Pub Date : 2024-01-06DOI: 10.1007/s40622-023-00369-6
Subhrabaran Das, Ariful Hoque
This study attempts to examine the total factor productivity (TFP) of Indian pharmaceutical industry across different sizes of firms, and to identify the factors responsible for TFP variation. The study uses secondary data accessed from the Prowess IQ database for the period from 1995–1996 to 2019–2020, and employs parametric approach based on the estimation of the Cobb–Douglas production function to measure productivity. The analysis reveals that the overall productivity of Indian pharmaceutical firms has increased during the post-patent years. Comparison of TFP across different sizes of firms reveals that in both the pre-and post-patent periods, large firms exhibit higher productivity than their medium and smaller counterparts. Estimation of TFP growth shows that during the pre-patent period, all firms, irrespective of their sizes, have recorded negative growth rates. However, a positive turnaround is observed in the growth rates of all firms during the post-patent years. Econometric exercise shows that industrial concentration, age of the firm, firm-size, capital intensity, R&D intensity, export intensity, imported raw materials intensity, and profit intensity are the important variables exercising a significant influence on firm productivity, though their direction and strength of influence differ.
本研究试图考察印度制药业不同规模企业的全要素生产率（TFP），并找出造成全要素生产率变化的因素。研究使用了从 Prowess IQ 数据库获取的 1995-1996 年至 2019-2020 年期间的二手数据，并采用了基于柯布-道格拉斯生产函数估计的参数方法来衡量生产率。分析结果表明，印度制药公司的整体生产率在获得专利后的几年里有所提高。对不同规模企业的全要素生产率进行比较后发现，在专利前和专利后时期，大型企业的生产率都高于中型和小型企业。对全要素生产率增长的估算表明，在专利前时期，所有企业，无论规模大小，都出现了负增长。然而，在专利申请后的几年里，所有企业的增长率都出现了正增长。计量经济学研究表明，产业集中度、企业年龄、企业规模、资本密集度、研发密集度、出口密集度、进口原材料密集度和利润密集度是对企业生产率有显著影响的重要变量，尽管它们的影响方向和影响强度各不相同。
{"title":"Firm-level productivity and its determinants in the Indian pharmaceutical industry","authors":"Subhrabaran Das, Ariful Hoque","doi":"10.1007/s40622-023-00369-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40622-023-00369-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study attempts to examine the total factor productivity (TFP) of Indian pharmaceutical industry across different sizes of firms, and to identify the factors responsible for TFP variation. The study uses secondary data accessed from the Prowess IQ database for the period from 1995–1996 to 2019–2020, and employs parametric approach based on the estimation of the Cobb–Douglas production function to measure productivity. The analysis reveals that the overall productivity of Indian pharmaceutical firms has increased during the post-patent years. Comparison of TFP across different sizes of firms reveals that in both the pre-and post-patent periods, large firms exhibit higher productivity than their medium and smaller counterparts. Estimation of TFP growth shows that during the pre-patent period, all firms, irrespective of their sizes, have recorded negative growth rates. However, a positive turnaround is observed in the growth rates of all firms during the post-patent years. Econometric exercise shows that industrial concentration, age of the firm, firm-size, capital intensity, R&D intensity, export intensity, imported raw materials intensity, and profit intensity are the important variables exercising a significant influence on firm productivity, though their direction and strength of influence differ.</p>","PeriodicalId":43923,"journal":{"name":"Decision","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139374806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supplemental Material for Numeracy Does Not Polarize Climate Change Judgments: Numerate People Are More Knowledgeable and Knowledge Is Power","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/dec0000223.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/dec0000223.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43923,"journal":{"name":"Decision","volume":"26 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136283090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinhyo Cho, Edward T. Cokely, Madhuri Ramasubramanian, Jinan N. Allan, Adam Feltz, Rocio Garcia-Retamero
{"title":"Numeracy does not polarize climate change judgments: Numerate people are more knowledgeable and knowledge is power.","authors":"Jinhyo Cho, Edward T. Cokely, Madhuri Ramasubramanian, Jinan N. Allan, Adam Feltz, Rocio Garcia-Retamero","doi":"10.1037/dec0000223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/dec0000223","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43923,"journal":{"name":"Decision","volume":"31 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136283274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Building a transcendental attitude: integrating ancient wisdom for ethical conduct in the modern workplace","authors":"None Meenakshi, Adeeba Hoor, Yogesh Sharma, Rajeev Sijariya","doi":"10.1007/s40622-023-00366-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40622-023-00366-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43923,"journal":{"name":"Decision","volume":"45 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135012347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gustav Kuhn, Alice Pailhès, Joshua Jay, Max Lukian
