Mohammad Javad Dehghani Firoozabadi, M. Zarei, B. Mirzashahi, M. Golbakhsh, Saeedreza Mehrpour Mohammadabadi, Abbas Rahimian, Furqan Mohammed Yaseen Khan
Background: One of the most important objectives in the deformity correction surgery of spine is to achieve appropriate sagittal alignment, to improve patient outcome and reduce the risk of junctional failure. Intra-operative rod bending is crucial to achieve desired alignment. Objectives: Assessment of accuracy of rod bending by spine surgeons with or with-out template and/or correction. Methods: Spine surgeons were asked to bend two rods; one in-situ on three-dimensional (3D) printed moulage, designed based on schematic representation of a patient with Kyphoscoliosis, the other rod was asked to bend with correction angles. The differences were measured and correlated with experience and specialty. Results: 21 fellowship trained spine surgeons participated in this study, for in-situ rod, mean thoracic and lumbar bend were 65.2 (P = 0.033) and 49.3 (P = 0.077) degrees, respectively and for the correction rod, mean bend in thoracic and lumbar were 53.8 (P = 0.001) and 51.8 (P = 0.004) degrees, respectively, with significant difference from cut-off point. Each curve was over-bend and it was more pronounce in thoracic, both on in-situ and correction rods, 61.9 and 71.1 %, respectively. Level of experience showed positive correlation with degree of rod bending more than five years in thoracic in-situ bend (P = 0.003) and thoracic bend with correction (P = 0.004). Field of specialty showed positive correlation as well; with orthopedic in-situ bend (P = 0.002) and with correction (P = 0.003). Conclusions: Spine surgeons tend to over-bend rods, when given target angles and when correction is needed. However, when provided with template, a 3D printed moulage in our study, accuracy of rod bending improved significantly.
{"title":"Assessment of Rod Bending Accuracy for Sagittal Spinal Deformity Correction on 3D Printed Moulage","authors":"Mohammad Javad Dehghani Firoozabadi, M. Zarei, B. Mirzashahi, M. Golbakhsh, Saeedreza Mehrpour Mohammadabadi, Abbas Rahimian, Furqan Mohammed Yaseen Khan","doi":"10.5812/ans-129307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ans-129307","url":null,"abstract":"Background: One of the most important objectives in the deformity correction surgery of spine is to achieve appropriate sagittal alignment, to improve patient outcome and reduce the risk of junctional failure. Intra-operative rod bending is crucial to achieve desired alignment. Objectives: Assessment of accuracy of rod bending by spine surgeons with or with-out template and/or correction. Methods: Spine surgeons were asked to bend two rods; one in-situ on three-dimensional (3D) printed moulage, designed based on schematic representation of a patient with Kyphoscoliosis, the other rod was asked to bend with correction angles. The differences were measured and correlated with experience and specialty. Results: 21 fellowship trained spine surgeons participated in this study, for in-situ rod, mean thoracic and lumbar bend were 65.2 (P = 0.033) and 49.3 (P = 0.077) degrees, respectively and for the correction rod, mean bend in thoracic and lumbar were 53.8 (P = 0.001) and 51.8 (P = 0.004) degrees, respectively, with significant difference from cut-off point. Each curve was over-bend and it was more pronounce in thoracic, both on in-situ and correction rods, 61.9 and 71.1 %, respectively. Level of experience showed positive correlation with degree of rod bending more than five years in thoracic in-situ bend (P = 0.003) and thoracic bend with correction (P = 0.004). Field of specialty showed positive correlation as well; with orthopedic in-situ bend (P = 0.002) and with correction (P = 0.003). Conclusions: Spine surgeons tend to over-bend rods, when given target angles and when correction is needed. However, when provided with template, a 3D printed moulage in our study, accuracy of rod bending improved significantly.","PeriodicalId":43970,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48171585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Achbani, Abdellatif Ait Ougjij, S. Ait wahmane, H. Sine, A. Kharbach, Youssef Bouchriti, A. Belmouden, M. Nejmeddine
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains a significant health concern in Morocco. Multivariate analysis was not used in any study to evaluate the role of various factors that contributed to the onset of the disease. Objectives: This study investigates the role of family, environmental, and professional factors in PD development. Methods: The present study is an age-matched case-control study with risk estimation based on odds ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). In total, 180 cases were matched with 360 controls. Results: The average age of participants was 68.3 ± 11.2 years. Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that the family history of PD (ORa = 7.19, CI 95% 3.41 - 15.13), male sex (ORa = 1.92, CI 95% 1.16 - 3.16), spring water consumption (ORa = 3.31, CI 95% 2.05 - 5.34), drug use (ORa = 2.12, CI 95% 1.33 - 3.38), a history of head injury (ORa = 3.38, CI 95% 1.16 - 9.83) and non - consumption of coffee (ORa = 3.04, CI 95%1.56 - 5.90) were significantly associated with the onset of the disease. In a univariate analysis, well water consumption was observed as a significant risk factor but could not be shown to be significant in a multivariate analysis. Previous work on a farm (ORa = 0.30, CI 95% 0.16 - 0.54) and history of general anesthesia (ORa = 0.47, CI 95% 0.27 - 0.83) were inversely associated with PD risk. No statistical significance was observed in the data on occupational exposure and disease risk, although there was a 30% decrease in risk for the service occupations (ORa = 0.05, CI 95% 0.01 - 0.18). Conclusions: As a result, further research is needed to determine additional risk factors.
