Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a significant complication, especially prevalent among elderly individuals following major surgical procedures. Objectives: This study aims to compare the impact of isoflurane and propofol on the occurrence of POCD in patients undergoing elective laminectomy surgery under general anesthesia. Methods: This randomized, double-blind clinical trial took place at Shariati Hospital in Tehran. Patients scheduled for elective laminectomy between December 2020 and November 2021 were enrolled in the study and randomized into 2 groups. Patients in Group P received a Propofol infusion, while patients in Group I were administered isoflurane. Cognitive function assessments were conducted using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at 3-time points: Twelve hours before surgery and 6 and 24 hours after surgery. Results: The MMSE scores demonstrated a significant increase in the Propofol group compared to the Isoflurane group at the 6-hour and 24-hour post-surgery time points. However, no significant difference was observed at baseline before surgery (P = 0.04, P = 0.005, and P = 0.2, respectively). Conclusions: These findings suggest that the use of propofol for general anesthesia may be a favorable choice for surgical procedures in elderly patients.
背景:术后认知功能障碍(POCD)是重大外科手术后的重要并发症，尤其在老年人中普遍存在。目的:本研究旨在比较异氟醚和异丙酚对全麻下择期椎板切除术患者POCD发生的影响。方法:这项随机、双盲临床试验在德黑兰的沙里亚蒂医院进行。计划在2020年12月至2021年11月期间进行择期椎板切除术的患者被纳入研究，并随机分为两组。P组患者输注异丙酚，I组患者输注异氟醚。采用简易精神状态检查(MMSE)于术前12小时、术后6小时和24小时3个时间点进行认知功能评估。结果:术后6小时和24小时，异氟醚组的MMSE评分明显高于异丙酚组。但术前基线无显著差异(P = 0.04, P = 0.005, P = 0.2)。结论:这些结果提示，使用异丙酚进行全身麻醉可能是老年患者外科手术的一个有利选择。
{"title":"Effect of Propofol and Isoflurane on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction Following Elective Laminectomy Surgery in Adult Elderly Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study","authors":"Shirin Motaghian, Arash Heroabadi, Keyvan Teymourei Khanesari, Khalil Pestei, Mojtaba Marashi, Reza Atef Yekta","doi":"10.5812/ans-132837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ans-132837","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a significant complication, especially prevalent among elderly individuals following major surgical procedures. Objectives: This study aims to compare the impact of isoflurane and propofol on the occurrence of POCD in patients undergoing elective laminectomy surgery under general anesthesia. Methods: This randomized, double-blind clinical trial took place at Shariati Hospital in Tehran. Patients scheduled for elective laminectomy between December 2020 and November 2021 were enrolled in the study and randomized into 2 groups. Patients in Group P received a Propofol infusion, while patients in Group I were administered isoflurane. Cognitive function assessments were conducted using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at 3-time points: Twelve hours before surgery and 6 and 24 hours after surgery. Results: The MMSE scores demonstrated a significant increase in the Propofol group compared to the Isoflurane group at the 6-hour and 24-hour post-surgery time points. However, no significant difference was observed at baseline before surgery (P = 0.04, P = 0.005, and P = 0.2, respectively). Conclusions: These findings suggest that the use of propofol for general anesthesia may be a favorable choice for surgical procedures in elderly patients.","PeriodicalId":43970,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Neuroscience","volume":"36 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138605209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a global crisis, has impacted all aspects of human life, even long after its universal containment. Among these impacts, COVID-related cognitive disorders (CDs) are significant, particularly when they persist over the long term. Cognitive disorders are characterized by the brain’s inability to process, store, and utilize information for reasoning, judgment, perception, attention, comprehension, and memory. Objectives: Given the persistence of COVID-related CDs even long after recovery, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictive factors of CDs among individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 in Iran, using Bayesian analysis. Methods: In this regional cross-sectional analytical study, 300 individuals were randomly selected from three hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The subjects were evaluated using the Clinical Demographic Information Questionnaire, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21), and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 26) to determine the prevalence of CDs, identify predictive factors, and examine the interrelationship between CDs and other COVID-related disorders. Results: Among the 300 participants, only 81 individuals (27%) exhibited CDs. The majority of the aforementioned subjects were patients at hospital A (46.91%), and their recovery occurred between 12-18 months ago (39.51%). Among these variables, only the difference in the hospital variable was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Furthermore, there were correlations between CDs and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, and stress, although they were not statistically significant. Ultimately, PTSD (BF = 0.58, P = 0.02), older age (BF = 0.0001, P = 0.0001), hospitalization at hospital A (BF = 0.35, P = 0.001), lower arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) (BF = 0.01, P = 0.0001), and longer hospitalization (BF = 0.001, P = 0.0001) were identified as the most robust predictors for the presence of CDs among individuals recovering from COVID-19. Conclusions: In conclusion, CDs were observed in less than half (27%) of individuals who had recovered from COVID-19. Sociodemographic and health disparities contributed to variations in the prevalence, severity, and significance of these disorders.
