Mario Batubara, Masa-yuki Yamamoto, Islam Hosni Hemdan Eldedsouki Hamama, Musthofa Lathif, Ibnu Fathrio
Thunderstorm activity on March 25, 2023 provided a unique opportunity to study the mechanism of lightning events on changes in air pressure. In particular, this event made it possible to study changes in air pressure during thunderstorms using various instruments. This paper presented comprehensive results of infrasound, satellite data, weather radar and weather measurements at the ground during the storm. Observations of lightning events were confirmed using observational data from the International Space Station's Lightning Imaging Sensor (ISS LIS). This work estimated three spectral percentile values on infrasonic sensor data, time series interpolation of standard meteorology profiles, weather radar reflectivity and total radiant energy of lightning from ISS LIS observations during the day and night periods. As a result, during the investigation, it was seen that the recorded infrasound signal in the 0.6–0.8 Hertz (Hz) range was contaminated by background environmental noise, but in the 1–3 Hz band range it was consistent with the appearance of storms that produce high energy blows. Infrasound detection and electromagnetic lightning detection show good correlation up to a distance of 100 km from the infrasonic station. During a thunderstorm, the ISS LIS flight directly above the observation site detected more than 2,000 lightning events. In addition, the application of lightning detection from several independent instruments can provide a complete picture of the observed event.
{"title":"Measurement and characterization of infrasound waves from the March 25, 2023 thunderstorm at the near equatorial","authors":"Mario Batubara, Masa-yuki Yamamoto, Islam Hosni Hemdan Eldedsouki Hamama, Musthofa Lathif, Ibnu Fathrio","doi":"10.3934/geosci.2023035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/geosci.2023035","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract> <p>Thunderstorm activity on March 25, 2023 provided a unique opportunity to study the mechanism of lightning events on changes in air pressure. In particular, this event made it possible to study changes in air pressure during thunderstorms using various instruments. This paper presented comprehensive results of infrasound, satellite data, weather radar and weather measurements at the ground during the storm. Observations of lightning events were confirmed using observational data from the International Space Station's Lightning Imaging Sensor (ISS LIS). This work estimated three spectral percentile values on infrasonic sensor data, time series interpolation of standard meteorology profiles, weather radar reflectivity and total radiant energy of lightning from ISS LIS observations during the day and night periods. As a result, during the investigation, it was seen that the recorded infrasound signal in the 0.6–0.8 Hertz (Hz) range was contaminated by background environmental noise, but in the 1–3 Hz band range it was consistent with the appearance of storms that produce high energy blows. Infrasound detection and electromagnetic lightning detection show good correlation up to a distance of 100 km from the infrasonic station. During a thunderstorm, the ISS LIS flight directly above the observation site detected more than 2,000 lightning events. In addition, the application of lightning detection from several independent instruments can provide a complete picture of the observed event.</p> </abstract>","PeriodicalId":43999,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Geosciences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135560617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is the Editorial of the Special Issue "Digital Education, Geography and Multidisciplinarity: Themes, Methods and Critical Issues". It explores some fundamental and theoretical issues on the interrelated subjects of digital education, geography and multidisciplinarity. More in particular, the article takes into account the manner in which this Special Issue of AIMS Geosciences reflects on links between the teaching/learning of geography (at any school/university level) and the digital world in a multidisciplinary perspective. That includes both the critical issues and the advantages in terms of sustainability and greater awareness of geographical phenomena, also in relation to cultural dynamics (e.g., migrations, urban transformations, development, geopolitics, tourism).
