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Using Public Company Filings to Plan the Audit and Perform Risk Assessment Procedures 使用上市公司文件计划审计和执行风险评估程序
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.2308/CIIA-52472
Lauren M. Cunningham, Joleen Kremin, Amanda D. Warren
This project gives student groups the opportunity to research and analyze publicly available information in the context of audit planning and risk assessment for a publicly traded company. Students simulate an audit team environment and deliver a summary audit-planning memo, risk assessment analytical procedures, and a video presentation in which each audit team presents its findings to the “audit partner.” This project accomplishes several important learning objectives, including (1) familiarizing students with the SEC's EDGAR database and other public sources of company data; (2) fostering students' research and critical-thinking skills; and (3) improving students' understanding of the risk assessment process. This project uses free, publicly available information to achieve these objectives, and the project can be easily modified for subsequent classes by requiring students to utilize the most recent year's filings when completing the project. The project is appropriate for undergraduate or graduate auditing students.
该项目为学生团体提供了在上市公司审计规划和风险评估背景下研究和分析公开信息的机会。学生们模拟审计团队的环境,并提交一份总结审计计划备忘录、风险评估分析程序和视频演示,每个审计团队在视频演示中向“审计伙伴”展示其调查结果。该项目实现了几个重要的学习目标,包括(1)让学生熟悉SEC的EDGAR数据库和公司数据的其他公共来源;(2) 培养学生的研究和批判性思维能力;(3)提高学生对风险评估过程的理解。该项目使用免费、公开的信息来实现这些目标,通过要求学生在完成项目时使用最近一年的文件,可以很容易地为后续课程修改该项目。该项目适用于审计专业的本科生或研究生。
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引用次数: 0
Initial Evidence of U.S. Audit Partner Identification in Form AP Shows Limited Impact on Audit Quality AP表格中美国审计合作伙伴识别的初步证据显示对审计质量的影响有限
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.2308/CIIA-52431
Lauren M. Cunningham, Sarah E. Stein, Nicole S. Wright
This article summarizes a study (Cunningham, Li, Stein, and Wright 2019) in which we examine the initial impact of Form AP partner disclosure on audit quality. One difficulty with studying the effect of Form AP is that general time trends likely occurred even in the absence of partner disclosure. Our study addresses this concern by comparing two groups of audits: those experiencing partner name disclosure for the first time (treatment) and those not subject to the same shock (control). If Form AP was effective at driving immediate improvement in audit quality, any change for the treatment group should be greater than the control group. We conclude that audit quality appears to improve year-over-year; however, significant differences do not exist between these two groups in most of our tests, suggesting that partner disclosure does not explain these general trends. Further research is necessary to evaluate other potential impacts of Form AP.
本文总结了一项研究(Cunningham,Li,Stein,and Wright 2019),在该研究中,我们考察了Form AP合伙人披露对审计质量的初步影响。研究表AP的影响的一个困难是,即使在没有合伙人披露的情况下,一般的时间趋势也可能发生。我们的研究通过比较两组审计来解决这一问题:第一次经历伴侣姓名披露的审计(治疗)和没有受到同样冲击的审计(对照)。如果Form AP能够有效地推动审计质量的即时改善,那么治疗组的任何变化都应该大于对照组。我们得出的结论是,审计质量似乎逐年提高;然而,在我们的大多数测试中,这两组人之间并不存在显著差异,这表明伴侣披露并不能解释这些总体趋势。有必要进行进一步的研究,以评估Form AP的其他潜在影响。
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引用次数: 2
Accounting and Cybersecurity Risk Management 会计和网络安全风险管理
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.2308/CIIA-52419
Tim V. Eaton, Jonathan H. Grenier, D. Layman
As the number of cybersecurity incidents continue to rise and stakeholders are becoming increasingly concerned, companies are devoting considerable resources to their cybersecurity risk management efforts and related cybersecurity disclosures. This paper describes how accountants are uniquely positioned to assist companies with these efforts in advisory and assurance capacities. We present a model of effective cybersecurity risk management and discuss how accountants' core competencies can add significant value in each of the model's five stages. In addition, we use several recent high-profile cybersecurity incidents as illustrative examples in each of the five stages. We conclude by discussing implications for accountants.
