Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14774003.2014.11667805
G. Boustras, Aristodemos Economides
Abstract This paper is a part of a wider study — funded by EU-OSHA — that has the central aim of describing how the characteristics of the regulatory framework and employment relations tradition affect establishments’ management of health and safety at work. In this quest, a number of countries have been chosen, among them Cyprus, and this paper attempts to present an answer to the aforementioned question in Cyprus. The Cypriot economy is made up of a large number of micro firms (employing fewer than 10 workers). A number of these firms are family owned, creating an unusual and particular economic and work landscape. Also, a relatively large number of workers remain undeclared. By considering and comparing secondary data at the local, national and EU level, the paper attempts to identify and explore the determinants of workplace occupational safety and health within the particular context and conditions in Cyprus.
{"title":"Analysis of the Determinants of Workplace Occupational Safety and HealtH Practice in Cyprus","authors":"G. Boustras, Aristodemos Economides","doi":"10.1080/14774003.2014.11667805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14774003.2014.11667805","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper is a part of a wider study — funded by EU-OSHA — that has the central aim of describing how the characteristics of the regulatory framework and employment relations tradition affect establishments’ management of health and safety at work. In this quest, a number of countries have been chosen, among them Cyprus, and this paper attempts to present an answer to the aforementioned question in Cyprus. The Cypriot economy is made up of a large number of micro firms (employing fewer than 10 workers). A number of these firms are family owned, creating an unusual and particular economic and work landscape. Also, a relatively large number of workers remain undeclared. By considering and comparing secondary data at the local, national and EU level, the paper attempts to identify and explore the determinants of workplace occupational safety and health within the particular context and conditions in Cyprus.","PeriodicalId":43946,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Practice in Health and Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14774003.2014.11667805","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59825235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14774003.2014.11667801
E. Wadsworth, D. Walters
Abstract In each EU member state, national and European legislation sets out how occupational safety and health should be managed in the workplace. How legislation is implemented in practice, however, is affected by the environments and contexts in which enterprises operate. Influential characteristics at international, national and sectoral levels, including regulatory frameworks, industrial relations’ and social protection traditions and systems, occupational safety and health support infrastructures, and the economic and labour market climates, have been identified by a number of research sources. This paper considers the effects of these influences on the way in which occupational safety and health is managed in the UK. It identifies key contextual determinants as being, on the one hand, long-standing traditions (of industrialisation, health and safety management and regulation, and worker representation), and on the other hand as current trends (of deregulation and changes in employment, work organisation and worker representation). The paper concludes that the tensions between these two ‘opposing forces’ give rise to serious concerns about the sustainability of the UK’s relatively good previous track record on occupational safety and health and its management, particularly for those in the growing numbers of non-traditional workplaces and employment situations.
{"title":"The Determinants of Workplace Health and Safety Practice in the UK","authors":"E. Wadsworth, D. Walters","doi":"10.1080/14774003.2014.11667801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14774003.2014.11667801","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In each EU member state, national and European legislation sets out how occupational safety and health should be managed in the workplace. How legislation is implemented in practice, however, is affected by the environments and contexts in which enterprises operate. Influential characteristics at international, national and sectoral levels, including regulatory frameworks, industrial relations’ and social protection traditions and systems, occupational safety and health support infrastructures, and the economic and labour market climates, have been identified by a number of research sources. This paper considers the effects of these influences on the way in which occupational safety and health is managed in the UK. It identifies key contextual determinants as being, on the one hand, long-standing traditions (of industrialisation, health and safety management and regulation, and worker representation), and on the other hand as current trends (of deregulation and changes in employment, work organisation and worker representation). The paper concludes that the tensions between these two ‘opposing forces’ give rise to serious concerns about the sustainability of the UK’s relatively good previous track record on occupational safety and health and its management, particularly for those in the growing numbers of non-traditional workplaces and employment situations.","PeriodicalId":43946,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Practice in Health and Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14774003.2014.11667801","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59825581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14774003.2014.11667802
K. Frick
Abstract This paper presents unique data on how occupational safety and health management, which is internationally mandatory, is implemented in practice in Sweden. The results are based on a research review of some 270 (mainly case) studies of how Swedish employers manage risks at work and thereby how they implement the provisions of systematic work environment management. The requirements of systematic work environment management are structured on three levels: procedures (what should be done), empowering actors (how to do it) and management control (doing the right thing). Implementation in practice is found to be best at the first level. Failure to ensure that there are capable actors (the second level) is widespread, and effective management control (the third level), such that systematic work environment management is effective against all risks at work, is rare. In practice, more systematic procedures have improved the prevention of technical risks, while poor management control has made it hard to tackle the widespread organisational risks of stress and musculoskeletal disorders. Finally, the paper discusses how the background of Sweden’s labour market and work environment system may at least partly explain this half-empty/half-full implementation of systematic work environment management reform.
