Pub Date : 2019-12-27DOI: 10.24966/adsd-9594/100010
S. Shafti
Citation: Jafarabad Azizi R (2019) Challenging Deficit Syn- drome of Schizophrenia by Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor: A Controlled Clinical Trial. J Alcohol Drug Depend Subst Abus 5: 010. Abstract Objective: Despite advances made in treating the positive symp- toms of schizophrenia, treatment of negative symptoms remains an unmet therapeutic need. Reboxetine is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) .Objective of this study was to evaluate its effect on the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Method: In a twelve-week randomized placebo-controlled trial, re- boxetine was compared with placebo, as an add-on medication to haloperidol (5 mg), for treatment of 50 patients meeting diagnosis of schizophrenia. In this respect, Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms was used as the primary outcome measure. Treatment efficacy was analyzed by t test, Split-plot (Mixed) and repeated – measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Result: The primary finding of this trial was a significant reduction in mean total scores of SANS in the reboxetine group, in comparison with the placebo group, at the end of the 12th week (P <0.0001). As well, in the experiment group, all of the sub-scales of SANS demonstrated considerable improvement. A trivial escalation in mean total scores of SAPS also was evident in the later group. Effect Size (ES) analysis too at the end of the trial, pointed to a large improvement with reboxetine. Conclusion: Reboxetine, as adjuvant to haloperidol, may cause a favorable outcome on behalf of improvement of deficit symptoms of schizophrenia.
{"title":"Challenging Deficit Syndrome Of Schizophrenia By Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor: A Controlled Clinical Trial","authors":"S. Shafti","doi":"10.24966/adsd-9594/100010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/adsd-9594/100010","url":null,"abstract":"Citation: Jafarabad Azizi R (2019) Challenging Deficit Syn- drome of Schizophrenia by Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor: A Controlled Clinical Trial. J Alcohol Drug Depend Subst Abus 5: 010. Abstract Objective: Despite advances made in treating the positive symp- toms of schizophrenia, treatment of negative symptoms remains an unmet therapeutic need. Reboxetine is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) .Objective of this study was to evaluate its effect on the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Method: In a twelve-week randomized placebo-controlled trial, re- boxetine was compared with placebo, as an add-on medication to haloperidol (5 mg), for treatment of 50 patients meeting diagnosis of schizophrenia. In this respect, Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms was used as the primary outcome measure. Treatment efficacy was analyzed by t test, Split-plot (Mixed) and repeated – measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Result: The primary finding of this trial was a significant reduction in mean total scores of SANS in the reboxetine group, in comparison with the placebo group, at the end of the 12th week (P <0.0001). As well, in the experiment group, all of the sub-scales of SANS demonstrated considerable improvement. A trivial escalation in mean total scores of SAPS also was evident in the later group. Effect Size (ES) analysis too at the end of the trial, pointed to a large improvement with reboxetine. Conclusion: Reboxetine, as adjuvant to haloperidol, may cause a favorable outcome on behalf of improvement of deficit symptoms of schizophrenia.","PeriodicalId":439984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alcoholism, Drug Abuse and Substance Dependence","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130677154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-27DOI: 10.24966/adsd-9594/100012
Valeriy Z
Medical and Public Health Aspects of OTC Medication Misuse. J Alcohol Drug Depend Subst Abus 5: 012. four out of five heroin users in the US started out by misusing OTC medication. Currently, 40% of users are potentiating their opiates with enhancers. Commonly used OTC enhancers include grapefruit juice, cimetidine, codeine, diphenhydramine, quinine, vitamin supplements, gabapentin and clonazepam, among others. The study aims to provide the first literature review on the topic. In this case, our research will be aimed at finding the ways opiate drug abus ers are using OTC and other prescribed medications to potentiate intoxication effects of the opiates, and also to identify the main reason people are potentiating opiates. The study will also investigate other drugs that are used to potentiate opiates. We believe there is a need for further research among street drug users with the aim of clarifying our understanding of opiates and their use. This study is motivated by the previously published literature and by the needs of society, and it will analyze data regarding the use of opiate boosters (OTC and other prescription medications) in the USA along with user feedback to provide information about the evolving abuse and suggest new approaches to combat opioid misuse. Abstract Opiates are generally indicated for the treatment of various pain syndromes; however, if alternate treatments have been exhausted and a physician elects to prescribe opioids, then both the physician and patient should be aware of the risks associated with use. More that 10% of patients prescribed opioids go on to misuse their pre- scription, and opioids account for three-quarters of all fatal prescription drug overdoses. Opioid boosters are drugs, herbs, or substances that are utilized to intensify the effects of the opioid. The use of potentiates goes back to as early as the 1600s where it is reported that morphine was sometimes combined with cocaine and alcohol to intensify its opioid effects. Today, the use of potentiates is aggravat-ing the issue of opioid abuse. While there are many approaches by which opioid effects can be intensified illicitly (e.g. snorting, or crush - ing tablets, evaporating liquid opioids via vapes, mixing liquid opioids with sodium bicarbonate, consuming grapefruit juice, etc), this article is intended to discuss most medications that are utilized as opioid boosters or potentiates. The article is not intended to provide a complete list of all potential boosters, however, we believe that it is an educational material to enhance our understanding and combat the abuse of opioids.
