{"title":"The population history of Luanda during the late Atlantic slave trade, 1781-1844.","authors":"J. C. Curto, R. Gervais","doi":"10.2307/3601706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3601706","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43935,"journal":{"name":"AFRICAN ECONOMIC HISTORY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3601706","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69229351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The invisible farmer? Women, gender, and colonial agricultural policy in the Igbo region of Nigeria, c. 1913-1954.","authors":"C. J. Korieh","doi":"10.2307/3601709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3601709","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43935,"journal":{"name":"AFRICAN ECONOMIC HISTORY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3601709","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69229602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Long-Distance Trade and Economic Development in Europe and Black Africa (Mid-Fifteenth Century to Nineteenth Century): Some Pointers for Further Comparative Studies","authors":"O. Pétré-Grenouilleau","doi":"10.2307/3601710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3601710","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43935,"journal":{"name":"AFRICAN ECONOMIC HISTORY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3601710","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69229721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tropical forests and West African enterprise: the early history of the Ghana timber trade.","authors":"R E Dumett","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43935,"journal":{"name":"AFRICAN ECONOMIC HISTORY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41068890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The population history of Luanda during the late Atlantic slave trade, 1781-1844.","authors":"J C Curto, R R Gervais","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43935,"journal":{"name":"AFRICAN ECONOMIC HISTORY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27554133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The European commercial history of colonial West Africa has been obscured by the paucity of primary sources. The ubiquitous Unilever Corporation swallowed up most of the companies involved in the West African trade, along with their records.' Colonial reports, replete with trade statistics, rarely refer to individual traders or companies. Commercial histories seldom delve beyond what can be gleaned from annual reports.2 Most of what has been written on the commerce on the Gold Coast focuses on the role
{"title":"Arthur London, Chief Agent of Swanzy and Co.: A Biography of Imperial Commerce on the Gold Coast","authors":"D. Dorward","doi":"10.2307/3601707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3601707","url":null,"abstract":"The European commercial history of colonial West Africa has been obscured by the paucity of primary sources. The ubiquitous Unilever Corporation swallowed up most of the companies involved in the West African trade, along with their records.' Colonial reports, replete with trade statistics, rarely refer to individual traders or companies. Commercial histories seldom delve beyond what can be gleaned from annual reports.2 Most of what has been written on the commerce on the Gold Coast focuses on the role","PeriodicalId":43935,"journal":{"name":"AFRICAN ECONOMIC HISTORY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3601707","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69229448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The invisible farmer? Women, gender, and colonial agricultural policy in the Igbo region of Nigeria, c. 1913-1954.","authors":"C J Korieh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43935,"journal":{"name":"AFRICAN ECONOMIC HISTORY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27129413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Once the European colonial conquest of Africa was over, colonial governments embarked on economic intervention and development. G. St. J. Orde Browne, who investigated the subject of African labor for the International African Institute in 1933, concluded that communication networks, the "commonest in the form of road maintenance,"' were important to colonial economies. He contended that Africans were unaccustomed to wage-earning, and that colonial governments lacked money to pay laborers. As a result, "coercion was resorted to freely by almost all the various [colonial] administrations" to recruit labor.2 Consequently, forced or compulsory labor3 was fundamental in the implementation of colonial economic ventures, such as mining, building of roads and railways, plantation agriculture, and head-porterage.4 Despite Orde-Browne's conclusion that
欧洲对非洲的殖民征服一结束，殖民地政府就开始进行经济干预和发展。1933年，G. St. J. Orde Browne为国际非洲研究所(International African Institute)调查了非洲劳工的问题，他得出的结论是，通讯网络——“最常见的道路维护形式”——对殖民地经济非常重要。他认为，非洲人不习惯挣工资，殖民地政府没有钱支付劳工。结果，“几乎所有不同的(殖民)政府都自由地使用胁迫手段”来招募劳工因此，强迫或强制劳动是实施殖民经济冒险的基础，如采矿、修建公路和铁路、种植农业和头搬运工尽管奥德-布朗的结论是
{"title":"Colonial Forced Labor Policies for Road-Building in Southern Ghana and International Anti-Forced Labor Pressures, 1900-1940","authors":"K. Akurang-Parry","doi":"10.2307/3601647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3601647","url":null,"abstract":"Once the European colonial conquest of Africa was over, colonial governments embarked on economic intervention and development. G. St. J. Orde Browne, who investigated the subject of African labor for the International African Institute in 1933, concluded that communication networks, the \"commonest in the form of road maintenance,\"' were important to colonial economies. He contended that Africans were unaccustomed to wage-earning, and that colonial governments lacked money to pay laborers. As a result, \"coercion was resorted to freely by almost all the various [colonial] administrations\" to recruit labor.2 Consequently, forced or compulsory labor3 was fundamental in the implementation of colonial economic ventures, such as mining, building of roads and railways, plantation agriculture, and head-porterage.4 Despite Orde-Browne's conclusion that","PeriodicalId":43935,"journal":{"name":"AFRICAN ECONOMIC HISTORY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3601647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69227628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Marriage and bridewealth in a matrilineal society: the case of the Tonga of Southern Zambia: 1900-1996.","authors":"F M Mizinga","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43935,"journal":{"name":"AFRICAN ECONOMIC HISTORY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27362710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
he 194os and 195os witnessed the greatest expansion of the cocoa economy of southwestern Nigeria as migrants from several Yoruba-speaking areas came to Ife and Ondo in large numbers to establish new farms.' The labor involved in establishing new farms in the rapidly growing cocoa belt was enormous. Migrant farmers and their families had to use hired help in cutting down trees, clearing the thick undergrowth, and preparing the soil for cocoa cultivation. In the early years of cocoa growing, the majority of the cocoa farmers employed laborers either on annual contracts or on short-term contracts of up to three months.' In the 1970s, however, conditions began to change as a result of the exodus of substantial numbers of laborers from the cocoa
{"title":"The Changing Patterns of Labor Relations in the Cocoa Farming Belt of Southwestern Nigeria, 1950s to 1990s","authors":"E. A. Walker","doi":"10.2307/3601651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3601651","url":null,"abstract":"he 194os and 195os witnessed the greatest expansion of the cocoa economy of southwestern Nigeria as migrants from several Yoruba-speaking areas came to Ife and Ondo in large numbers to establish new farms.' The labor involved in establishing new farms in the rapidly growing cocoa belt was enormous. Migrant farmers and their families had to use hired help in cutting down trees, clearing the thick undergrowth, and preparing the soil for cocoa cultivation. In the early years of cocoa growing, the majority of the cocoa farmers employed laborers either on annual contracts or on short-term contracts of up to three months.' In the 1970s, however, conditions began to change as a result of the exodus of substantial numbers of laborers from the cocoa","PeriodicalId":43935,"journal":{"name":"AFRICAN ECONOMIC HISTORY","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/3601651","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69228018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：