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Reframing the ‘Arab Winter’: the importance of sleep and a quiet atmosphere after ‘defeated’ revolutions 重塑“阿拉伯之冬”:革命“失败”后睡眠和安静氛围的重要性
IF 0.4 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/14735784.2020.1857286
Darci Sprengel
ABSTRACT This article offers an alternative approach to the study of atmosphere by examining the relative absence of Egyptian independent music following the military’s return to power in 2014. It argues that periods of quiet, what the Western media has labelled the ‘Arab Winter’, are not reducible to defeat, inactivity, or repression. Instead, they comprise the exploration of third spaces, alternative imaginations, to pre-existing frameworks. Treating the creative work of two Egyptian artists as political theory, it defines a quiet atmosphere as a period composed of nearly-inaudible activity, the relative absence of particular sounds and the illegibility of certain ways of acting, thinking, and speaking in relation to dominant frameworks. The ‘quietness’ of the independent music scene, then, is an indication not that the music has stopped but that it is enacting meaning in ways it had not previously during the revolutionary period (roughly 2011–2014). Treating sonic absence as meaningful and productive, this article broadly suggests an ethnomusicology of the inaudible, which decentres sound in order to be better attuned to the affects of (sonic) absence.
本文通过研究2014年军方重新掌权后埃及独立音乐的相对缺失,提供了一种研究氛围的替代方法。文章认为,被西方媒体称为“阿拉伯之冬”的平静时期,并不能归结为失败、不作为或镇压。相反,它们包含了对第三空间的探索,对现有框架的替代想象。将两位埃及艺术家的创造性作品视为政治理论,它将安静的氛围定义为一个由几乎听不见的活动组成的时期,特定声音的相对缺失以及与主导框架相关的某些行为,思考和说话方式的难以辨认。因此,独立音乐界的“安静”并不表明音乐已经停止,而是表明它正在以革命时期(大约2011-2014年)从未有过的方式赋予意义。将声音缺失视为有意义和富有成效的,这篇文章广泛地提出了一种民族音乐学的听不见,它将声音去中心化,以便更好地适应(声音)缺失的影响。
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引用次数: 2
On theory, citational practices and personal accountability in the study of music and affect 论音乐与情感研究中的理论、引用实践和个人责任
IF 0.4 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/14735784.2020.1893486
D. Gill
ABSTRACT This essay attends to select affective politics of theoretical practices in the study of music and affect. Concentrating on EuroAmerican theoretical frames, I address how assumptions generating key theories in affect studies complicate ethnographic analyses of musics emanating from various historical, social and cultural locations. I attend to challenges that object-oriented approaches provide ethnomusicologists in particular, arguing that a focus on practice affords opportunities to avoid the reifications of ‘music’ and ‘affect’ as potentially agentive. In considering strategies of presentation and publication, I call citational practices into question, elucidating inequities in distinct processes of legitimation. This essay stands as an invitation for increased transparency and personal accountability in theorising, with special attention to affective entanglements and attachments.
摘要本文试图在音乐与情感研究中选择情感政治的理论实践。集中在欧美的理论框架,我解决如何假设产生关键理论的影响研究复杂的民族志分析的音乐源自不同的历史,社会和文化地点。我关注面向对象方法给民族音乐学家带来的挑战,认为关注实践提供了机会,可以避免将“音乐”和“影响”具体化为潜在的代理。在考虑呈现和出版策略时,我对引用实践提出了质疑,阐明了不同合法化过程中的不公平。这篇文章是对理论化中增加透明度和个人责任的邀请,特别关注情感纠葛和依恋。
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引用次数: 0
‘You have to feel to sing!’: popular music classes and the transmission of ‘feel’ in contemporary India “你必须有感觉才能唱歌!”:流行音乐课程和“感觉”在当代印度的传播
IF 0.4 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/14735784.2020.1861954
Anaar DESAI-STEPHENS
ABSTRACT This article investigates the practice of teaching and learning to ‘feel’ through film songs within the shifting political economy of contemporary India. Drawing on ethnographic research in a Mumbai popular music institute, I examine how music teachers use Hindi film songs alongside discourses of ‘feel’ to effect simultaneous shifts in students’ performances and embodied subjectivity. Situating the musical transmission of ‘feel’ within a consumption-oriented affective public culture, I argue that ‘feel’ is a newly desirable commodity that is sought out through product consumption and through artistic training. Bridging recent ethnomusicological work on affective pedagogy and scholarship on the role of affect in late capitalism, this article demonstrates that the cultivation of ‘feel’ through popular song in this music pedagogical context functions as a mode of affective labour that is critically linked to the formation of new expressive subjectivities and consumerist publics in contemporary India.