{"title":"Digital education, geography and multidisciplinarity: Themes, methods and critical issues","authors":"L. Mercatanti, Gaetano Sabato","doi":"10.3934/geosci.2023010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/geosci.2023010","url":null,"abstract":"The article is the Editorial of the Special Issue \"Digital Education, Geography and Multidisciplinarity: Themes, Methods and Critical Issues\". It explores some fundamental and theoretical issues on the interrelated subjects of digital education, geography and multidisciplinarity. More in particular, the article takes into account the manner in which this Special Issue of AIMS Geosciences reflects on links between the teaching/learning of geography (at any school/university level) and the digital world in a multidisciplinary perspective. That includes both the critical issues and the advantages in terms of sustainability and greater awareness of geographical phenomena, also in relation to cultural dynamics (e.g., migrations, urban transformations, development, geopolitics, tourism).","PeriodicalId":43999,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Geosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70250456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This contribution aims to connect to the reflection on the relationship between sustainability and urban spaces. From a theoretical point of view, cities have been represented as autopoietic spaces that fully embody the criticalities and dynamics of the Anthropocene and, as a consequence, that possess endogenous energies for regeneration. In this sense, Covid-19 broke into history and catalyzed the reflections and strategies of urban regeneration. Having clarified these aspects, the contribution, through analysis of official documents and the bibliography, intends to critically focus on the impact that the EU Next Generation Plan has on the dynamics of urban regeneration and sustainability and to address, as a case study, the transformative dynamics of the city of Amsterdam, already initiated before the pandemic.
{"title":"Cities and \"Postcovidcene\", an open challenge","authors":"G. Messina, E. Nicosia","doi":"10.3934/geosci.2023025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/geosci.2023025","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution aims to connect to the reflection on the relationship between sustainability and urban spaces. From a theoretical point of view, cities have been represented as autopoietic spaces that fully embody the criticalities and dynamics of the Anthropocene and, as a consequence, that possess endogenous energies for regeneration. In this sense, Covid-19 broke into history and catalyzed the reflections and strategies of urban regeneration. Having clarified these aspects, the contribution, through analysis of official documents and the bibliography, intends to critically focus on the impact that the EU Next Generation Plan has on the dynamics of urban regeneration and sustainability and to address, as a case study, the transformative dynamics of the city of Amsterdam, already initiated before the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":43999,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Geosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70251257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The environmental impact of deep underground coal mines using the longwall mining method is diverse, e.g., short- and long-term subsidence, damage to surface infrastructure, disturbance of the hydrogeological conditions, and the quality of groundwater and surface water. The study presented focusses on the long-term surface movements after the closure of an entire coal district. Due to the flooding of the underground infrastructure and rock mass, an upward surface movement or uplift is observed. For a specific site in the Campine coal district, Belgium results are presented of satellite data (radar-interferometry). However, the main aim of the study is to better understand the process of uplift and to determine the various mechanisms that are involved. For this purpose, an analytical framework was developed recently, and it was applied successfully in a relatively easy case. The case study of the paper is more challenging, but the usefulness of the analytical framework is clearly confirmed. The most important conclusions are that (i) the uplift is induced by an increase in water pressure after the closure, i.e., re-establishing the original hydraulic gradient, (ii) the expansion of both the goaf volumes and the volumes of the non-collapsed rock mass must be considered, and (iii) the assumption of a linear decrease of water pressure variation from the top to the bottom of the mined area at the end of the mining phase provides the most realistic results. However, the next step in the analysis should focus on a more advanced hydrogeological model of the complex underground environment.
