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How Fraud Risk Decomposition Affects Auditors' Fraud Risk Assessments 舞弊风险分解对审计人员舞弊风险评估的影响
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.2308/ciia-52723
Chad A. Simon, Jason L. Smith, Mark F. Zimbelman
In this paper, we provide a practitioner summary of our paper ‘‘The Influence of Judgment Decomposition on Auditors’ Fraud Risk Assessments: Some Trade-Offs’’ (Simon, Smith, and Zimbelman 2018). In that study, we investigate potential unintended consequences from current auditing guidance on risk assessments. Specifically, auditing standards recommend separate assessments of the likelihood and magnitude of risks (hereafter, LM decomposition) when auditors assess risk. Our study involved several experiments, including one with experienced auditors, where we found evidence that LM decomposition leads auditors to be less concerned about high-risk fraud schemes relative to auditors who make holistic risk assessments. Our other experiments involved nonauditing settings and replicated this finding while exploring potential explanations for it. After providing a summary of our study and its results, we offer concluding remarks on the potential implications of our findings.
在本文中,我们对我们的论文“判断分解对审计师欺诈风险评估的影响:一些权衡”(Simon, Smith, and Zimbelman 2018)提供了从业者总结。在该研究中,我们调查了当前审计指南对风险评估的潜在意外后果。具体来说,审计准则建议在审计人员评估风险时对风险的可能性和程度进行单独评估(下文称为LM分解)。我们的研究涉及了几个实验,其中包括一个有经验的审计员,在那里我们发现了证据,LM分解导致审计员相对于进行整体风险评估的审计员更少关注高风险欺诈计划。我们的其他实验涉及非审计设置,并在探索其潜在解释的同时复制了这一发现。在总结了我们的研究及其结果之后,我们对我们的发现的潜在含义进行了总结。
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引用次数: 1
Big 4 Alumni's Attitudes and Behavior Toward their Former Firm 四大校友对前公司的态度和行为
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.2308/ciia-52642
Nathan H. Cannon, David N. Herda, Thomas M. Puffer
This article summarizes a recently published academic study (Cannon, Herda, and Puffer 2019) that examines factors associated with Big 4 alumni's proclivity to benefit their former firm by recommending the firm to others as a potential service provider or employer (i.e., post-employment citizenship). Based on social exchange theory, our study predicts and finds that alumni who perceive their firm treated them fairly and supported them during their time with the firm are more committed to the firm, and therefore more likely to engage in post-employment citizenship. Although we find that firm commitment decreases after individuals exit the firm, our results suggest that the firm's alumni outreach efforts (both formal and informal) can help soften this decline. Practical implications for audit firms are discussed.
本文总结了最近发表的一项学术研究(Cannon, Herda, and Puffer 2019),该研究调查了与四大校友倾向相关的因素,即通过向他人推荐公司作为潜在的服务提供商或雇主(即离职后的公民身份),从而使他们的前公司受益。基于社会交换理论,我们的研究预测并发现,那些认为公司在他们任职期间公平对待和支持他们的校友对公司更忠诚,因此更有可能从事离职后的公民活动。尽管我们发现,在个人离开公司后,公司的忠诚度会下降,但我们的研究结果表明,公司的校友拓展工作(包括正式的和非正式的)可以帮助缓和这种下降。讨论了对审计事务所的实际影响。
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引用次数: 1
Bank Audit Fee Pressure During the Financial Crisis 金融危机期间的银行审计费用压力
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.2308/ciia-52643
C. Porter
This study examines the pressure on bank audit fees during the height of the financial crisis. I employ a prior year benchmark audit fee method and compare it to the actual audit fee to determine the amount of fee pressure applied in a year. Results show a significant amount of fee pressure exerted upon bank auditors during 2008, more so than that found in studies of other industries. This study also investigates a bank specific fee model during the crisis finding differences in determinants of fees for those banks that did apply fee pressure. JEL Classifications: M42.
本研究考察了金融危机最严重时期银行审计费用的压力。我采用上一年的基准审计费用方法,并将其与实际审计费用进行比较,以确定一年内应用的费用压力大小。结果显示,2008年银行审计人员承受了巨大的费用压力,比其他行业的研究发现的压力更大。本研究还调查了危机期间银行特定的收费模式,发现那些确实施加了收费压力的银行的收费决定因素存在差异。JEL分类:M42。
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引用次数: 2
When Does Utilizing Valuation Specialists Reduce Auditors' Litigation Risk? 何时利用估值专家降低审计师的诉讼风险?