本文探讨了在当代印度不断变化的政治经济中,通过电影歌曲来教授和学习“感受”的实践。在孟买流行音乐学院的民族志研究中,我研究了音乐教师如何使用印地语电影歌曲以及“感觉”话语来影响学生表演和体现主体性的同时转变。将“感觉”的音乐传播置于以消费为导向的情感公共文化中,我认为“感觉”是一种新的理想商品,通过产品消费和艺术培训来寻求。结合最近关于情感教育学的民族音乐学研究和关于晚期资本主义中情感角色的学术研究,本文表明,在这种音乐教学背景下,通过流行歌曲培养“感觉”作为情感劳动的一种模式,与当代印度新的表达主体性和消费主义公众的形成有着关键的联系。
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引用次数: 1
Compromising beauties: affective movement and gendered (im)mobilities in women's competitive tufo dancing in Northern Mozambique 妥协的美:情感运动和性别(im)移动在莫桑比克北部妇女竞争的舞蹈
IF 0.4 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.1080/14735784.2020.1858127
Ellen E. Hebden
ABSTRACT In Mozambique's northern coastal provinces, growing numbers of women are joining competitive dance groups that perform tufo, a popular song-and-dance genre. Originally performed by men for important Islamic celebrations, today tufo is danced by women, who perform feminine beauty ideals on stage at events, cultivating joy and animating forms of attachment through a shared, affective experience. In the post-socialist context, however, meanings and practices of women’s beauty are changing, which has moral implications for tufo dancers and complicates the socio-spatial mobility they enjoy as dance group participants. While onstage, dancers are icons of ‘traditional’ beauty and figures of morality, when moving offstage, they are increasingly perceived as a social problem that threatens to upend patriarchal gender hierarchies. Drawing on fourteen months of ethnographic research as a member of a tufo group in the coastal town of Pebane, I situate dancer’s social power in relation to failing norms of masculinity to analyse how negative emotions such as jealousy can impede women’s movements. Affect, I argue, does not just create connections or bind communities but can also complicate relationships and disrupt movement as evidenced in the context of tufo, when the desirable dancer becomes the undesirable wife.
在莫桑比克北部沿海省份,越来越多的女性加入了表演tufo的竞争性舞蹈团体,tufo是一种流行的歌舞类型。tufo最初由男性在重要的伊斯兰庆祝活动中表演,如今由女性舞蹈,她们在活动的舞台上表演女性美的理想,通过共享的情感体验来培养快乐和激发依恋的形式。然而,在后社会主义语境中,女性美的意义和实践正在发生变化,这对tufo舞者具有道德意义,并使她们作为舞蹈群体参与者所享受的社会空间流动性变得复杂。在舞台上,舞者是“传统”美和道德的象征,而在舞台下,他们越来越被视为威胁颠覆男权性别等级制度的社会问题。作为沿海城市Pebane的tufo小组的一员,我进行了14个月的民族志研究,将舞者的社会权力与男性气质的失效规范联系起来,分析嫉妒等负面情绪如何阻碍女性的运动。我认为,情感不仅能建立联系或维系社区,还能使关系复杂化,扰乱运动,正如tufo的背景所证明的那样,当理想的舞者变成不受欢迎的妻子时。
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引用次数: 4
Normativity versus normalisation: reassembling actor-network theory through Butler and Foucault 规范与正常化:通过巴特勒和福柯重新组装行动者网络理论
IF 0.4 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-06-22 DOI: 10.1080/14735784.2020.1780623
J. Maze
ABSTRACT Judith Butler is often heralded as carrying on the legacy of Foucault, yet Butlerian normalisation is engrained in a sincere (mis)interpretation of Foucault. Foucault’s work on punitive measures defined a historically-limited domain by which one could map out a clustered network of power relations, or what he called a dispositif. By revisiting their differences and rethinking their relationship accordingly, one can piece together a methodological model that is immensely utilisable for actor-network theory (ANT). While Butler’s performativity allots agency to nonhuman entities – viewing it more as a dispersed field of agency – Foucault’s genealogy contextually places various power relations, particularly pertaining to material and immaterial nonhuman entities. More than just laying out a method for ANT though, highlighting their differences can help us rethink how we visualise the subject, the body, materialism and agency in very innovative ways while also gaining a deeper insight into what separates Foucault and Butler. Alongside this, we can see how their combined contribution helps ANT with (a) its lack of attention given to immaterial entities, (b) its reluctance to deal with identarian politics and (c) the divide between its more performative and its more practical branches.