{"title":"Impact of the closure of a coal district on the environmental issue of long-term surface movements","authors":"A. Vervoort","doi":"10.3934/geosci.2022019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/geosci.2022019","url":null,"abstract":"The environmental impact of deep underground coal mines using the longwall mining method is diverse, e.g., short- and long-term subsidence, damage to surface infrastructure, disturbance of the hydrogeological conditions, and the quality of groundwater and surface water. The study presented focusses on the long-term surface movements after the closure of an entire coal district. Due to the flooding of the underground infrastructure and rock mass, an upward surface movement or uplift is observed. For a specific site in the Campine coal district, Belgium results are presented of satellite data (radar-interferometry). However, the main aim of the study is to better understand the process of uplift and to determine the various mechanisms that are involved. For this purpose, an analytical framework was developed recently, and it was applied successfully in a relatively easy case. The case study of the paper is more challenging, but the usefulness of the analytical framework is clearly confirmed. The most important conclusions are that (i) the uplift is induced by an increase in water pressure after the closure, i.e., re-establishing the original hydraulic gradient, (ii) the expansion of both the goaf volumes and the volumes of the non-collapsed rock mass must be considered, and (iii) the assumption of a linear decrease of water pressure variation from the top to the bottom of the mined area at the end of the mining phase provides the most realistic results. However, the next step in the analysis should focus on a more advanced hydrogeological model of the complex underground environment.","PeriodicalId":43999,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Geosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70249644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Padé-Laplace technique consists of approximating impulse response relations by fitting the Laplace transforms of such relations as ratios of polynomials in the transform variable. This can be used to define "reduced models" that capture the dominant behaviour of more complex systems. This approach is illustrated by analysing various aspects of the carbon cycle and its connection to climate, providing a way to capture how the interactions depend on the timescales involved. The Padé-Laplace technique is used to relate descriptions of the carbon cycle in terms of impulse response functions versus descriptions in terms of feedbacks. It is also used to discuss the concept of CO$ _2 $-emission equivalence. A further example analyses the gain of the climate-carbon feedback loop. This is approximated with a simple parameterization that captures the results of more complex model results and shows that the gain on timescales of centuries is as much as 3 times the gain on decadal timescales. The scope for extensions to more general aspects of the carbon system, such as the distribution of radiocarbon, is noted along with other potential extensions of this approach.
pad -拉普拉斯技术包括通过拟合变换变量中多项式之比等关系的拉普拉斯变换来近似脉冲响应关系。这可以用来定义捕捉更复杂系统的主导行为的“简化模型”。这种方法通过分析碳循环的各个方面及其与气候的联系来说明，提供了一种捕捉相互作用如何依赖于所涉及的时间尺度的方法。pad -拉普拉斯技术被用来将碳循环的描述与脉冲响应函数的描述和反馈的描述联系起来。本文还讨论了CO$ _2 $-排放当量的概念。进一步的例子分析了气候-碳反馈循环的增益。这可以用一个简单的参数化来近似，该参数化捕获了更复杂模式结果的结果，并表明世纪时间尺度上的增益是十年时间尺度上增益的3倍。报告指出，扩展到碳系统更一般方面的范围，例如放射性碳的分布，以及这一方法的其他可能扩展。
{"title":"Response function analysis of carbon dioxide and climate using the Padé-Laplace technique","authors":"I. Enting","doi":"10.3934/geosci.2022020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/geosci.2022020","url":null,"abstract":"The Padé-Laplace technique consists of approximating impulse response relations by fitting the Laplace transforms of such relations as ratios of polynomials in the transform variable. This can be used to define \"reduced models\" that capture the dominant behaviour of more complex systems. This approach is illustrated by analysing various aspects of the carbon cycle and its connection to climate, providing a way to capture how the interactions depend on the timescales involved. The Padé-Laplace technique is used to relate descriptions of the carbon cycle in terms of impulse response functions versus descriptions in terms of feedbacks. It is also used to discuss the concept of CO$ _2 $-emission equivalence. A further example analyses the gain of the climate-carbon feedback loop. This is approximated with a simple parameterization that captures the results of more complex model results and shows that the gain on timescales of centuries is as much as 3 times the gain on decadal timescales. The scope for extensions to more general aspects of the carbon system, such as the distribution of radiocarbon, is noted along with other potential extensions of this approach.","PeriodicalId":43999,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Geosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70249655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. D. Sunkari, Basiru Mohammed Kore, Samuel Edem Kodzo Tetteh