背景:帕金森病(PD)在摩洛哥仍然是一个重要的健康问题。在任何研究中都没有使用多变量分析来评估导致疾病发病的各种因素的作用。目的:探讨家庭、环境和职业因素在帕金森病发展中的作用。方法:本研究是一项年龄匹配的病例对照研究，风险估计基于优势比(OR)， 95%置信区间(CI)。总共180例与360例对照。结果:患者平均年龄68.3±11.2岁。调整逻辑回归分析表明,PD的家族史(ORa = 7.19, 95% CI 3.41 - 15.13),男性(ORa = 1.92, 95% CI 1.16 - 3.16),泉水消费(ORa = 3.31, 95% CI 2.05 - 5.34),吸毒(ORa = 2.12, 95% CI 1.33 - 3.38),头部受伤的历史(ORa = 3.38, 95% CI 1.16 - 9.83)和非饮用咖啡(ORa = 3.04, 95% CI 1.56 - 5.90)明显与疾病的发病有关。在单变量分析中，井水消耗被观察到是一个重要的危险因素，但在多变量分析中不能显示出显著性。以前在农场工作(ORa = 0.30, CI 95% 0.16 - 0.54)和全身麻醉史(ORa = 0.47, CI 95% 0.27 - 0.83)与PD风险呈负相关。职业暴露和疾病风险数据无统计学意义，但服务性职业的风险降低了30% (ORa = 0.05, CI 95% 0.01 - 0.18)。结论:因此，需要进一步研究以确定其他危险因素。
{"title":"Risk Factors of Parkinson’s Disease: A Case-Control Study in Moroccan Patients","authors":"A. Achbani, Abdellatif Ait Ougjij, S. Ait wahmane, H. Sine, A. Kharbach, Youssef Bouchriti, A. Belmouden, M. Nejmeddine","doi":"10.5812/ans-126351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ans-126351","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains a significant health concern in Morocco. Multivariate analysis was not used in any study to evaluate the role of various factors that contributed to the onset of the disease. Objectives: This study investigates the role of family, environmental, and professional factors in PD development. Methods: The present study is an age-matched case-control study with risk estimation based on odds ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). In total, 180 cases were matched with 360 controls. Results: The average age of participants was 68.3 ± 11.2 years. Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that the family history of PD (ORa = 7.19, CI 95% 3.41 - 15.13), male sex (ORa = 1.92, CI 95% 1.16 - 3.16), spring water consumption (ORa = 3.31, CI 95% 2.05 - 5.34), drug use (ORa = 2.12, CI 95% 1.33 - 3.38), a history of head injury (ORa = 3.38, CI 95% 1.16 - 9.83) and non - consumption of coffee (ORa = 3.04, CI 95%1.56 - 5.90) were significantly associated with the onset of the disease. In a univariate analysis, well water consumption was observed as a significant risk factor but could not be shown to be significant in a multivariate analysis. Previous work on a farm (ORa = 0.30, CI 95% 0.16 - 0.54) and history of general anesthesia (ORa = 0.47, CI 95% 0.27 - 0.83) were inversely associated with PD risk. No statistical significance was observed in the data on occupational exposure and disease risk, although there was a 30% decrease in risk for the service occupations (ORa = 0.05, CI 95% 0.01 - 0.18). Conclusions: As a result, further research is needed to determine additional risk factors.","PeriodicalId":43970,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46959478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Nassehi, Nahid Dehghan Nayeri, A. Abbaszadeh, S. Emami-Razavi, H. Shahsavari, Laleh Ghadirian Marnani
Background: Limited studies have attempted to identify the care needs of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and their professional caregivers at home and after discharge from the hospital. However, little information about these needs has led to increased physical and psychological complications and thus a reduced quality of life in SCI patients. Objectives: This study aimed to explain the experiences of patients and their caregivers regarding physical and psychological care needs at home. Method: This qualitative descriptive study was conducted on 24 SCI patients and their professional caregivers using the conventional content analysis. Data were collected through unstructured and semi-structured interviews. Purposeful sampling was continued until data saturation was reached. The conventional content analysis approach proposed by Graneheim and Lundman (continuous comparison) was used to analyze the data. Results: The age range of the participants was 29 - 48 years, with an average age of 37.8 years. Seven of the participants had paraplegia, and three of them had tetraplegia. The results of data analysis led to the extraction of two main categories, including physical and psychological care needs. Conclusions: By identifying the real needs of patients after discharge from the hospital, we emphasize the need to remove barriers to home health care services and provide more financial support to meet patients' needs. Therefore, policymakers are encouraged to use the results of this study to plan at-home patient care services.