{"title":"Using Over-The-Counter And Other Prescription Medications To Potentiate Opiates In The USA: Literature Review. Medical And Public Health Aspects Of OTC Medication Misuse","authors":"Valeriy Z","doi":"10.24966/adsd-9594/100012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/adsd-9594/100012","url":null,"abstract":"Medical and Public Health Aspects of OTC Medication Misuse. J Alcohol Drug Depend Subst Abus 5: 012. four out of five heroin users in the US started out by misusing OTC medication. Currently, 40% of users are potentiating their opiates with enhancers. Commonly used OTC enhancers include grapefruit juice, cimetidine, codeine, diphenhydramine, quinine, vitamin supplements, gabapentin and clonazepam, among others. The study aims to provide the first literature review on the topic. In this case, our research will be aimed at finding the ways opiate drug abus ers are using OTC and other prescribed medications to potentiate intoxication effects of the opiates, and also to identify the main reason people are potentiating opiates. The study will also investigate other drugs that are used to potentiate opiates. We believe there is a need for further research among street drug users with the aim of clarifying our understanding of opiates and their use. This study is motivated by the previously published literature and by the needs of society, and it will analyze data regarding the use of opiate boosters (OTC and other prescription medications) in the USA along with user feedback to provide information about the evolving abuse and suggest new approaches to combat opioid misuse. Abstract Opiates are generally indicated for the treatment of various pain syndromes; however, if alternate treatments have been exhausted and a physician elects to prescribe opioids, then both the physician and patient should be aware of the risks associated with use. More that 10% of patients prescribed opioids go on to misuse their pre- scription, and opioids account for three-quarters of all fatal prescription drug overdoses. Opioid boosters are drugs, herbs, or substances that are utilized to intensify the effects of the opioid. The use of potentiates goes back to as early as the 1600s where it is reported that morphine was sometimes combined with cocaine and alcohol to intensify its opioid effects. Today, the use of potentiates is aggravat-ing the issue of opioid abuse. While there are many approaches by which opioid effects can be intensified illicitly (e.g. snorting, or crush - ing tablets, evaporating liquid opioids via vapes, mixing liquid opioids with sodium bicarbonate, consuming grapefruit juice, etc), this article is intended to discuss most medications that are utilized as opioid boosters or potentiates. The article is not intended to provide a complete list of all potential boosters, however, we believe that it is an educational material to enhance our understanding and combat the abuse of opioids.","PeriodicalId":439984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alcoholism, Drug Abuse and Substance Dependence","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116168589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-18DOI: 10.24966/ADSD-9594/100011
S. Akhtar
Opioid Substitution Treatment (OST) is an established treatment for opioid dependence. In New Zealand, OST programmes are regu-lated by the Ministry of Health (2014) and Methadone and Buprenor- phine/Naloxone (Suboxone) are the primary medications. Retention on OST is a key indicator for stabilization of patients with opioid de- pendence. The purpose of the present research was to study dropout
{"title":"Patient Dropout From Opioid Substitution Treatment","authors":"S. Akhtar","doi":"10.24966/ADSD-9594/100011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/ADSD-9594/100011","url":null,"abstract":"Opioid Substitution Treatment (OST) is an established treatment for opioid dependence. In New Zealand, OST programmes are regu-lated by the Ministry of Health (2014) and Methadone and Buprenor- phine/Naloxone (Suboxone) are the primary medications. Retention on OST is a key indicator for stabilization of patients with opioid de- pendence. The purpose of the present research was to study dropout","PeriodicalId":439984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alcoholism, Drug Abuse and Substance Dependence","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125303039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-10DOI: 10.24966/adsd-9594/100007
Jennifer S. Harris
Trait dysregulation further complicates the experience of withdrawal in high frequency marijuana use. Understanding the role of affective, behavioral, and cognitive dysregulation in the perpetuation of substance use can better inform relapse prevention efforts.
{"title":"Marijuana Use Predicts Cannabis Withdrawal in Adolescents: A Model of Psychological Dysregulation","authors":"Jennifer S. Harris","doi":"10.24966/adsd-9594/100007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24966/adsd-9594/100007","url":null,"abstract":"Trait dysregulation further complicates the experience of withdrawal in high frequency marijuana use. Understanding the role of affective, behavioral, and cognitive dysregulation in the perpetuation of substance use can better inform relapse prevention efforts.","PeriodicalId":439984,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alcoholism, Drug Abuse and Substance Dependence","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125718845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：