This study investigated the petrographic and structural features of the Precambrian (Neoproterozoic) basement rocks of the Benin-Nigerian Shield that crop out in northwestern Nigeria within Kanoma and its environs to give an insight into the evolution and deformational episodes that pervaded them. The major rock types in the area are schists and quartzites, which have been intruded by granitic rocks that appear to be metamorphosed. The origin of these rocks is attributed to the Eburnean Precambrian orogenic episode and the Pan-African orogeny, which started and ended with the intrusion of the granite suites. The dominant mineralogy associated with the rock types includes quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase, microcline, biotite, chlorite, and very few accessory minerals. The schist shows the dominance of quartz, feldspars (alkali and plagioclase), biotite, muscovite, chlorite, and opaque minerals. The quartzite is typically dominated by quartz that appears recrystallized in places, whereas the meta-granite contains quartz, feldspars (alkali and plagioclase), biotite, and opaque minerals. Structural features such as joints, quartz veins with minor folds, and faults observed in the lithological units have a predominant N-S trend and are the imprints of the last tectonic event (Pan-African orogeny). The level of deformation in Kanoma led to the development of N to NNE trending moderately (S1) to steeply (S2) dipping foliations in the schist. The evolution of these deformational mechanisms from moderately dipping foliations to steeply dipping foliations along the N to NNE- trend is associated with late orogenic uplift and exhumation following oblique convergence during the Pan-African orogeny. Structural overprinting relations recognized within Kanoma and its environs allow us to decipher the geologic structures into three successive Pan-African deformational events (D1–D3). D1 fabrics are manifested by simple anticline micro folds in the schist. The D2 structures are the predominant ones in the area comprising the N-S directional joints and faults. The D3 phase of deformation is a progressive one, which started as N-S high angle thrusts and thrust-related folds that resulted from the NE–SW contraction during the orogenic episodes. The studied rocks can be correlated with the Pan-African and Brasiliano belts based on their overlapping features.
{"title":"Petrography and structural features of the Precambrian basement rocks in the Benin-Nigerian Shield, NW Nigeria: Implications for their correlation with South Atlantic Precambrian terranes","authors":"E. D. Sunkari, Basiru Mohammed Kore, Samuel Edem Kodzo Tetteh","doi":"10.3934/geosci.2022028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/geosci.2022028","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the petrographic and structural features of the Precambrian (Neoproterozoic) basement rocks of the Benin-Nigerian Shield that crop out in northwestern Nigeria within Kanoma and its environs to give an insight into the evolution and deformational episodes that pervaded them. The major rock types in the area are schists and quartzites, which have been intruded by granitic rocks that appear to be metamorphosed. The origin of these rocks is attributed to the Eburnean Precambrian orogenic episode and the Pan-African orogeny, which started and ended with the intrusion of the granite suites. The dominant mineralogy associated with the rock types includes quartz, orthoclase, plagioclase, microcline, biotite, chlorite, and very few accessory minerals. The schist shows the dominance of quartz, feldspars (alkali and plagioclase), biotite, muscovite, chlorite, and opaque minerals. The quartzite is typically dominated by quartz that appears recrystallized in places, whereas the meta-granite contains quartz, feldspars (alkali and plagioclase), biotite, and opaque minerals. Structural features such as joints, quartz veins with minor folds, and faults observed in the lithological units have a predominant N-S trend and are the imprints of the last tectonic event (Pan-African orogeny). The level of deformation in Kanoma led to the development of N to NNE trending moderately (S1) to steeply (S2) dipping foliations in the schist. The evolution of these deformational mechanisms from moderately dipping foliations to steeply dipping foliations along the N to NNE- trend is associated with late orogenic uplift and exhumation following oblique convergence during the Pan-African orogeny. Structural overprinting relations recognized within Kanoma and its environs allow us to decipher the geologic structures into three successive Pan-African deformational events (D1–D3). D1 fabrics are manifested by simple anticline micro folds in the schist. The D2 structures are the predominant ones in the area comprising the N-S directional joints and faults. The D3 phase of deformation is a progressive one, which started as N-S high angle thrusts and thrust-related folds that resulted from the NE–SW contraction during the orogenic episodes. The studied rocks can be correlated with the Pan-African and Brasiliano belts based on their overlapping features.","PeriodicalId":43999,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Geosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70249847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The anti-seismic support and hanger are firmly connected to the building structure and are anti-seismic support equipment with seismic force as the main load. Real-time and accurate acquisition of the service status of the seismic support and hanger to check and judge whether the seismic support and hanger are in a normal working state is of great significance for practical engineering applications. In this paper, based on distributed sensor technology, a set of intelligent monitoring systems for seismic support and hanger of buildings is established. The sensing equipment installed on the seismic support and hanger senses the signal, and then the data collection, storage and processing are used to accurately judge the seismic support and hanger. Service performance status. To effectively fuse multi-source data in distributed sensor environment, an improved method based on wavelet and neural network data fusion is proposed. Compared with the existing methods, the experimental results show that the proposed method has good robustness. Besides, it has better performance in building seismic multi-source monitoring data fusion and is less affected by the data overlap ratio.