背景：2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）作为一场全球性危机，已经影响到人类生活的方方面面，即使在其被普遍遏制很久之后也是如此。在这些影响中，与 COVID 相关的认知障碍（CDs）非常严重，尤其是当它们长期存在时。认知障碍的特征是大脑无法处理、存储和利用信息进行推理、判断、感知、注意、理解和记忆。目标：鉴于 COVID 相关 CD 即使在康复后很长时间仍会持续存在，本研究旨在使用贝叶斯分析法确定 CD 在伊朗 COVID-19 康复者中的流行率和预测因素。研究方法在这项地区横断面分析研究中，从伊朗德黑兰的三家医院中随机抽取了 300 人。研究人员使用临床人口信息问卷、蒙特利尔认知评估（MoCA）、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）、强迫症清单修订版（OCI-R）、抑郁、焦虑和压力量表 21（DASS-21）以及创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）核对表 DSM-5（PCL-5）对受试者进行了评估。我们使用 SPSS 软件（26 版）对所获得的数据进行了分析，以确定 CD 的患病率、确定预测因素并研究 CD 与其他 COVID 相关疾病之间的相互关系。研究结果在 300 名参与者中，只有 81 人（27%）表现出 CD。上述受试者大多是 A 医院的患者（46.91%），他们的康复时间在 12-18 个月前（39.51%）。在这些变量中，只有医院变量的差异具有统计学意义（P = 0.001）。此外，CD 与强迫症（OCD）、焦虑和压力之间也存在相关性，但在统计学上并不显著。最终，创伤后应激障碍（BF = 0.58，P = 0.02）、年龄较大（BF = 0.0001，P = 0.0001）、在 A 医院住院（BF = 0.35，P = 0.001）、动脉血氧饱和度（SaO2）较低（BF = 0.01，P = 0.0001）和住院时间较长（BF = 0.001，P = 0.0001）被确定为 COVID-19 康复者出现 CD 的最可靠预测因素。结论总之，不到一半（27%）的 COVID-19 康复者出现了 CD。社会人口和健康差异导致了这些疾病的患病率、严重程度和重要性的不同。
{"title":"Evaluation of the Prevalence and Predictive Factors of Post-COVID Cognitive Disorders Among Iranian COVID-19 Recuperated Individuals: A Bayesian Analysis","authors":"F. Ghadirian, A. Shafighi","doi":"10.5812/ans-140290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ans-140290","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a global crisis, has impacted all aspects of human life, even long after its universal containment. Among these impacts, COVID-related cognitive disorders (CDs) are significant, particularly when they persist over the long term. Cognitive disorders are characterized by the brain’s inability to process, store, and utilize information for reasoning, judgment, perception, attention, comprehension, and memory. Objectives: Given the persistence of COVID-related CDs even long after recovery, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictive factors of CDs among individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 in Iran, using Bayesian analysis. Methods: In this regional cross-sectional analytical study, 300 individuals were randomly selected from three hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The subjects were evaluated using the Clinical Demographic Information Questionnaire, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21), and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 26) to determine the prevalence of CDs, identify predictive factors, and examine the interrelationship between CDs and other COVID-related disorders. Results: Among the 300 participants, only 81 individuals (27%) exhibited CDs. The majority of the aforementioned subjects were patients at hospital A (46.91%), and their recovery occurred between 12-18 months ago (39.51%). Among these variables, only the difference in the hospital variable was statistically significant (P = 0.001). Furthermore, there were correlations between CDs and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, and stress, although they were not statistically significant. Ultimately, PTSD (BF = 0.58, P = 0.02), older age (BF = 0.0001, P = 0.0001), hospitalization at hospital A (BF = 0.35, P = 0.001), lower arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) (BF = 0.01, P = 0.0001), and longer hospitalization (BF = 0.001, P = 0.0001) were identified as the most robust predictors for the presence of CDs among individuals recovering from COVID-19. Conclusions: In conclusion, CDs were observed in less than half (27%) of individuals who had recovered from COVID-19. Sociodemographic and health disparities contributed to variations in the prevalence, severity, and significance of these disorders.","PeriodicalId":43970,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Neuroscience","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139238144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Delirium is a common concern among elderly intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Ketamine’s effectiveness in preventing delirium remains controversial despite its demonstrated neuroprotective properties and cognitive benefits in previous studies. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of ketamine and haloperidol in preventing delirium in elderly ICU patients. Methods: This randomized clinical trial involved 44 non-intubated patients aged over 65 years in a general ICU. The patients received low-dose intravenous ketamine (20 mg) or intramuscular haloperidol (2.5 mg). Delirium was assessed using the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) at 5, 10, and 15 minutes. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients achieving adequate sedation (RASS ≤ +1). The secondary outcome was time to reach adequate sedation. Adverse effects and physician satisfaction were evaluated after 60 minutes. Results: No significant difference in delirium was observed between the groups after interventions or within each group over time. However, the ketamine group had significantly lower delirium incidence at 5 minutes. The percentage of patients achieving adequate sedation was higher in the ketamine group (86.4%) than in the haloperidol group (36.4%) (P = 0.002). There was a delirium difference between groups at 10 minutes (P = 0.31) or 15 minutes (P = 0.082). Physician satisfaction did not differ significantly (P = 0.144). Conclusions: The present study suggests that the administration of low-dose ketamine to elderly ICU patients might reduce delirium incidence, supporting its beneficial effect for delirium control.
{"title":"Comparison of Ketamine to Haloperidol for Preventing Delirium in ICU Elderly Patients","authors":"Saereh Hosseindoost, Mohammad Javad Zabetpoor, Samrand Fattah Ghazi, Amirhossein Orandi, Khalil Pestei","doi":"10.5812/ans-140241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ans-140241","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Delirium is a common concern among elderly intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Ketamine’s effectiveness in preventing delirium remains controversial despite its demonstrated neuroprotective properties and cognitive benefits in previous studies. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of ketamine and haloperidol in preventing delirium in elderly ICU patients. Methods: This randomized clinical trial involved 44 non-intubated patients aged over 65 years in a general ICU. The patients received low-dose intravenous ketamine (20 mg) or intramuscular haloperidol (2.5 mg). Delirium was assessed using the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) at 5, 10, and 15 minutes. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients achieving adequate sedation (RASS ≤ +1). The secondary outcome was time to reach adequate sedation. Adverse effects and physician satisfaction were evaluated after 60 minutes. Results: No significant difference in delirium was observed between the groups after interventions or within each group over time. However, the ketamine group had significantly lower delirium incidence at 5 minutes. The percentage of patients achieving adequate sedation was higher in the ketamine group (86.4%) than in the haloperidol group (36.4%) (P = 0.002). There was a delirium difference between groups at 10 minutes (P = 0.31) or 15 minutes (P = 0.082). Physician satisfaction did not differ significantly (P = 0.144). Conclusions: The present study suggests that the administration of low-dose ketamine to elderly ICU patients might reduce delirium incidence, supporting its beneficial effect for delirium control.","PeriodicalId":43970,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Neuroscience","volume":"113 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135345747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: During pregnancy, SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) can be complicated, and the mother and neonate's prognosis is not fully documented. We are presenting the case of a 33-week pregnant patient with confirmed COVID-19 who developed encephalopathy. During the disease and hospitalization in a critical care setting, an emergency C-section was performed with general anesthesia in the ICU due to acidosis and maternal-fetal instability. The baby boy was delivered with an APGAR score of 8, showing no obvious anomalies, and was subsequently intubated. Eight days later, brain imaging revealed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. The mother received treatment and was discharged without further complications. At the final follow-up six months after discharge, the patient's MRI showed laminar necrosis in the two occipitoparietal cortex areas. However, she remained symptom-free and did not report any complications. We also discussed the possible reasons for these findings and their relationship to the infection.