朱迪思·巴特勒经常被誉为继承了福柯的遗产,然而巴特勒的正常化根植于对福柯的真诚(错误)解释中。福柯关于惩罚措施的研究定义了一个历史上有限的领域,通过这个领域,人们可以绘制出一个权力关系的集群网络,或者他所谓的处置者。通过重新审视它们之间的差异并相应地重新思考它们之间的关系,人们可以拼凑出一个对行动者网络理论(ANT)非常有用的方法论模型。巴特勒的表演性将代理分配给非人类实体——将其视为一个分散的代理领域——而福柯的谱系在语境中放置了各种权力关系,特别是与物质和非物质的非人类实体有关。然而,这不仅仅是为ANT提供了一种方法,强调他们的差异可以帮助我们重新思考我们如何以非常创新的方式可视化主体,身体,唯物主义和代理,同时也可以更深入地了解福柯和巴特勒的区别。除此之外,我们可以看到他们的共同贡献如何帮助ANT (a)缺乏对非物质实体的关注,(b)不愿处理同一性政治,以及(c)其更具表现性和更实用的分支机构之间的鸿沟。
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引用次数: 2
Of times before tomorrow: contingency and the life of machines 关于明天之前的时间:偶然性和机器的寿命
IF 0.4 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14735784.2020.1821969
Richard Iveson
ABSTRACT In Before Tomorrow: Epigenesis and Rationality (2014), Catherine Malabou argues that the current schism between innate a priori and a posteriori manufacture is symptomatic of our failure thus far to think the figure of epigenesis. Based primarily on a close reading of Kant's Critique of Pure Reason, Malabou maintains that epigenesis configures a possible line of flight beyond both the rigid prior accord of preformation and the magical inorganicism of generatio aequivoca, thereby transforming the principle of reason itself in making available for the first time the generative force proper to thought. In this paper, I aim to further clarify the process of temporal articulation by focusing on the alleged inseparability that Malabou seeks to establish between epigenetic temporality, the biological process to which it refers, and the future of the living being. To this end, I will be guided by three questions: first, why is it that only life possesses the capacity to manufacture within itself the future revelation of prior meaning? Second, on what basis can epigenesis be distinguished from automatism? And third, what exactly is the ‘newly figural’ element of life that for Malabou transforms both the principle of reason and the entire system of critique?
在《在明天之前:后生与理性》(2014)一书中,Catherine Malabou认为,先天制造与后天制造之间的分裂是我们迄今未能思考后生的症状。主要基于对康德的《纯粹理性批判》的仔细阅读,马拉布坚持认为,后生形成配置了一条可能的逃逸路线,既超越了预先形成的严格的先验协议,也超越了产生的不可思议的无机性,从而改变了理性本身的原则,第一次使适合于思想的生成力成为可能。在本文中,我的目标是通过关注Malabou试图建立的表观遗传时间性,它所指的生物过程和生物的未来之间所谓的不可分割性,进一步澄清时间衔接的过程。为此,我将以三个问题为指导:第一,为什么只有生命才有能力在自身内部制造对先验意义的未来启示?第二,在什么基础上可以区分表观发生和自动发生?第三,对于马拉布来说,改变理性原则和整个批判体系的生活的“新形象”元素究竟是什么?
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引用次数: 0
Ontological violence: Catherine Malabou on plasticity, performativity, and writing the feminine 本体论暴力:凯瑟琳·马拉布谈可塑性、表演性和女性写作
IF 0.4 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14735784.2020.1761414
Tawny Andersen
ABSTRACT Catherine Malabou's opinion of non-essentialist models of gender identity and art is unambiguous: in her words, they are ‘catastrophic’ to women and to artists (Malabou [2014]. ‘Sujet: Femme'. de(s)générations des féminismes 21, 29-38: 135). What, then, are the implications of Malabou's hallmark concept of ‘plasticity’ on theories of performativity? Has plasticity come to supplant performativity, just as Malabou believes that it has come to supplant Derridean writing? Or if, as Malabou suggests, philosophical concepts are inherently plastic, may we maintain that performativity was always already plastic? In the following article, I read Malabou's work on writing alongside her work on the feminine in order to question how plasticity and performativity might be examined together to theorise the ways in which the discursive and the material interact in the production of subjectivities. By highlighting the performativity at play within Malabou's own writing about the end of writing, I propose that her work challenges her claim that literature cannot deconstruct philosophy. In response to Malabou's anti-essentialist plastic theory of the essence of woman, I underline the parallels between performativity and plasticity and suggest that the two concepts overlap in their mutual configuration of identity and form as mutable and transformable.