{"title":"Spinal Cord Injury Patient's Physical and Psychological Care Needs at Home from Patients’ and Caregivers’ Perspectives: A Qualitative Study","authors":"A. Nassehi, Nahid Dehghan Nayeri, A. Abbaszadeh, S. Emami-Razavi, H. Shahsavari, Laleh Ghadirian Marnani","doi":"10.5812/ans-123462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ans-123462","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Limited studies have attempted to identify the care needs of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) and their professional caregivers at home and after discharge from the hospital. However, little information about these needs has led to increased physical and psychological complications and thus a reduced quality of life in SCI patients. Objectives: This study aimed to explain the experiences of patients and their caregivers regarding physical and psychological care needs at home. Method: This qualitative descriptive study was conducted on 24 SCI patients and their professional caregivers using the conventional content analysis. Data were collected through unstructured and semi-structured interviews. Purposeful sampling was continued until data saturation was reached. The conventional content analysis approach proposed by Graneheim and Lundman (continuous comparison) was used to analyze the data. Results: The age range of the participants was 29 - 48 years, with an average age of 37.8 years. Seven of the participants had paraplegia, and three of them had tetraplegia. The results of data analysis led to the extraction of two main categories, including physical and psychological care needs. Conclusions: By identifying the real needs of patients after discharge from the hospital, we emphasize the need to remove barriers to home health care services and provide more financial support to meet patients' needs. Therefore, policymakers are encouraged to use the results of this study to plan at-home patient care services.","PeriodicalId":43970,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42990257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khalil Komlakh, M. Athari, Hassan Reza Mohammadi, Ali Hasanzadeh, Sevda Mohammadzadeh, Alireza Beikmarzehei, Mirbardia Athari
Background: Thoracic disc herniation is a rare illness and is mainly asymptomatic. There are some surgical approaches to treat symptomatic patients, and none has absolute dominance over the others. For this reason, there is a debate between spine surgeons to decide which method could help these patients with better efficacy and safety. Objectives: To seek the potential differences between the two of these methods, the conventional anterior transthoracic and the more recent modified transfacet approaches, we conducted this study. Methods: This is a retrospective case-series study comparing the anterior transthoracic and the modified transfacet method; each of these approaches was preferred and performed by one surgery team. Patients were divided into two groups based on the procedure and assessed using Frankel’s score, visual along scale (VAS) score, short-form health survey questionnaire (SF-36), and the spine functional index (SFI). Results: Eleven patients underwent a transthoracic approach, and eight patients had a posterior transfacet pedicle-sparing approach. The Frankel’s score improved at least one score in ten patients from the transthoracic group and seven patients from the transfacet pedicle-sparing group. No major difference was found between the two groups concerning SFI and SF-36 questionnaire. Conclusions: This study exhibited satisfying efficacy and safety of the modified transfacet pedicle-sparing method compared to the transthoracic approach. Both improved Frankel’s scores, SFI, and patients’ quality of life. Despite encountering some limitations, especially a small number of subjects, our study suggests that these surgical methods could be used efficiently considering the patient’s comorbidities, location of the herniated disc and its calcification, and experience and skill of the surgeon.