{"title":"Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a Hospitalized Pregnant Woman with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report","authors":"Mostafa Mohammadi, Hesam Aldin Varpaei, Seyedeh Azadeh Hosseini, Kaveh Hedayati Emami, Negin Mousaeinejad","doi":"10.5812/ans-135229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ans-135229","url":null,"abstract":": During pregnancy, SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) can be complicated, and the mother and neonate's prognosis is not fully documented. We are presenting the case of a 33-week pregnant patient with confirmed COVID-19 who developed encephalopathy. During the disease and hospitalization in a critical care setting, an emergency C-section was performed with general anesthesia in the ICU due to acidosis and maternal-fetal instability. The baby boy was delivered with an APGAR score of 8, showing no obvious anomalies, and was subsequently intubated. Eight days later, brain imaging revealed posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. The mother received treatment and was discharged without further complications. At the final follow-up six months after discharge, the patient's MRI showed laminar necrosis in the two occipitoparietal cortex areas. However, she remained symptom-free and did not report any complications. We also discussed the possible reasons for these findings and their relationship to the infection.","PeriodicalId":43970,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Neuroscience","volume":"5 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135724754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miftau Fuseini, Marcarious Moorkereh Tantuoyir, Mohammad Mirahmadi Eraghi, Seyed Amir Hossein Javadi
Background: Giant vestibular schwannoma (VS) represents one of the most challenging interventions in skull base surgery. Preserving facial and cochlear nerves requires effective surgical planning and nuanced techniques. Objectives: The present study evaluates the role of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) in predicting the outcome of facial and cochlear nerves. Methods: This retrospective cohort comprised 34 patients with a giant (Samii IV/IVb grade) VS during 2016 - 2019. The retrosigmoid approach was used for tumor resection. Pre- and postoperative facial exams were graded according to the House-Brackmann Scale. Hearing ability was also classified according to the Hannover Hearing Classification. Intraoperative findings included the location of the nerve complex, tumor consistency, the surgical plane of the tumor from the facial nerve/ brainstem, and the level of internal auditory canal (IAC) decompression. Intraoperative neuromonitoring was used for all surgeries. The amplitude required for a positive response was recorded during the facial nerve's direct electrical stimulation (DES). All patients were followed 6 and 12 months postoperative. Results: The preoperative facial nerve function was normal in 91.2% of patients, and 8.8% had slight facial nerve impairment (FNI). Considering preoperative hearing status, 9 cases (26.5%) had moderate hearing loss or impairment, while 25 patients (73.5%) complained of severe hearing impairment. The mean intraoperative direct facial nerve stimulation threshold was 1.38 ± 0.89. Hearing impairment was moderately severe in 7 (20.6%) and severe in 25 patients (73.5%) postoperation. In addition, postoperative assessment revealed 13 (38.2%) cases with moderate FNI and 12 (35.2%) with moderately severe FNI. The tumor size did not affect the postoperative hearing loss, and the postoperative hearing loss did not improve significantly (P = 0.32). There was no statistically significant correlation between the intensity of intraoperative DES and postoperative facial nerve function (P > 0.05). No significant correlation was observed between tumor consistency and postoperative hearing status (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The retrosigmoid approach combined with IONM appears to be associated with favorable facial and cochlear nerve outcomes in giant VS. The postoperative facial nerve function may improve, but sensorineural hearing status may not improve significantly. Moreover, the intensity of intraoperative DES may not predict the postoperative facial function. Therefore, the findings of IONM should be interpreted carefully.