凯瑟琳·马拉布(Catherine Malabou)对性别认同和艺术的非本质主义模式的看法是明确的:用她的话来说,它们对女性和艺术家来说是“灾难性的”(Malabou[2014])。“我:女人”。De (s) cma (s) cma (s) cma (s) cma (s) cma (s) cma (x), 21, 29-38: 135)。那么,马拉布标志性的“可塑性”概念对表演理论的含义是什么呢?可塑性是否已经取代了表演性,就像马拉布相信它已经取代了德里德里式的写作一样?或者,如果像马拉布所说的那样,哲学概念本质上是可塑的,我们是否可以坚持认为,表演性本来就是可塑的?在接下来的文章中,我阅读了马拉布关于写作的作品,以及她关于女性的作品,以质疑如何将可塑性和表演性一起研究,从而理论化话语和物质在主体性生产中的相互作用方式。通过强调马拉布自己关于写作终结的作品中发挥作用的表演,我认为她的作品挑战了她关于文学不能解构哲学的主张。作为对马拉布关于女性本质的反本质主义的可塑性理论的回应,我强调了表现性和可塑性之间的相似之处,并提出这两个概念在其身份和形式的相互配置中重叠为可变和可转换的。
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引用次数: 1
Disturbance and destruction: the aetiology of trauma 干扰与破坏:创伤的病因学
IF 0.4 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14735784.2020.1762101
Rasmus Sandnes Haukedal
ABSTRACT In this article, I examine Catherine Malabou’s concept of trauma, and argue that her replacement of the Freudian unconscious with the cerebral unconscious might fit adequately into a different framework from the one she proposes. Comparing her view of pathology to that of Georges Canguilhem, I propose a dimensional reading of pathology. Building on this – and by reference to metaplasticity – I ask whether one can explain the mechanisation characteristic of the new wounded mechanistically. I then look at her exchange with Slavoj Žižek to get at Malabou’s understanding of psychoanalysis. She seeks to realign Freud and neuroscience to resolve issues with both. As part of this shift, she introduces the term ‘the Material’ – linked to the cerebral unconscious – as an alternative to the Lacanian triad of Real, Symbolic, and Imaginary. She does, however, leave it underdeveloped, and I argue that this points to tensions in her theory. While her concept of plasticity runs against ideas of an isolated transcendental subject exempt from the outside, Malabou seems to literalise (or ‘corporealise’) trauma. If this is correct, then how radical is her concept of trauma, and are there ways of describing trauma that are equally compatible with her concept of plasticity?
在这篇文章中,我研究了凯瑟琳·马拉布的创伤概念,并认为她用大脑无意识取代弗洛伊德的无意识可能完全适合一个不同于她提出的框架。将她对病理学的看法与乔治·康圭朗的观点进行比较,我提出了一种对病理学的维度解读。在此基础上,并参考元可塑性,我问是否可以从机械上解释新伤员的机械化特征。然后,我看了看她与斯拉沃伊Žižek的交流,以了解马拉布对精神分析的理解。她试图将弗洛伊德和神经科学重新结合起来,以解决两者之间的问题。作为这一转变的一部分,她引入了术语“物质”——与大脑无意识相联系——作为拉康学派的真实、象征和想象三要素的替代。然而,她确实没有把它发展起来,我认为这表明了她理论中的紧张。虽然马拉布的可塑性概念与孤立的、超然的、不受外界影响的主体的观念背道而驰,但她似乎将创伤文学化(或“物化”)。如果这是正确的,那么她对创伤的概念有多激进,是否存在与她的可塑性概念同样兼容的描述创伤的方法?
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引用次数: 0
What should we do with our gut? 我们应该如何处理我们的肠道?