{"title":"Trans-facet Pedicle Sparing Approach Versus Transthoracic Approach for Thoracic Disc Disease: A Review of 19 Cases","authors":"Khalil Komlakh, M. Athari, Hassan Reza Mohammadi, Ali Hasanzadeh, Sevda Mohammadzadeh, Alireza Beikmarzehei, Mirbardia Athari","doi":"10.5812/ans-121422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ans-121422","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thoracic disc herniation is a rare illness and is mainly asymptomatic. There are some surgical approaches to treat symptomatic patients, and none has absolute dominance over the others. For this reason, there is a debate between spine surgeons to decide which method could help these patients with better efficacy and safety. Objectives: To seek the potential differences between the two of these methods, the conventional anterior transthoracic and the more recent modified transfacet approaches, we conducted this study. Methods: This is a retrospective case-series study comparing the anterior transthoracic and the modified transfacet method; each of these approaches was preferred and performed by one surgery team. Patients were divided into two groups based on the procedure and assessed using Frankel’s score, visual along scale (VAS) score, short-form health survey questionnaire (SF-36), and the spine functional index (SFI). Results: Eleven patients underwent a transthoracic approach, and eight patients had a posterior transfacet pedicle-sparing approach. The Frankel’s score improved at least one score in ten patients from the transthoracic group and seven patients from the transfacet pedicle-sparing group. No major difference was found between the two groups concerning SFI and SF-36 questionnaire. Conclusions: This study exhibited satisfying efficacy and safety of the modified transfacet pedicle-sparing method compared to the transthoracic approach. Both improved Frankel’s scores, SFI, and patients’ quality of life. Despite encountering some limitations, especially a small number of subjects, our study suggests that these surgical methods could be used efficiently considering the patient’s comorbidities, location of the herniated disc and its calcification, and experience and skill of the surgeon.","PeriodicalId":43970,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44622495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is an injury that occurs after the onset of traumatic brain injury (TBI), leading to many problems for patients and imposing high costs on the treatment system. Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the status of laboratory variables in patients with DAI. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 140 patients. Data collection tools were a demographic profile form and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Laboratory tests, including glucose, LDL-C, HDL-C, total cholesterol, triglycerides, Hb, HCT, PT, PTT, INR, BUN, creatinine, and CRP were evaluated. Also, specialized devices were used to study the laboratory and radiology variables. Results: Most (61.5%) of the patients were male, 47.1% had a non-governmental occupation, and 55.7% were less than 30 years old. Also, in 87.9% of cases, traffic accidents were the cause of DAI and in 65% of patients, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was less than 7. In all the laboratory variables differences were observed between the experimental and the control groups. Conclusions: The laboratory variables in patients with DAI had a statistically significant difference compared to the case group, which indicates the negative effect of DAI on laboratory variables. Further studies are required to confirm our results.
{"title":"Evaluation of Laboratory Variables Related to Diffuse Axonal Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"M. Hatefi, Khalil Komlakh","doi":"10.5812/ans-127451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ans-127451","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is an injury that occurs after the onset of traumatic brain injury (TBI), leading to many problems for patients and imposing high costs on the treatment system. Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the status of laboratory variables in patients with DAI. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 140 patients. Data collection tools were a demographic profile form and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Laboratory tests, including glucose, LDL-C, HDL-C, total cholesterol, triglycerides, Hb, HCT, PT, PTT, INR, BUN, creatinine, and CRP were evaluated. Also, specialized devices were used to study the laboratory and radiology variables. Results: Most (61.5%) of the patients were male, 47.1% had a non-governmental occupation, and 55.7% were less than 30 years old. Also, in 87.9% of cases, traffic accidents were the cause of DAI and in 65% of patients, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was less than 7. In all the laboratory variables differences were observed between the experimental and the control groups. Conclusions: The laboratory variables in patients with DAI had a statistically significant difference compared to the case group, which indicates the negative effect of DAI on laboratory variables. Further studies are required to confirm our results.","PeriodicalId":43970,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48760428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Context: Tranexamic acid (TXA) belongs to the family of lysine-derived antifibrinolytics. TXA requires a simple molecular breakdown in the liver to be metabolized and has a high renal excretion. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of TXA on subdural hematoma (SDH) treatment using the SR method. Methods: Following a systematic review design, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of TXA on SDH treatment using studies published from 2000 to 2020. The search was performed by two researchers who were dominant in various types of SR studies and specialized discussion of neurosurgery. A checklist that contained the following items was used to collect the data: surname, year of study, year of publication, population, sample size, age, intervention, and outcomes. Data were also classified and reported using Word software. Results: Initially, 178 articles were identified, out of which 118 were removed due to the relevance of the title and method, 44 due to duplication, six due to following the SR method, and three due to having a case report design. Seven studies were found as eligible, as follows: the study by Wakabayashi et al. with a sample of 199 patients, Kageyama et al.’s study with 21 patients, Wan et al.’s study with 90 patients, Kutty et al.’ study with 27 patients, Tanweer et al.’s study with 14 patients, Yamada et al.’s study with 193 patients, and Lodewijkx et al.’s study with 7 patients. All articles showed that TXA could reduce SH. Conclusions: Regarding the positive effect of TXA on reducing SDH, administration of this medicine is recommended in the treatment of patients with CSDH.