{"title":"The 50/50 Implementation of Sweden’S Mandatory Systematic Work Environment Management","authors":"K. Frick","doi":"10.1080/14774003.2014.11667802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14774003.2014.11667802","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents unique data on how occupational safety and health management, which is internationally mandatory, is implemented in practice in Sweden. The results are based on a research review of some 270 (mainly case) studies of how Swedish employers manage risks at work and thereby how they implement the provisions of systematic work environment management. The requirements of systematic work environment management are structured on three levels: procedures (what should be done), empowering actors (how to do it) and management control (doing the right thing). Implementation in practice is found to be best at the first level. Failure to ensure that there are capable actors (the second level) is widespread, and effective management control (the third level), such that systematic work environment management is effective against all risks at work, is rare. In practice, more systematic procedures have improved the prevention of technical risks, while poor management control has made it hard to tackle the widespread organisational risks of stress and musculoskeletal disorders. Finally, the paper discusses how the background of Sweden’s labour market and work environment system may at least partly explain this half-empty/half-full implementation of systematic work environment management reform.","PeriodicalId":43946,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Practice in Health and Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14774003.2014.11667802","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59825631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14774003.2014.11667806
D. Walters, E. Wadsworth
Abstract The focus of this special issue of Policy and Practice is on the influence of national contexts on the practice and effectiveness of occupational safety and health management. This paper adds to the discussion, presented in previous papers in this issue, of contextual determinants at the national level by taking a comparative Europe-wide focus. Using a recent study as its basis, the paper considers the development and implementation of process-oriented occupational safety and health regulation against its political, economic and labour relations backdrops in different EU member states. In particular, it draws out the significance of change (and its pace) in all of these areas as a determinant of occupational safety and health management and practice. The paper concludes with a discussion of the role of the European Union as a key determinant, highlighting the tensions between its regulatory, political and economic policies and approaches in the rapidly changing world of work.
{"title":"Contexts and Determinants of the Management of Occupational Safety and Health in European Workplaces","authors":"D. Walters, E. Wadsworth","doi":"10.1080/14774003.2014.11667806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14774003.2014.11667806","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The focus of this special issue of Policy and Practice is on the influence of national contexts on the practice and effectiveness of occupational safety and health management. This paper adds to the discussion, presented in previous papers in this issue, of contextual determinants at the national level by taking a comparative Europe-wide focus. Using a recent study as its basis, the paper considers the development and implementation of process-oriented occupational safety and health regulation against its political, economic and labour relations backdrops in different EU member states. In particular, it draws out the significance of change (and its pace) in all of these areas as a determinant of occupational safety and health management and practice. The paper concludes with a discussion of the role of the European Union as a key determinant, highlighting the tensions between its regulatory, political and economic policies and approaches in the rapidly changing world of work.","PeriodicalId":43946,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Practice in Health and Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14774003.2014.11667806","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59825247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14774003.2014.11667803
C. Woolfson, I. Vanadziņš
Abstract This paper addresses the historical and contemporary challenges created for occupational safety and health in the EU member state of Latvia, which joined the European Union in 2004. It examines the historical background for the determinants of workplace health and safety in Latvia as a former Soviet republic, and thereafter, following independence from the USSR in 1991, as an open-market neoliberal economy. These divergent contexts have set a problematic trajectory of reactive path dependency with respect to the regulation of occupational safety and health.
{"title":"Historical and Contemporary Challenges to Occupational Safety and Health in Latvia","authors":"C. Woolfson, I. Vanadziņš","doi":"10.1080/14774003.2014.11667803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14774003.2014.11667803","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper addresses the historical and contemporary challenges created for occupational safety and health in the EU member state of Latvia, which joined the European Union in 2004. It examines the historical background for the determinants of workplace health and safety in Latvia as a former Soviet republic, and thereafter, following independence from the USSR in 1991, as an open-market neoliberal economy. These divergent contexts have set a problematic trajectory of reactive path dependency with respect to the regulation of occupational safety and health.","PeriodicalId":43946,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Practice in Health and Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14774003.2014.11667803","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59825643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14774003.2014.11667793
D. Walters
This issue of Policy and Practice focuses on several concerns of key relevance to health and safety at work in the 21st century: the importance of taking gender into account in occupational health research; participation and trust in health and safety management; inspection practices and strategies in relation to psychosocial risks; the challenges of outsourcing in a safety critical industry; and the role of occupational exposure limits (OELs) in workplace risk management.