IF 0.4 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14735784.2020.1749686
Denise Thwaites
ABSTRACT This article explores how breakthrough neuroscientific research regarding the Microbiome-Gut-Brain-Axis (MGBA) resonates with Catherine Malabou’s discussions of a delocalised, decentralised, plastic brain. Inspired by Malabou’s materialist methodology, as well as her confrontation of neuroscientific and psychoanalytic paradigms, the article unpacks the imbrication of symbolic and neuro-microbiological treatments of the gut and its excreta. Interlacing the thought of Julia Kristeva, Melanie Klein and Malabou alongside current MGBA research and critical studies of science and technology, I reveal how symbolic and microbial transmissions in early childhood development reflect a multimodal and multitemporal formation that challenges the established imaginary associated with functional gut and subject development. Secondly, I consider how MGBA research bears upon questions of difference, examining its further materialisation of Malabou’s otherness in a world without exteriority. Through this discussion I question the significance of this biological paradigm shift, as it disturbs notions of agency and the subject/environment distinction, opening to pressing ethical questions at this moment in human history. Through these varied interrogations and provocations, I provide a preliminary window into the potential of MGBA research to enable new departures for thinking the fragmentary movement of form and time underpinning Malabou’s motor schema of plasticity.
本文探讨了关于微生物组-肠道-脑轴(MGBA)的突破性神经科学研究如何与Catherine Malabou关于非局部、分散、可塑大脑的讨论产生共鸣。受马拉布唯物主义方法论的启发,以及她对神经科学和精神分析范式的对抗,这篇文章揭示了肠道及其排泄物的象征性和神经微生物治疗的错综复杂。将Julia Kristeva, Melanie Klein和Malabou的思想与当前的MGBA研究和科学技术的批判性研究相结合,我揭示了儿童早期发展中的象征性和微生物传播如何反映了多模态和多时间的形成,挑战了与功能肠道和主体发展相关的既定想象。其次,我考虑了MGBA的研究如何与差异问题有关,考察了它在一个没有外部性的世界中对马拉布的他者性的进一步具体化。通过这一讨论,我质疑这种生物范式转变的意义,因为它扰乱了代理和主体/环境区分的概念,在人类历史的这一时刻开启了紧迫的伦理问题。通过这些不同的询问和挑衅,我为MGBA研究的潜力提供了一个初步的窗口,为思考支撑马拉布可塑性运动图式的形式和时间的碎片运动提供了新的出发点。
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引用次数: 3
Brain power: cruel optimism and neuro-liberalism in the work of Catherine Malabou 脑力:凯瑟琳·马拉布作品中的残酷乐观主义和神经自由主义
IF 0.4 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2020-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/14735784.2020.1749685
Francis Russell
ABSTRACT One of the under-theorised aspects of Catherine Malabou’s What Should We Do With Our Brain? is the overtly political project that underpins her discussion of a renewed conception of subjectivity. Malabou's political project is framed in radical and emancipatory terms, and yet the possibilities and limitations that stem from of a neurobiological account of politics have been left under-explored. Can we really locate in the brain a progressive politics, especially in the context of debates around mental illness, when so many groups and individuals are resistant to understanding themselves as their brains? Or is this affirmation of scientific materialism at risk of obscuring the realities and complexities of the materiality of cultural practice? In order to pursue the political consequences of her work, this paper looks to stage an encounter between Malabou's account of neuroplasticity and Lauren Berlant's notion of cruel optimism. This is done in order to ask: do Malabou’s own critiques of neoliberal flexibility run the risk of embracing a neuro-liberalism, in which an optimism regarding plasticity, individual liberty, and compromise between the humanities and life-sciences obscures the political limitations of neuroscience as a site for political-philosophy?
Catherine Malabou的《我们应该用我们的大脑做什么?》是一个明显的政治项目,支撑着她对主体性概念更新的讨论。马拉布的政治计划是以激进和解放的方式构建的,然而,从神经生物学角度解释政治的可能性和局限性却没有得到充分的探索。我们真的能在大脑中找到一种进步的政治吗,尤其是在关于精神疾病的辩论中,当如此多的团体和个人拒绝把自己理解为他们的大脑的时候?或者,这种对科学唯物主义的肯定是否有可能掩盖文化实践的物质性的现实和复杂性?为了追求她的工作的政治后果,本文试图在马拉布对神经可塑性的描述和劳伦·伯兰特的残酷乐观主义概念之间进行一次相遇。这样做是为了问:马拉布自己对新自由主义灵活性的批评是否冒着拥抱神经自由主义的风险,在这种自由主义中,关于可塑性、个人自由和人文科学与生命科学之间妥协的乐观主义掩盖了神经科学作为政治哲学场所的政治局限性?
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引用次数: 1
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