{"title":"Facial and Cochlear Nerves Outcomes in the Surgical Resection of Giant Vestibular Schwannoma: Is There Any Predictive Value for Intraoperative Neuromonitoring of the Facial Nerve?","authors":"Miftau Fuseini, Marcarious Moorkereh Tantuoyir, Mohammad Mirahmadi Eraghi, Seyed Amir Hossein Javadi","doi":"10.5812/ans-141608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ans-141608","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Giant vestibular schwannoma (VS) represents one of the most challenging interventions in skull base surgery. Preserving facial and cochlear nerves requires effective surgical planning and nuanced techniques. Objectives: The present study evaluates the role of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) in predicting the outcome of facial and cochlear nerves. Methods: This retrospective cohort comprised 34 patients with a giant (Samii IV/IVb grade) VS during 2016 - 2019. The retrosigmoid approach was used for tumor resection. Pre- and postoperative facial exams were graded according to the House-Brackmann Scale. Hearing ability was also classified according to the Hannover Hearing Classification. Intraoperative findings included the location of the nerve complex, tumor consistency, the surgical plane of the tumor from the facial nerve/ brainstem, and the level of internal auditory canal (IAC) decompression. Intraoperative neuromonitoring was used for all surgeries. The amplitude required for a positive response was recorded during the facial nerve's direct electrical stimulation (DES). All patients were followed 6 and 12 months postoperative. Results: The preoperative facial nerve function was normal in 91.2% of patients, and 8.8% had slight facial nerve impairment (FNI). Considering preoperative hearing status, 9 cases (26.5%) had moderate hearing loss or impairment, while 25 patients (73.5%) complained of severe hearing impairment. The mean intraoperative direct facial nerve stimulation threshold was 1.38 ± 0.89. Hearing impairment was moderately severe in 7 (20.6%) and severe in 25 patients (73.5%) postoperation. In addition, postoperative assessment revealed 13 (38.2%) cases with moderate FNI and 12 (35.2%) with moderately severe FNI. The tumor size did not affect the postoperative hearing loss, and the postoperative hearing loss did not improve significantly (P = 0.32). There was no statistically significant correlation between the intensity of intraoperative DES and postoperative facial nerve function (P > 0.05). No significant correlation was observed between tumor consistency and postoperative hearing status (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The retrosigmoid approach combined with IONM appears to be associated with favorable facial and cochlear nerve outcomes in giant VS. The postoperative facial nerve function may improve, but sensorineural hearing status may not improve significantly. Moreover, the intensity of intraoperative DES may not predict the postoperative facial function. Therefore, the findings of IONM should be interpreted carefully.","PeriodicalId":43970,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Neuroscience","volume":"97 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136157082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Pak-Hashemi, Mahsa Hassanipour, Ayat Kaeedi, Pooya Saeed-Askari, Iman Fatemi, Zahra Taghipour, Mohadeseh Mohammadi, Mohammad Tavakoli
Background: Chronic stress causes a deleterious impact on older adults and accelerates the aging process through different mechanisms, such as increased oxidative stress. Metformin, a drug with pleiotropic effects, exhibited neuroprotective and antioxidant properties. Objectives: Our study aimed to investigate the metformin effects on aging under stress conditions. Methods: Old male rats (18 months) were divided into 6 experimental groups (N = 8): 1 = control; 2 and 3 = metformin (1 or 10 mg/kg, orally, 40 days); 4 = stress (40 days); 5 and 6 = stress + metformin (1 or 10 mg/kg, orally, 40 days). Chronic variable stress was induced with 7 types of stressors for 40 days. Neurobehavioral functions were evaluated using the Morris water maze, Y-maze, elevated plus maze, open field, forced swimming test, rotarod, and exhausting swimming test. In addition, BDNF level and SOD activity were measured. Results: Stress induction increased memory deficits, anxiety, depression, and muscle fatigue in old rats. Metformin (10 mg/kg) enhanced memory performance and muscle strength and diminished anxiety and depression in stressed animals (P < 0.05). Treatment with metformin increased the BDNF brain level and SOD activity (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Metformin restored neurobehavioral disruptive changes induced by chronic stress in old rats. The underlying mechanisms could be related to the prevention of oxidative stress and neuronal damage and elevation of BDNF levels in the brain.