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.2308/ciia-52674
J. O. Brown, Jonathan H. Grenier, Jonathan S. Pyzoha, Andrew Reffett, Natalie Zielinski
This article summarizes “The Effects of Specialist Type and Estimate Aggressiveness on Juror Judgments of Auditor Negligence” (Brown, Grenier, Pyzoha, and Reffett 2019), which examines two critical factors auditors consider when auditing complex estimates: type of specialist to engage and relative estimate aggressiveness. In an experiment involving an alleged audit failure, jurors were less likely to find auditors negligent when the auditors consulted with a valuation specialist, but only when managements' estimate was more aggressive. The study does not find similar litigation benefits of using a specialist for a less aggressive estimate. A second experiment extended these results by demonstrating that jurors were less likely to find auditors negligent when the auditors consulted with an external rather than an internal specialist. Further, the benefits of using an external specialist extended to auditors who initially engaged an internal specialist and brought in an external specialist to review the internal specialist's work.
本文总结了“专家类型和估计攻击性对陪审员对审计师疏忽判断的影响”(Brown,Grenier,Pyzoha,and Reffett 2019),其中考察了审计师在审计复杂估计时考虑的两个关键因素:参与的专家类型和相对估计攻击性。在一项涉及所谓审计失败的实验中,当审计师咨询估值专家时,陪审员不太可能发现审计师疏忽,但只有当管理层的估计更激进时。该研究没有发现使用专家进行不那么激进的估计会带来类似的诉讼效益。第二个实验扩展了这些结果,证明当审计师咨询外部专家而不是内部专家时,陪审员不太可能发现审计师疏忽大意。此外,聘请外部专家的好处也适用于最初聘请内部专家并聘请外部专家审查内部专家工作的审计师。
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引用次数: 1
PRACTITIONER SUMMARY How Fraud Risk Decomposition Affects Auditors' Fraud Risk Assessments 从业者总结欺诈风险分解如何影响审计师的欺诈风险评估
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2020-01-21 DOI: 10.2308/ciia-19-015
Chad A. Simon, Jason L. Smith, Mark F. Zimbelman
In this paper, we provide a practitioner summary of our paper "The Influence of Judgment Decomposition on Auditors' Fraud Risk Assessments: Some Tradeoffs" (Simon, Smith, and Zimbelman 2018). In th...
在本文中,我们提供了我们论文“判断分解对审计师欺诈风险评估的影响:一些权衡”(Simon,Smith,and Zimbelman 2018)的从业者摘要。在。。。
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引用次数: 0
Something Phish-y is Going On Here: A Teaching Case on Business Email Compromise 这里发生了一些非法的事情:一个关于商业电子邮件泄露的教学案例
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2019-12-16 DOI: 10.2308/ciia-19-018
Kathleen M. Bakarich, Devon Baranek
This case utilizes a real-world example of a U.S. public company that fell victim to a Business Email Compromise (BEC) scheme in which an employee inadvertently wired millions of dollars to fraudulent accounts based upon email instructions purportedly sent by a company executive and external legal counsel. This is a timely issue to examine given its rising prevalence and magnitude in the corporate world. The case allows students to examine a topic (phishing techniques and email scams) that they are likely to be familiar with on a conceptual level, through the lens of internal controls and external auditing. Examining the case information, SEC filings, and auditing guidance, students will gain an understanding of internal control issues related to BEC and critically think of ways to remediate or implement controls to reduce cybersecurity risk, as well as consider the external auditor's growing responsibilities related to technology and its associated risks.
本案利用了一个真实世界的例子,一家美国上市公司成为商业电子邮件泄露(BEC)计划的受害者,在该计划中,一名员工根据据称由公司高管和外部法律顾问发送的电子邮件指示,无意中将数百万美元汇入欺诈账户。鉴于其在企业界的流行率和规模不断上升,这是一个需要研究的及时问题。该案例允许学生通过内部控制和外部审计的视角,从概念层面研究他们可能熟悉的主题(网络钓鱼技术和电子邮件诈骗)。通过检查案件信息、美国证券交易委员会文件和审计指南,学生将了解与BEC相关的内部控制问题,并批判性地思考补救或实施控制以降低网络安全风险的方法,以及考虑外部审计师在技术及其相关风险方面日益增长的责任。
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引用次数: 6
Challenges when Auditing Cryptocurrencies 审核加密货币时的挑战
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2019-11-07 DOI: 10.2308/ciia-19-025
N. Vincent, Anne M. Wilkins
The novelty, ambiguity, and the lack of official guidance surrounding cryptocurrency transactions impose additional audit risks that should be considered during client-acceptance and retention and planning audit procedures. We develop a four-quadrant model to assist auditors in client-acceptance and continuance decisions and identify cryptocurrency risks that should be considered during audit planning and audit evidence gathering.
