīpāta. In this paper, we describe the algorithms involving the ‘krāntigati’ or the rate of change of the declinations of the Sun and the Moon involving the derivative conept, in these two texts.","PeriodicalId":43899,"journal":{"name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1007/s43539-023-00093-1
Baasit Abubakr, Saradindu Bhaduri
{"title":"Advent, appropriation, and aesthetics of electric light in the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, (1900–1920)","authors":"Baasit Abubakr, Saradindu Bhaduri","doi":"10.1007/s43539-023-00093-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43539-023-00093-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43899,"journal":{"name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135299003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.1007/s43539-023-00094-0
B. Shylaja
{"title":"History of Indian astronomy: The Tirvalore tables by Anil Narayanan, Kindle Direct Publishing, 2022, pages, 518, price Rs.1250/-","authors":"B. Shylaja","doi":"10.1007/s43539-023-00094-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43539-023-00094-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43899,"journal":{"name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47058713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.1007/s43539-023-00092-2
S. Basu
{"title":"Mountains of corpses: the deadliest attack of the 1918–19 influenza pandemic in the city of Calcutta","authors":"S. Basu","doi":"10.1007/s43539-023-00092-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43539-023-00092-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43899,"journal":{"name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48003357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.1007/s43539-023-00095-z
S. Saha
{"title":"Sir R.N. Mookerjee by Gautam Kumar Bysak and Pronoy Roy Chowdhury, Poets Foundation, Kolkata, 2022, 140 pp., ISBN 978-81-957547-0-0, Price: Rs. 999.00, US $ 20.00","authors":"S. Saha","doi":"10.1007/s43539-023-00095-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43539-023-00095-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43899,"journal":{"name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41496519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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