{"title":"Fighting Against Aging-Related Dysfunction Under Variable Stress: Possible Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Roles of Metformin via Increased Superoxide Dismutase and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor","authors":"Mohammad Pak-Hashemi, Mahsa Hassanipour, Ayat Kaeedi, Pooya Saeed-Askari, Iman Fatemi, Zahra Taghipour, Mohadeseh Mohammadi, Mohammad Tavakoli","doi":"10.5812/ans-135085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ans-135085","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic stress causes a deleterious impact on older adults and accelerates the aging process through different mechanisms, such as increased oxidative stress. Metformin, a drug with pleiotropic effects, exhibited neuroprotective and antioxidant properties. Objectives: Our study aimed to investigate the metformin effects on aging under stress conditions. Methods: Old male rats (18 months) were divided into 6 experimental groups (N = 8): 1 = control; 2 and 3 = metformin (1 or 10 mg/kg, orally, 40 days); 4 = stress (40 days); 5 and 6 = stress + metformin (1 or 10 mg/kg, orally, 40 days). Chronic variable stress was induced with 7 types of stressors for 40 days. Neurobehavioral functions were evaluated using the Morris water maze, Y-maze, elevated plus maze, open field, forced swimming test, rotarod, and exhausting swimming test. In addition, BDNF level and SOD activity were measured. Results: Stress induction increased memory deficits, anxiety, depression, and muscle fatigue in old rats. Metformin (10 mg/kg) enhanced memory performance and muscle strength and diminished anxiety and depression in stressed animals (P < 0.05). Treatment with metformin increased the BDNF brain level and SOD activity (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Metformin restored neurobehavioral disruptive changes induced by chronic stress in old rats. The underlying mechanisms could be related to the prevention of oxidative stress and neuronal damage and elevation of BDNF levels in the brain.","PeriodicalId":43970,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Neuroscience","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136142362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hind Ait Belcaid, Azeddine Diffaa, Hajar Sebban, Mohammed Amine Belkhouda, Rokaya Assda, Azeddine Sedki
Background: Maajoune is a dough prepared using hemp resin and certain plants known for their aphrodisiac effects. This drug is manufactured in North African countries. Objectives: The goal of this study was to seek the neurocognitive effects of the Maâjoune among children and young individuals. Methods: This randomized case-control study was conducted in three addiction centers and four schools in Morocco’s central region. The neurocognitive evaluation was performed by the Bells Test (visual attention deficits, unilateral spatial neglect, memory, and executive functions). SPSS software (version 20) was used to perform statistical analysis consisting of descriptive and qualitative analyses. Results: This study was conducted on 115 participants aged between 10 and 18 years. The subjects were divided into two groups, namely 55 subjects (48%) (G1) addicted to Maajoune and 60 subjects (52%) (G2) as non-consumers (control group). The results showed the omission of 6 items for 73% and 42% in G1 and G2, respectively (P < 0.05). Hemianopsia was detected as bilateral visuospatial neglect (BVN) for 36% (G1) and 17% (G2) (P < 0.05) and right visuospatial neglect for 24% (G1) and 13% (G2) (P < 0.05). The addicted group score was significant regarding attention disorder (P = 0.001‡) and memory troubles (P < 0.000001‡). Conclusions: The study results confirmed that Maajoune consumption significantly affected attention, executive function, and memory in young individuals. These findings highlight the urgent need for research that elucidates the neurobiological changes caused by Maajoune consumption in human health.