{"title":"Distributed sensors and neural network driven building earthquake resistance mechanism","authors":"Pingping Chen, Mingyang Qi, Long Chen","doi":"10.3934/geosci.2022040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/geosci.2022040","url":null,"abstract":"The anti-seismic support and hanger are firmly connected to the building structure and are anti-seismic support equipment with seismic force as the main load. Real-time and accurate acquisition of the service status of the seismic support and hanger to check and judge whether the seismic support and hanger are in a normal working state is of great significance for practical engineering applications. In this paper, based on distributed sensor technology, a set of intelligent monitoring systems for seismic support and hanger of buildings is established. The sensing equipment installed on the seismic support and hanger senses the signal, and then the data collection, storage and processing are used to accurately judge the seismic support and hanger. Service performance status. To effectively fuse multi-source data in distributed sensor environment, an improved method based on wavelet and neural network data fusion is proposed. Compared with the existing methods, the experimental results show that the proposed method has good robustness. Besides, it has better performance in building seismic multi-source monitoring data fusion and is less affected by the data overlap ratio.","PeriodicalId":43999,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Geosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70250190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Hamersley Province in the northwest of Western Australia contains extensive banded iron formations (BIFs) and large hematite-goethite deposits. Density information of rocks and ores in this region has been scarce. This study reports the results of a systematic density investigations based on more than eight hundred density datasets in the province. This study not only provides a better understanding of density distribution of the rocks and ores in the province, but also allows forward gravity modeling over the known iron-ore deposits to be conducted for exploring the usefulness and effectiveness of gravity surveys for detecting concealed iron-ore deposits in the region. This should have a significant impact on iron-ore mining in the province as the outcropped ores have been mined for over 40 years in the province and the future targets are likely the concealed deposits below the surface. The analysis shows a clear density contrast around 1.0 g/cm3 between the Brockman iron ores and the host BIFs, which should generate clear positive net gravity anomalies over buried large iron-ore deposits. However, porous goethite ores hosted in the Marra Mamba BIFs have an average density of about 2.8 g/cm3 due to porosity about 30–40% in the ores. A density contrast of −0.5 g/cm3 may exist between the goethite ores and BIFs, which would produce net negative gravity anomalies over the deposits. Since most goethite deposits are layered consistently with the host rocks and associated with broad folds, the net gravity anomaly of an orebody itself may generally have the similar shape to the corresponding BIF bedrock. This implies that gravity surveys may be able to detect paleochannels which host the goethite ores, rather than directly detecting the orebody.