{"title":"Continuing Challenges for Policy and Practice","authors":"D. Walters","doi":"10.1080/14774003.2014.11667793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14774003.2014.11667793","url":null,"abstract":"This issue of Policy and Practice focuses on several concerns of key relevance to health and safety at work in the 21st century: the importance of taking gender into account in occupational health research; participation and trust in health and safety management; inspection practices and strategies in relation to psychosocial risks; the challenges of outsourcing in a safety critical industry; and the role of occupational exposure limits (OELs) in workplace risk management.","PeriodicalId":43946,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Practice in Health and Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14774003.2014.11667793","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59825258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14774003.2014.11667794
P. Armstrong, K. Messing
Abstract Thinking about women’s occupational health reveals tensions that are involved in doing all occupational health research. By ‘tensions’ we mean conflicting pressures that are not easily or perhaps ever resolved. Recognising such tensions can lead to better science, even when the underlying issues persist. Based on research about women’s occupational health, this paper identifies a series of tensions that have become sources of conflicting pressures within this specific field and which have more general implications for occupational health and, indeed, public health research: sex vs. gender; universal patterns vs. context-specific knowledge; women as a group vs. particular groups of women; quantitative studies vs. qualitative studies; male-female comparisons vs. the study of women; short-term health effects vs. long-term health effects. The tensions identified here are not intended as a finite list but rather as a starting point for the explicit recognition of tensions within specific research projects. Many of these tensions are revealed during interdisciplinary collaborations and need to be understood through such collaborations.
{"title":"Taking Gender into Account in Occupational Health Research: Continuing Tensions","authors":"P. Armstrong, K. Messing","doi":"10.1080/14774003.2014.11667794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14774003.2014.11667794","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Thinking about women’s occupational health reveals tensions that are involved in doing all occupational health research. By ‘tensions’ we mean conflicting pressures that are not easily or perhaps ever resolved. Recognising such tensions can lead to better science, even when the underlying issues persist. Based on research about women’s occupational health, this paper identifies a series of tensions that have become sources of conflicting pressures within this specific field and which have more general implications for occupational health and, indeed, public health research: sex vs. gender; universal patterns vs. context-specific knowledge; women as a group vs. particular groups of women; quantitative studies vs. qualitative studies; male-female comparisons vs. the study of women; short-term health effects vs. long-term health effects. The tensions identified here are not intended as a finite list but rather as a starting point for the explicit recognition of tensions within specific research projects. Many of these tensions are revealed during interdisciplinary collaborations and need to be understood through such collaborations.","PeriodicalId":43946,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Practice in Health and Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14774003.2014.11667794","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59825301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14774003.2014.11667795
Hanna B Rasmussen, P. Hasle, P. Andersen
Abstract Safety representatives are supposed to play a crucial role in ensuring safe and healthy workplaces in the oil and gas industry, but the role is marked by dilemmas and constraints. This paper analyses how safety representatives in their daily practice develop a role that can create the necessary recognition from management and the manoeuvring space to fulfil their role. It is based on a study of three firms in the Danish oil and gas industry. The results indicate that safety representatives are marked by dilemmas between the rather extensive legislative demands and the conflicting expectations from colleagues and management, and constraints on the day-to-day fulfilment of the role. Danish legislation and Danish industrial relations focus on the collaborative aspect of the safety representative role, which impacts on the view of the role. The primary role of the safety representative is to solve small problems rather than protect the interests of colleagues. The focus on problem solving is caused not only by legislation, but by the policies of the individual companies-in the three companies studied, there were considerable differences between them, with one company including its safety representatives to a much larger extent than the others.