{"title":"Neurobehavioral and Social Sequelae Of “Maajoune Illicit Drug” Use by Young Individuals","authors":"Hind Ait Belcaid, Azeddine Diffaa, Hajar Sebban, Mohammed Amine Belkhouda, Rokaya Assda, Azeddine Sedki","doi":"10.5812/ans-138597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ans-138597","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Maajoune is a dough prepared using hemp resin and certain plants known for their aphrodisiac effects. This drug is manufactured in North African countries. Objectives: The goal of this study was to seek the neurocognitive effects of the Maâjoune among children and young individuals. Methods: This randomized case-control study was conducted in three addiction centers and four schools in Morocco’s central region. The neurocognitive evaluation was performed by the Bells Test (visual attention deficits, unilateral spatial neglect, memory, and executive functions). SPSS software (version 20) was used to perform statistical analysis consisting of descriptive and qualitative analyses. Results: This study was conducted on 115 participants aged between 10 and 18 years. The subjects were divided into two groups, namely 55 subjects (48%) (G1) addicted to Maajoune and 60 subjects (52%) (G2) as non-consumers (control group). The results showed the omission of 6 items for 73% and 42% in G1 and G2, respectively (P < 0.05). Hemianopsia was detected as bilateral visuospatial neglect (BVN) for 36% (G1) and 17% (G2) (P < 0.05) and right visuospatial neglect for 24% (G1) and 13% (G2) (P < 0.05). The addicted group score was significant regarding attention disorder (P = 0.001‡) and memory troubles (P < 0.000001‡). Conclusions: The study results confirmed that Maajoune consumption significantly affected attention, executive function, and memory in young individuals. These findings highlight the urgent need for research that elucidates the neurobiological changes caused by Maajoune consumption in human health.","PeriodicalId":43970,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Neuroscience","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136294477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial disease that causes neurological disability. Human retroviruses may have a role in the etiology of several acute and chronic neurological disorders. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the presence of HTLV-I/II and HIV antibodies in the sera of MS patients to assess the relationship between these infections and MS. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on serum samples of MS patients and individuals admitted to the same hospital with no symptoms of MS as the control group. Samples were examined for HIV and HTLV-I/II antibodies using ELISA kits. Results: A total of 79 people, including 38 MS patients and 41 healthy individuals, were evaluated. The frequency of HIV antibodies was 0.0% in both the case and control groups. The HTLV-I/II antibodies were detected in 1 patient in the control group and no patients in the MS group, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P: 0.999). Conclusions: This study could not establish a relationship between the presence of HTLV-I/II or HIV antibodies and MS.
{"title":"Serum Evaluation of Human T-lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and 2 (HTLV-I/II) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)","authors":"Zahra Golmohammadi, Reza Boostani, Morteza Saeidi, Ehsan Aryan, Aida Gholoobi, Mojtaba Meshkat, Amin Hooshyar Chechaklou, Mahdieh Khoshakhlagh, Samaneh Abolbashari, Zahra Meshkat","doi":"10.5812/ans-135230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ans-135230","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial disease that causes neurological disability. Human retroviruses may have a role in the etiology of several acute and chronic neurological disorders. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the presence of HTLV-I/II and HIV antibodies in the sera of MS patients to assess the relationship between these infections and MS. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on serum samples of MS patients and individuals admitted to the same hospital with no symptoms of MS as the control group. Samples were examined for HIV and HTLV-I/II antibodies using ELISA kits. Results: A total of 79 people, including 38 MS patients and 41 healthy individuals, were evaluated. The frequency of HIV antibodies was 0.0% in both the case and control groups. The HTLV-I/II antibodies were detected in 1 patient in the control group and no patients in the MS group, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P: 0.999). Conclusions: This study could not establish a relationship between the presence of HTLV-I/II or HIV antibodies and MS.","PeriodicalId":43970,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Neuroscience","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135385312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aida Afghani, Emran M Razaghi, Reza Rastgoo Sisakht, Ali Farhoudian, Nasim Vousooghi
Background: Preclinical studies have shown that neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), are involved in the modulation of biochemical and behavioral adaptations to substance use. Methods: We studied the impact of GDNF and BDNF serum levels on adherence to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) through cross-sectional research. Participants were clients on MMT (43 males), subjects in remission from opioid use disorder (12 males), and healthy controls (20 males). Adherence and non-adherence to treatment were assessed by the detection of illicit opioids in random urinalysis. Results: Using t-tests for independent groups and analysis of variance (ANOVA), GDNF serum levels in the adherent patients to MMT were found to be significantly higher than in the non-adherent patients. BDNF serum levels were not different between adherent and non-adherent patients. Conclusions: Our results suggest the involvement of GDNF as a biological factor in adherence to MMT.