{"title":"Density investigation and implications for exploring iron-ore deposits using gravity method in the Hamersley Province, Western Australia","authors":"W. Guo","doi":"10.3934/geosci.2023003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/geosci.2023003","url":null,"abstract":"The Hamersley Province in the northwest of Western Australia contains extensive banded iron formations (BIFs) and large hematite-goethite deposits. Density information of rocks and ores in this region has been scarce. This study reports the results of a systematic density investigations based on more than eight hundred density datasets in the province. This study not only provides a better understanding of density distribution of the rocks and ores in the province, but also allows forward gravity modeling over the known iron-ore deposits to be conducted for exploring the usefulness and effectiveness of gravity surveys for detecting concealed iron-ore deposits in the region. This should have a significant impact on iron-ore mining in the province as the outcropped ores have been mined for over 40 years in the province and the future targets are likely the concealed deposits below the surface. The analysis shows a clear density contrast around 1.0 g/cm3 between the Brockman iron ores and the host BIFs, which should generate clear positive net gravity anomalies over buried large iron-ore deposits. However, porous goethite ores hosted in the Marra Mamba BIFs have an average density of about 2.8 g/cm3 due to porosity about 30–40% in the ores. A density contrast of −0.5 g/cm3 may exist between the goethite ores and BIFs, which would produce net negative gravity anomalies over the deposits. Since most goethite deposits are layered consistently with the host rocks and associated with broad folds, the net gravity anomaly of an orebody itself may generally have the similar shape to the corresponding BIF bedrock. This implies that gravity surveys may be able to detect paleochannels which host the goethite ores, rather than directly detecting the orebody.","PeriodicalId":43999,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Geosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70250285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Epidemiological and environmental studies demonstrated that the rate of cancer mortality in the Acerra area, better known as "Triangle of Death", and, more in general, in the Neapolitan metropolitan territory are higher than the regional average values. In the "Triangle of Death" the higher rate of mortality has been mostly related to the presence of toxic wastes illegally buried in agricultural areas which have been contaminating soils and groundwater for decades. Thus, collecting a total of 154 samples over an area of about 100 km2, a detailed study was carried out to assess the geochemical-environmental conditions of soils aiming at defining the environmental hazard proceeding from 15 potentially toxic elements (PTEs), 9 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 14 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) related with soil contamination. The study was also targeted at discriminating the contamination sources of these pollutants. Results showed that 9 PTEs, 5 PAHs and 6 OCPs are featured by concentrations higher than the guideline values established by the Italian Environmental laws, especially in the proximities of inhabited centers and industrial areas. The contamination source analysis revealed that, as regards the concentrations of chemical elements, they have a dual origin due to both the natural composition of the soils (Co-Fe-V-Tl-Be) and the pressure exerted on the environment by anthropic activities such as vehicular traffic (Pb-Zn-Sb-Sn) and agricultural practices (Cu-P). As far as organic compounds are concerned, the source of hydrocarbons can be mainly attributed to the combustion of biomass (i.e., grass, wood and coal), while for pesticides, although the use of some of them has been prohibited in Italy since the 1980s, it has been found that they are still widely used by local farmers.