{"title":"Safety Representatives’ Roles and Dilemmas in the Danish Oil and Gas Industry","authors":"Hanna B Rasmussen, P. Hasle, P. Andersen","doi":"10.1080/14774003.2014.11667795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14774003.2014.11667795","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Safety representatives are supposed to play a crucial role in ensuring safe and healthy workplaces in the oil and gas industry, but the role is marked by dilemmas and constraints. This paper analyses how safety representatives in their daily practice develop a role that can create the necessary recognition from management and the manoeuvring space to fulfil their role. It is based on a study of three firms in the Danish oil and gas industry. The results indicate that safety representatives are marked by dilemmas between the rather extensive legislative demands and the conflicting expectations from colleagues and management, and constraints on the day-to-day fulfilment of the role. Danish legislation and Danish industrial relations focus on the collaborative aspect of the safety representative role, which impacts on the view of the role. The primary role of the safety representative is to solve small problems rather than protect the interests of colleagues. The focus on problem solving is caused not only by legislation, but by the policies of the individual companies-in the three companies studied, there were considerable differences between them, with one company including its safety representatives to a much larger extent than the others.","PeriodicalId":43946,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Practice in Health and Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14774003.2014.11667795","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59825314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14774003.2014.11667796
N. Gunningham, D. Sinclair
Abstract A previous paper by the authors identified a ‘cluster of characteristics’ closely associated with the formation of mistrust, and the negative impact such characteristics can have on work health and safety. This paper builds on this work to address how to overcome mistrust and, in particular, how to nurture trust between workers, mine site management, corporate management and trade unions, in the context of work health and safety management. In doing so, the paper draws on qualitative research conducted at 10 mine sites across three coal mining companies.
{"title":"Building Trust: Work Health and Safety Management in the Mining Industry","authors":"N. Gunningham, D. Sinclair","doi":"10.1080/14774003.2014.11667796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14774003.2014.11667796","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A previous paper by the authors identified a ‘cluster of characteristics’ closely associated with the formation of mistrust, and the negative impact such characteristics can have on work health and safety. This paper builds on this work to address how to overcome mistrust and, in particular, how to nurture trust between workers, mine site management, corporate management and trade unions, in the context of work health and safety management. In doing so, the paper draws on qualitative research conducted at 10 mine sites across three coal mining companies.","PeriodicalId":43946,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Practice in Health and Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14774003.2014.11667796","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59825370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14774003.2014.11667799
L. Schenk, Misse Wester
Abstract In Sweden, as in other industrialised nations, occupational exposure limits are considered to be an important tool for chemical risk management, although many other factors also play a role in occupational safety and health management. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of occupational exposure limits in relation to information about, and the risk perception of, chemicals. An interview study was performed at four Swedish process industry workplaces in order to investigate these issues. For each workplace, the range of informants covered at least one person who spent most of their working time in the production process; one person in a managerial position; one person in the site health, safety and environment department; the main safety ombudsman; and the site manager. The results show that informants’ understanding of occupational exposure limits and their use is quite poor, although they do understand that there is epistemic uncertainty in determining the toxicological effects of hazardous substances. The risk perception and safety behaviour of the informants were not affected by the occupational exposure limits, nor did occupational exposure limits have any role as sources of information. Nevertheless, almost all the informants expressed the view that occupational exposure limits are trusted and needed; safety engineers and main safety ombudsmen, generally, also added that occupational exposure limits are useful. What was found to be most important factor for the informants’ perception of risk and safety was trust in specific people, often established through long-term relationships.
{"title":"Covert Chemicals, Tangible Trust: Risk Management of Chemicals in the Workplace","authors":"L. Schenk, Misse Wester","doi":"10.1080/14774003.2014.11667799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14774003.2014.11667799","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Sweden, as in other industrialised nations, occupational exposure limits are considered to be an important tool for chemical risk management, although many other factors also play a role in occupational safety and health management. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of occupational exposure limits in relation to information about, and the risk perception of, chemicals. An interview study was performed at four Swedish process industry workplaces in order to investigate these issues. For each workplace, the range of informants covered at least one person who spent most of their working time in the production process; one person in a managerial position; one person in the site health, safety and environment department; the main safety ombudsman; and the site manager. The results show that informants’ understanding of occupational exposure limits and their use is quite poor, although they do understand that there is epistemic uncertainty in determining the toxicological effects of hazardous substances. The risk perception and safety behaviour of the informants were not affected by the occupational exposure limits, nor did occupational exposure limits have any role as sources of information. Nevertheless, almost all the informants expressed the view that occupational exposure limits are trusted and needed; safety engineers and main safety ombudsmen, generally, also added that occupational exposure limits are useful. What was found to be most important factor for the informants’ perception of risk and safety was trust in specific people, often established through long-term relationships.","PeriodicalId":43946,"journal":{"name":"Policy and Practice in Health and Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/14774003.2014.11667799","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59825507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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