随着网络安全事件的数量不断增加,利益相关者越来越关注,公司正在投入大量资源进行网络安全风险管理工作和相关的网络安全披露。本文描述了会计师如何独特的定位,以协助公司在咨询和保证能力这些努力。我们提出了一个有效的网络安全风险管理模型,并讨论了会计师的核心能力如何在模型的五个阶段中增加显著价值。此外,我们使用了最近几个备受瞩目的网络安全事件作为五个阶段的说明性例子。最后,我们将讨论对会计师的影响。
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引用次数: 16
PCAOB Form AP: Leveraging Information about Audit Personnel PCAOB表格AP:利用审计人员信息
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.2308/CIIA-52398
D. Downey, Linette M. Rousseau, Karla M. Zehms
The PCAOB's Form AP (audit personnel) includes the identity of the engagement partner, an indication of whether the audit report is dual-dated, and an indication of whether and to what extent other auditors participate in the engagement (in addition to the primary auditor). We review the nature of this information and prior literature relevant to audit partner identification, dual-dating, and involvement of other auditors as part of distributed audits, along with posing research questions and providing relevant instructional resources. Practitioners can use this information to garner insights from academic research on these important topics as they relate to their own audits. Academics can use this information to leverage the PCAOB's Form AP database in their research. Academics can also use the brief teaching resources to introduce the PCAOB's resources in this regard to students.
PCAOB的AP表(审计人员)包括审计业务合伙人的身份、审计报告是否具有双重日期的指示,以及其他审计师(除主要审计师外)是否参与审计业务以及在多大程度上参与审计业务的指示。作为分布式审计的一部分,我们审查了这些信息的性质以及与审计伙伴识别、双重约会和其他审计师参与相关的先前文献,同时提出了研究问题并提供了相关的指导资源。从业者可以利用这些信息从与自己的审计相关的这些重要主题的学术研究中获得见解。学术界可以利用这些信息在他们的研究中利用PCAOB的Form AP数据库。学术界也可以利用简短的教学资源向学生介绍PCAOB在这方面的资源。
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引用次数: 4
The Influence of Auditor Quality and Executive Compensation Structure on Financial Reporting Executives' Restatement Decisions in a Clawback Environment 审计质量和高管薪酬结构对回补环境下财务报告高管重述决策的影响
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.2308/CIIA-52397
Jonathan S. Pyzoha, J. G. Jenkins
Based on a recent SEC proposal, publicly traded companies will be required to adopt a clawback in accordance with the Dodd-Frank Act. In response, firms have been voluntarily adopting clawbacks at an increasing rate. Prior research finds one benefit of voluntarily adopting a clawback is a decrease in restatements. A recent study by Pyzoha (2015) uses an experiment to further investigate restatements in a clawback environment by studying executives' restatement decisions based on auditor quality and executive compensation structure. Results show there may be an unintended consequence of clawbacks that partially offsets the aforementioned benefit. The study finds executives are less likely to agree with restating financial statements when their pay consists of a higher percentage of incentives and there is a lower quality auditor. Importantly, the study shows this tendency is reduced with a higher quality auditor. This article summarizes the study's motivation, research method, results, and practical implications.