{"title":"Investigating the Effect of Tranexamic Acid on the Treatment of Subdural Hematoma: A Systematic Review Study","authors":"M. Hatefi, Khalil Komlakh","doi":"10.5812/ans-127011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ans-127011","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Tranexamic acid (TXA) belongs to the family of lysine-derived antifibrinolytics. TXA requires a simple molecular breakdown in the liver to be metabolized and has a high renal excretion. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of TXA on subdural hematoma (SDH) treatment using the SR method. Methods: Following a systematic review design, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of TXA on SDH treatment using studies published from 2000 to 2020. The search was performed by two researchers who were dominant in various types of SR studies and specialized discussion of neurosurgery. A checklist that contained the following items was used to collect the data: surname, year of study, year of publication, population, sample size, age, intervention, and outcomes. Data were also classified and reported using Word software. Results: Initially, 178 articles were identified, out of which 118 were removed due to the relevance of the title and method, 44 due to duplication, six due to following the SR method, and three due to having a case report design. Seven studies were found as eligible, as follows: the study by Wakabayashi et al. with a sample of 199 patients, Kageyama et al.’s study with 21 patients, Wan et al.’s study with 90 patients, Kutty et al.’ study with 27 patients, Tanweer et al.’s study with 14 patients, Yamada et al.’s study with 193 patients, and Lodewijkx et al.’s study with 7 patients. All articles showed that TXA could reduce SH. Conclusions: Regarding the positive effect of TXA on reducing SDH, administration of this medicine is recommended in the treatment of patients with CSDH.","PeriodicalId":43970,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42693555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nader Charkhgard, M. Zahmatkesh, N. Vousooghi, Maryam Farahmandfar, A. Torkaman-Boutorabi
Background: Sex-related differences in the incidence, prevalence, symptoms, and side effects of drug use, especially narcotics, have been previously shown in animal models and human studies. Objectives: In the presents study, the effects of different doses of testosterone on morphine extinction period were investigated in a rat model. Methods: Forty mature male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to four categories (10 in each group), including control (received intramuscular injection of vehicle) and testosterone (received intramuscular injection of testosterone at 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg) during the extinction period. Conditioned place preference (CPP) test was done to assess the psychological phenomena of drug craving and relapse. The CPP score was calculated in five stages, including the baseline (preconditioning), acquisition (conditioning), expression (postconditioning), extinction, and reinstatement. Results: Our results demonstrated that testosterone (1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg) significantly extended morphine extinction duration compared to the control group. It has been shown that dopamine neurotransmission in mesocorticolimbic system is affected by testosterone through androgen receptors in adolescence and alteration in testosterone level could affect drug use vulnerability. Conclutions: It seems that normalization of testosterone levels reduces the symptoms of opioid withdrawal syndrome and have important clinical implication for clinicians to understand the effects of testosterone dysregulation on the extinction and withdrawal periods.