Magic is an art form that allows us to experience the impossible, but some magic tricks are more implausible than others. We present two experiments that examined whether the objective probability of a trick occurring by chance in fl uences how people experience the trick. In Experiment 1, participants watched different versions of a magic trick in which we manipulated the statistical probability of the trick occurring by chance. We found that the objective probability had no signi fi cant impact on how much people enjoyed the trick or how impressed they were by it. Our participants enjoyed the trick equally when there was a 25% chance of it succeeding by chance as when it was virtually impossible. The same was true for how impressed they were by the performance. However, tricks that were less likely to succeed by chance were rated as more dif fi cult and impossible. More implausible tricks resulted in more participant explanations stating they did not know how the trick was done, as well as explanations implying it was fake. In a follow-up experiment, participants were presented with vignettes describing the same trick, and they were asked to judge the magician ’ s chances of succeeding. The statistical probability of the trick occurring by chance did not affect these judgments adversely, but they did do so when the same feat was performed by a nonmagician.
{"title":"Experiencing the improbable: How does the objective probability of a magic trick occurring influence a spectator’s experience?","authors":"Gustav Kuhn, Alice Pailhès, Joshua Jay, Max Lukian","doi":"10.1037/dec0000220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/dec0000220","url":null,"abstract":"Magic is an art form that allows us to experience the impossible, but some magic tricks are more implausible than others. We present two experiments that examined whether the objective probability of a trick occurring by chance in fl uences how people experience the trick. In Experiment 1, participants watched different versions of a magic trick in which we manipulated the statistical probability of the trick occurring by chance. We found that the objective probability had no signi fi cant impact on how much people enjoyed the trick or how impressed they were by it. Our participants enjoyed the trick equally when there was a 25% chance of it succeeding by chance as when it was virtually impossible. The same was true for how impressed they were by the performance. However, tricks that were less likely to succeed by chance were rated as more dif fi cult and impossible. More implausible tricks resulted in more participant explanations stating they did not know how the trick was done, as well as explanations implying it was fake. In a follow-up experiment, participants were presented with vignettes describing the same trick, and they were asked to judge the magician ’ s chances of succeeding. The statistical probability of the trick occurring by chance did not affect these judgments adversely, but they did do so when the same feat was performed by a nonmagician.","PeriodicalId":43923,"journal":{"name":"Decision","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136113572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1007/s40622-023-00358-9
Ashish Pandey
{"title":"Research in Indian management: prospects and challenges","authors":"Ashish Pandey","doi":"10.1007/s40622-023-00358-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40622-023-00358-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43923,"journal":{"name":"Decision","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135833998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1007/s40622-023-00364-x
Kean-Siang Ch’ng, Suresh Narayanan
{"title":"Evaluating the trustworthiness of employees: are choices made as actors perceived as a more reliable signal of trustworthiness?","authors":"Kean-Siang Ch’ng, Suresh Narayanan","doi":"10.1007/s40622-023-00364-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40622-023-00364-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43923,"journal":{"name":"Decision","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135834474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1007/s40622-023-00356-x
Abhoy K. Ojha
{"title":"Undoing the enduring colonial influence of Weber’s racist perspective on India","authors":"Abhoy K. Ojha","doi":"10.1007/s40622-023-00356-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40622-023-00356-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43923,"journal":{"name":"Decision","volume":"234 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135894748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Probabilities and the risky-choice framing effect: Evidence for an inverted-U pattern.","authors":"Michael L. DeKay, Prachiti P. Garge","doi":"10.1037/dec0000214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/dec0000214","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43923,"journal":{"name":"Decision","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136139310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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