根据美国证交会最近的一项提案,上市公司将被要求根据《多德-弗兰克法案》(Dodd-Frank Act)采取一项追回措施。作为回应,企业一直在以越来越快的速度主动采取追回措施。先前的研究发现,自愿采用抵扣的一个好处是减少重述。Pyzoha(2015)最近的一项研究通过实验研究了基于审计师素质和高管薪酬结构的高管重述决策,进一步研究了追回环境下的重述。结果表明,可能有一个意想不到的后果,收回部分抵消了上述的好处。研究发现,当高管们的薪酬中包含较高比例的激励,且审计师的质量较低时,他们不太可能同意重述财务报表。重要的是,研究表明,审计师的质量越高,这种趋势就越少。本文总结了本研究的研究动机、研究方法、结果和现实意义。
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引用次数: 0
Profiling Membership in the PCAOB's Standing Advisory Group PCAOB常设咨询小组成员简介
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.2308/CIIA-52382
Kelsey R. Brasel, L. T. Williams
The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) appoints an advisory group known as the Standing Advisory Group (SAG) to provide input on the relevance and appropriateness of its standard-setting agenda. Throughout the year, the PCAOB convenes meetings where the SAG opines on the direction of authoritative guidance on behalf of constituent groups. Our descriptive study provides an overview of the SAG's composition and role in standard-setting and succinctly describes the group members' professional experience since its inception in 2004. Specifically, we examine to what extent the PCAOB assembles the advisory group in consideration of the requirements of the Federal Advisory Committee Act of 1972 (FACA), which mandates appropriate constituent representation on governmental advisory boards. We find that although the PCAOB is not required to meet the requirements of the FACA, the SAG appears to represent an appropriate level and variety of professional experience consistent with other governmental advisory boards. Data Availability: Publicly available.
上市公司会计监督委员会(PCAOB)任命了一个被称为常设咨询小组(SAG)的咨询小组,就其准则制定议程的相关性和适当性提供意见。全年,PCAOB召开会议,SAG代表组成团体就权威指导的方向发表意见。我们的描述性研究概述了SAG的组成和在标准制定中的作用,并简明地描述了自2004年成立以来该组织成员的专业经验。具体而言,我们考察了PCAOB在多大程度上根据1972年《联邦咨询委员会法》(FACA)的要求组建咨询小组,该法规定在政府咨询委员会中有适当的组成代表。我们发现,尽管PCAOB不需要满足FACA的要求,但SAG似乎代表了与其他政府咨询委员会一致的适当水平和各种专业经验。数据可用性:公开可用。
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引用次数: 2
A Primer for Information Technology General Control Considerations on a Private and Permissioned Blockchain Audit 私人和许可区块链审计的信息技术一般控制注意事项入门
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.2308/CIIA-52356
Mark D. Sheldon
Blockchain is a disruptive technology that offers advantages to the audit profession such as transparency into all transactions, an immutable ledger, and the potential for real-time auditing. However, to realize these benefits, the profession must be prepared to gain comfort over blockchains as a component of organizations' information technology infrastructure. This paper considers risks to private and permissioned blockchains through the lens of information technology general controls (ITGCs) as part of an audit of internal control over financial reporting. I discuss new ITGC areas of focus for auditors to consider, along with areas of risk that blockchain could eliminate. To help readers better understand this emerging topic, I provide illustrations, a summary table of key points, and a glossary of blockchain-related terms used throughout the paper. This paper should be viewed as a primer of ITGC considerations on blockchain audits, as more nuanced concerns will emerge as the technology evolves.
区块链是一项颠覆性技术,为审计行业提供了许多优势,例如所有交易的透明度、不可变的分类账以及实时审计的潜力。然而,为了实现这些好处,该行业必须准备好将区块链作为组织信息技术基础设施的组成部分。本文通过信息技术一般控制(itgc)的角度考虑私有和许可区块链的风险,作为财务报告内部控制审计的一部分。我讨论了审计人员需要考虑的新的ITGC重点领域,以及区块链可以消除的风险领域。为了帮助读者更好地理解这一新兴主题,我提供了插图、关键点汇总表以及整篇论文中使用的区块链相关术语词汇表。本文应被视为ITGC对区块链审计考虑的基础,因为随着技术的发展,将出现更多细微的问题。
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引用次数: 51
A Current Evaluation of Independence as a Foundational Element of the Auditing Profession in the United States 当前对独立性的评价是美国审计职业的基本要素
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.2308/CIIA-52357
J. G. Jenkins, Jonathan D. Stanley
This paper summarizes '“Auditor Independence in the United States: Cornerstone of the Profession or Thorn in Our Side?”' (Church, Jenkins, and Stanley 2018). Their paper maintains that while the concept of independence is theoretically appealing, it is fraught with practical problems. Church et al. (2018) analyze the current oversight of auditor independence in the U.S. and the need for auditor independence from the perspective of various parties involved in the financial reporting process. In doing so, the paper discusses implications and challenges affecting one or more of these parties. Finally, Church et al. (2018) evaluate alternatives to the current regulatory approach of prohibiting various auditor client relationships to manage auditor independence. The paper concludes that increasing audit committees' responsibilities for monitoring auditor independence, along with additional disclosure about threats and safeguards to auditor independence, is worthy of further discussion and debate as a path toward addressing the auditor independence conundrum.