{"title":"Effect of Testosterone on the Extinction Period of Morphine-induced CPP in Male Rats","authors":"Nader Charkhgard, M. Zahmatkesh, N. Vousooghi, Maryam Farahmandfar, A. Torkaman-Boutorabi","doi":"10.5812/ans-127059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ans-127059","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sex-related differences in the incidence, prevalence, symptoms, and side effects of drug use, especially narcotics, have been previously shown in animal models and human studies. Objectives: In the presents study, the effects of different doses of testosterone on morphine extinction period were investigated in a rat model. Methods: Forty mature male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to four categories (10 in each group), including control (received intramuscular injection of vehicle) and testosterone (received intramuscular injection of testosterone at 1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg) during the extinction period. Conditioned place preference (CPP) test was done to assess the psychological phenomena of drug craving and relapse. The CPP score was calculated in five stages, including the baseline (preconditioning), acquisition (conditioning), expression (postconditioning), extinction, and reinstatement. Results: Our results demonstrated that testosterone (1, 2.5 and 5 mg/kg) significantly extended morphine extinction duration compared to the control group. It has been shown that dopamine neurotransmission in mesocorticolimbic system is affected by testosterone through androgen receptors in adolescence and alteration in testosterone level could affect drug use vulnerability. Conclutions: It seems that normalization of testosterone levels reduces the symptoms of opioid withdrawal syndrome and have important clinical implication for clinicians to understand the effects of testosterone dysregulation on the extinction and withdrawal periods.","PeriodicalId":43970,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43326687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Shift from Traditional Learning to E-Learning: Advantages and Disadvantages","authors":"Saereh Hosseindoost, Z. Hussain Khan, H. Majedi","doi":"10.5812/ans-128031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ans-128031","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":43970,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48143929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elnaz Vahidi, Mehrad Aghili, M. Zangi, Mohammadhossein Maghsoudiansharafabadi
Background: The disease burden of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is an important health issue in today’s patient care. Urgent intravenous thrombolytic (UIT) therapy is one of the most popular treatments in these cases. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the 1-month outcome of patients with AIS who received urgent intravenous fibrinolytic therapy. Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional study, we evaluated the 1-month outcome of cases with a confirmed diagnosis of AIS who had received UIT therapy at the emergency department. Demographic data, mortality and morbidity, hospital length of stay, admission functional disability by Modified Rankin Scale (MRS), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and final disposition of patients were all evaluated and recorded via their medical records or structured telephone inquiries. We compared all variables between the 2 groups (i.e., survived and expired groups). Results: Among 490 cases we assessed, age had a mean ± SD of 69.41 ± 12.25 years, and most cases were males (74.3%). The 1-month mortality rate in our sample was 4.08% (20 cases). The mean ± SD of hospital length of stay was 6.84 ± 7.32 days, with no significant difference between the 2 groups (P = 0.869). Demographic data showed no significant differences between the 2 groups. NIHSS and MRS scores were significantly higher in the expired group than in the survived group (P = 0.005 and P = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: NIHSS and MRS scores were significantly higher in the expired cases. The 1-month mortality rate in this study was 4.08%.
{"title":"Short-Term Outcome Assessment of Acute Ischemic Stroke After Intravenous Fibrinolytic Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Elnaz Vahidi, Mehrad Aghili, M. Zangi, Mohammadhossein Maghsoudiansharafabadi","doi":"10.5812/ans-126457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ans-126457","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The disease burden of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is an important health issue in today’s patient care. Urgent intravenous thrombolytic (UIT) therapy is one of the most popular treatments in these cases. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the 1-month outcome of patients with AIS who received urgent intravenous fibrinolytic therapy. Methods: In a prospective cross-sectional study, we evaluated the 1-month outcome of cases with a confirmed diagnosis of AIS who had received UIT therapy at the emergency department. Demographic data, mortality and morbidity, hospital length of stay, admission functional disability by Modified Rankin Scale (MRS), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and final disposition of patients were all evaluated and recorded via their medical records or structured telephone inquiries. We compared all variables between the 2 groups (i.e., survived and expired groups). Results: Among 490 cases we assessed, age had a mean ± SD of 69.41 ± 12.25 years, and most cases were males (74.3%). The 1-month mortality rate in our sample was 4.08% (20 cases). The mean ± SD of hospital length of stay was 6.84 ± 7.32 days, with no significant difference between the 2 groups (P = 0.869). Demographic data showed no significant differences between the 2 groups. NIHSS and MRS scores were significantly higher in the expired group than in the survived group (P = 0.005 and P = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: NIHSS and MRS scores were significantly higher in the expired cases. The 1-month mortality rate in this study was 4.08%.","PeriodicalId":43970,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45737390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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