{"title":"Assessing contamination sources and environmental hazards for potentially toxic elements and organic compounds in the soils of a heavily anthropized area: the case study of the Acerra plain (Southern Italy)","authors":"S. Albanese, A. Guarino","doi":"10.3934/geosci.2022030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/geosci.2022030","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemiological and environmental studies demonstrated that the rate of cancer mortality in the Acerra area, better known as \"Triangle of Death\", and, more in general, in the Neapolitan metropolitan territory are higher than the regional average values. In the \"Triangle of Death\" the higher rate of mortality has been mostly related to the presence of toxic wastes illegally buried in agricultural areas which have been contaminating soils and groundwater for decades. Thus, collecting a total of 154 samples over an area of about 100 km2, a detailed study was carried out to assess the geochemical-environmental conditions of soils aiming at defining the environmental hazard proceeding from 15 potentially toxic elements (PTEs), 9 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 14 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) related with soil contamination. The study was also targeted at discriminating the contamination sources of these pollutants. Results showed that 9 PTEs, 5 PAHs and 6 OCPs are featured by concentrations higher than the guideline values established by the Italian Environmental laws, especially in the proximities of inhabited centers and industrial areas. The contamination source analysis revealed that, as regards the concentrations of chemical elements, they have a dual origin due to both the natural composition of the soils (Co-Fe-V-Tl-Be) and the pressure exerted on the environment by anthropic activities such as vehicular traffic (Pb-Zn-Sb-Sn) and agricultural practices (Cu-P). As far as organic compounds are concerned, the source of hydrocarbons can be mainly attributed to the combustion of biomass (i.e., grass, wood and coal), while for pesticides, although the use of some of them has been prohibited in Italy since the 1980s, it has been found that they are still widely used by local farmers.","PeriodicalId":43999,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Geosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70249921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pezhman Soltani Tehrani, Hamzeh Ghorbani, S. Lajmorak, Omid Molaei, Ahmed E. Radwan, Saeed Parvizi Ghaleh
Polymers have been used for many years to control the mobility of injected water and increase the rate of oil extraction from unconventional reservoirs. Polymer flossing improves the volume of the broom, reduces the finger effect, creates channels, and delays water breakage. The combination of these processes has the potential to increase oil production and reduce production costs. To carry out this process, various polymers are used alone or in combination with surfactants and alkalis. In this study, a new type of polymer called FLOPPAM 3630 has been used to investigate the overload of very heavy oil reservoirs. For this purpose, six polymer solutions with different concentrations were made, and stability tests on shear rate, time, and temperature were performed. The polymer's stability results indicate that it is stable under other shear rate, temperature, and time passage conditions. As a result, this polymer is a suitable candidate for conducting silicification tests in reservoir temperature conditions. Then three more suitable polymer solutions were selected, and the polymer was polished. The results showed that the solution with a concentration of 1000 ppm has the best yield of about 40%. The reason for the good efficiency of this concentration is that the surface and vertical sweepers are higher than the other concentrations. Also, the difference in efficiency between less than 1000 and 2000 ppm is greater because it is more economical, and its injectability is easier to use with less concentration. Furthermore, the oil efficiency of this type of polymer in sandblasting is higher than that of other polymers tested under these conditions, making its use more economical.
{"title":"Laboratory study of polymer injection into heavy oil unconventional reservoirs to enhance oil recovery and determination of optimal injection concentration","authors":"Pezhman Soltani Tehrani, Hamzeh Ghorbani, S. Lajmorak, Omid Molaei, Ahmed E. Radwan, Saeed Parvizi Ghaleh","doi":"10.3934/geosci.2022031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/geosci.2022031","url":null,"abstract":"Polymers have been used for many years to control the mobility of injected water and increase the rate of oil extraction from unconventional reservoirs. Polymer flossing improves the volume of the broom, reduces the finger effect, creates channels, and delays water breakage. The combination of these processes has the potential to increase oil production and reduce production costs. To carry out this process, various polymers are used alone or in combination with surfactants and alkalis. In this study, a new type of polymer called FLOPPAM 3630 has been used to investigate the overload of very heavy oil reservoirs. For this purpose, six polymer solutions with different concentrations were made, and stability tests on shear rate, time, and temperature were performed. The polymer's stability results indicate that it is stable under other shear rate, temperature, and time passage conditions. As a result, this polymer is a suitable candidate for conducting silicification tests in reservoir temperature conditions. Then three more suitable polymer solutions were selected, and the polymer was polished. The results showed that the solution with a concentration of 1000 ppm has the best yield of about 40%. The reason for the good efficiency of this concentration is that the surface and vertical sweepers are higher than the other concentrations. Also, the difference in efficiency between less than 1000 and 2000 ppm is greater because it is more economical, and its injectability is easier to use with less concentration. Furthermore, the oil efficiency of this type of polymer in sandblasting is higher than that of other polymers tested under these conditions, making its use more economical.","PeriodicalId":43999,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Geosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70249932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号