本文总结了“美国审计师的独立性:职业的基石还是我们身边的荆棘?”(Church,Jenkins,and Stanley,2018)。他们的论文认为,虽然独立的概念在理论上很有吸引力,但它充满了实际问题。Church等人(2018)从财务报告过程中各方的角度分析了美国目前对审计师独立性的监督以及审计师独立性需求。在此过程中,本文讨论了影响其中一方或多方的影响和挑战。最后,Church等人(2018)评估了禁止各种审计师与客户关系以管理审计师独立性的现行监管方法的替代方案。论文的结论是,增加审计委员会监督审计师独立性的责任,以及对审计师独立性威胁和保障的额外披露,作为解决审计师独立性难题的途径,值得进一步讨论和辩论。
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引用次数: 9
Taking on Too Much, Too Soon? An Exploration of Experiential Learning of Novice Auditors in an Offshoring Setting 承担太多,太快?离岸环境下新手审计师体验式学习的探索
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.2308/CIIA-52330
Velina K. Popova, Nicole S. Wright
Outsourcing and offshoring have become common practice among audit firms and have introduced dynamic changes to the experiences of novice auditors. Tasks once performed by novice auditors are now performed by firm members outside the core audit team, which in turn frees up novice auditors to perform different types of tasks. We utilize a 2 × 2 mixed design to manipulate the task type and the order in which tasks are performed to answer questions about knowledge acquisition among novice auditors. We examine accuracy on a confirmations task and sequential learning experienced by novice auditors. Our results show that the type of experience is important to novice auditors' performance as is the order in which these experiences occur. Based on our findings, we provide recommendations for improving novice auditors training and on the job experience in the changing environment of audits.
外包和离岸外包已成为审计公司的普遍做法,并给审计新手的经验带来了动态变化。曾经由新审计人员执行的任务现在由核心审计团队以外的公司成员执行,这反过来又使新审计人员可以执行不同类型的任务。我们利用2 × 2混合设计来操纵任务类型和执行任务的顺序,以回答新手审计师关于知识获取的问题。我们检查的准确性确认任务和顺序学习经验的新手审计师。我们的研究结果表明,经验的类型和这些经验发生的顺序对新审计师的绩效很重要。基于我们的研究结果,我们提出了在不断变化的审计环境中改进新审计师培训和工作经验的建议。
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引用次数: 2
The Effects of Supervisor Coaching and Workplace Mindfulness on Audit Quality-Threatening Behavior among Staff Auditors 主管培训和工作场所正念对员工审计质量威胁行为的影响
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.2308/CIIA-52324
David N. Herda, Nathan H. Cannon, R. Young
This article summarizes a recent academic study (Herda, Cannon, and Young 2019) that investigates the effects of supervisor coaching and staff auditors' workplace mindfulness on premature sign-off—a serious audit quality-threatening behavior that can go undetected through the review process. Our study predicts and finds that staff auditors who are coached by supervisors to consider the impact of their work on external financial statement users are more mindful (i.e., more attentive and aware) during an audit and less likely to engage in premature sign-off. The results highlight the importance of workplace mindfulness in an audit environment and suggest that supervisor coaching is a practical technique to elicit workplace mindfulness among staff-level auditors.
这篇文章总结了最近的一项学术研究(Herda,Cannon,and Young 2019),该研究调查了主管辅导和员工审计员的工作场所正念对过早签字的影响,过早签字是一种严重的审计质量威胁行为,在审查过程中可能未被发现。我们的研究预测并发现,在主管的指导下考虑其工作对外部财务报表用户的影响的审计人员在审计期间会更加注意(即更加注意和意识到),不太可能过早签字。研究结果强调了工作场所正念在审计环境中的重要性,并表明主管辅导是在员工级审计师中引发工作场所正意识的一种实用技术。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Current Issues in Auditing
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