{"title":"Serum Level of GDNF is Associated with Adherence to Methadone Maintenance Treatment","authors":"Aida Afghani, Emran M Razaghi, Reza Rastgoo Sisakht, Ali Farhoudian, Nasim Vousooghi","doi":"10.5812/ans-139049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ans-139049","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Preclinical studies have shown that neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), are involved in the modulation of biochemical and behavioral adaptations to substance use. Methods: We studied the impact of GDNF and BDNF serum levels on adherence to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) through cross-sectional research. Participants were clients on MMT (43 males), subjects in remission from opioid use disorder (12 males), and healthy controls (20 males). Adherence and non-adherence to treatment were assessed by the detection of illicit opioids in random urinalysis. Results: Using t-tests for independent groups and analysis of variance (ANOVA), GDNF serum levels in the adherent patients to MMT were found to be significantly higher than in the non-adherent patients. BDNF serum levels were not different between adherent and non-adherent patients. Conclusions: Our results suggest the involvement of GDNF as a biological factor in adherence to MMT.","PeriodicalId":43970,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Neuroscience","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134960693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aryoobarzan Rahmatian, Yousef Jamshidbeigi, Ali Molavi, Ebrahim Salimi
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common debilitating chronic autoimmune and inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. Compared to the general population, MS patients are at a higher risk of contracting various diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the challenges related to the injection of COVID-19 vaccines in people with MS. Methods: In this qualitative research that was conducted on patients with MS, the data were collected in a secure environment through semi-structured interviews. We continued the interviews until data saturation, which was reached after 10 interviews, but 2 more interviews were conducted to make sure of data saturation. The duration of each interview was 30 - 45 minutes, depending on each patient's condition. The data were managed in MAXQDA 10. Results: Of the participants, 66% were female, and the average age of the patients was 47 years. After analyzing the interviews, 4 main categories and 19 subcategories were extracted: mental concerns (hearing rumors, hearing news of death due to COVID-19, worrying about the unknowns of new vaccines, and worrying about side effects and treatment interactions), quarantine suffering (movement complications, depression, weak immune system, social distancing, and compliance with health protocols), educational resources (doctors, clinic staff, national media, cyberspace, and family) and personal experiences (effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine, reduction of symptoms compared to unvaccinated people, and having no complications). Conclusions: It is essential to take measures to decrease the existing challenges. For example, the patients were afraid of drug interactions and the lack of full understanding of the disease by doctors. In general, they had many questions, while they did not know a reliable source of information. They chose doctors as the most reliable source; this choice shows the importance and capacity of the doctor's position in relation to vaccination, which can be used to explain and promote vaccination in schools, offices, factories, and other parts of society. Besides, in relation to research on new diseases, a task force should be formed for each disease, and the mutual impacts of diseases and their drug interactions should be investigated; in this way, fewer concerns and problems arise during vaccination and treatment.
{"title":"Experiences Related to the Injection of COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Qualitative Study","authors":"Aryoobarzan Rahmatian, Yousef Jamshidbeigi, Ali Molavi, Ebrahim Salimi","doi":"10.5812/ans-137636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ans-137636","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common debilitating chronic autoimmune and inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. Compared to the general population, MS patients are at a higher risk of contracting various diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the challenges related to the injection of COVID-19 vaccines in people with MS. Methods: In this qualitative research that was conducted on patients with MS, the data were collected in a secure environment through semi-structured interviews. We continued the interviews until data saturation, which was reached after 10 interviews, but 2 more interviews were conducted to make sure of data saturation. The duration of each interview was 30 - 45 minutes, depending on each patient's condition. The data were managed in MAXQDA 10. Results: Of the participants, 66% were female, and the average age of the patients was 47 years. After analyzing the interviews, 4 main categories and 19 subcategories were extracted: mental concerns (hearing rumors, hearing news of death due to COVID-19, worrying about the unknowns of new vaccines, and worrying about side effects and treatment interactions), quarantine suffering (movement complications, depression, weak immune system, social distancing, and compliance with health protocols), educational resources (doctors, clinic staff, national media, cyberspace, and family) and personal experiences (effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine, reduction of symptoms compared to unvaccinated people, and having no complications). Conclusions: It is essential to take measures to decrease the existing challenges. For example, the patients were afraid of drug interactions and the lack of full understanding of the disease by doctors. In general, they had many questions, while they did not know a reliable source of information. They chose doctors as the most reliable source; this choice shows the importance and capacity of the doctor's position in relation to vaccination, which can be used to explain and promote vaccination in schools, offices, factories, and other parts of society. Besides, in relation to research on new diseases, a task force should be formed for each disease, and the mutual impacts of diseases and their drug interactions should be investigated; in this way, fewer concerns and problems arise during vaccination and treatment.","PeriodicalId":43970,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Neuroscience","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135815334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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