加密货币交易的新颖性、模糊性和缺乏官方指导,带来了额外的审计风险,在客户接受、保留和规划审计程序时应予以考虑。我们开发了一个四象限模型,以帮助审计师做出客户接受和持续决策,并确定在审计规划和审计证据收集过程中应考虑的加密货币风险。
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引用次数: 25
PRACTITIONER SUMMARY When does utilizing valuation specialists reduce auditors' litigation risk? 执业律师总结利用估值专家何时可以降低审计师的诉讼风险?
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2019-11-07 DOI: 10.2308/ciia-19-008
J. O. Brown, Jonathan H. Grenier, Jonathan S. Pyzoha, Andrew Reffett, Natalie Zielinski
This article summarizes "The effects of specialist type and estimate aggressiveness on juror judgments of auditor negligence" (Brown, Grenier, Pyzoha, and Reffett 2019), which examines two critical factors auditors consider when auditing complex estimates: the type of specialist to engage and the relative aggressiveness of the estimate. In an experiment involving an alleged audit failure, jurors were less likely to find auditors negligent when the auditors consulted with a valuation specialist, but only when managements' estimate was deemed to be more aggressive. The study does not find similar litigation benefits of using a specialist for a less aggressive estimate. A second experiment extended these results by demonstrating jurors were less likely to find auditors negligent when the auditors consulted with an external rather than an internal specialist, because jurors perceived external specialists as having greater independence from the client. Further, the litigation benefits of using an external specialist extended to circumstances when auditors who initially engaged an internal specialist also brought in an external specialist to review the internal specialist's work. The study concludes that utilizing external specialists, to either test management estimates or to review internal specialists' work, can limit auditors' litigation exposure, especially when auditing aggressive management estimates.
本文总结了“专家类型和评估攻击性对陪审员对审计师疏忽判断的影响”(Brown,Grenier,Pyzoha,and Reffett 2019),其中考察了审计师在审计复杂评估时考虑的两个关键因素:聘请的专家类型和估计的相对攻击性。在一项涉及所谓审计失败的实验中,当审计师咨询估值专家时,陪审员不太可能发现审计师疏忽大意,但只有当管理层的估计被认为更激进时。该研究没有发现使用专家进行不那么激进的估计会带来类似的诉讼效益。第二个实验扩展了这些结果,证明当审计师咨询外部专家而不是内部专家时,陪审员不太可能发现审计师疏忽大意,因为陪审员认为外部专家与客户有更大的独立性。此外,聘请外部专家的诉讼好处也适用于最初聘请内部专家的审计师也聘请外部专家审查内部专家的工作的情况。该研究得出结论,利用外部专家来测试管理层的估计或审查内部专家的工作,可以限制审计师的诉讼风险,尤其是在审计激进的管理层估计时。
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引用次数: 0
Comments of the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board Exposure Draft, Proposed International Standard on Auditing 220 (Revised): Quality Management for an Audit of Financial Statements 美国会计协会审计科审计准则委员会对国际审计和鉴证准则委员会征求意见稿,拟议的国际审计准则220(修订版):财务报表审计的质量管理
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.2308/CIIA-52493
Veena L. Brown, Sean A. Dennis, Denise Dickins, J. Higgs, Tammie J. Schaefer
In February 2019, the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (the Board or IAASB) issued a request for comment on its Exposure Draft, Proposed International Standard on Auditing 220 (Revised): Quality Management for an Audit of Financial Statements (ED-220). ED-220 explicitly requires the engagement partner to demonstrate sufficient and appropriate involvement in all phases of the audit, it describes certain activities that must be performed by the audit engagement partner, and it explicitly acknowledges the role of audit firm-level policies and procedures and the changing complexity of audit engagement teams. The comment period ended on July 1, 2019. This commentary summarizes the participating committee members' views on selected questions posed by the IAASB. Data Availability: ED-220, including questions for respondents, is available at: https://www.ifac.org/publications-resources/exposure-draft-international-standard-auditing-220-revised-quality-management.
2019年2月,国际审计与鉴证准则委员会(审计委员会或IAASB)就其征求意见稿《拟议国际审计准则220(修订版):财务报表审计质量管理》(ED-220)发表了评论请求。ED-220明确要求审计业务合作伙伴在审计的所有阶段表现出充分和适当的参与,它描述了审计业务合作合作伙伴必须执行的某些活动,并明确承认审计公司级政策和程序的作用以及审计业务团队不断变化的复杂性。评论期于2019年7月1日结束。本评注概述了与会委员会成员对咨询委员会提出的选定问题的看法。数据可用性:ED-220,包括回答者的问题,可在以下位置获得:https://www.ifac.org/publications-resources/exposure-draft-international-standard-auditing-220-revised-quality-management.
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引用次数: 6
Comments of the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on Proposed Statement on Standards for Attestation Engagements, Amendments to the Description of the Concept of Materiality 美国会计协会审计分会审计准则委员会对鉴证业务准则建议声明的意见,对重要性概念描述的修订
IF 0.8 Q4 BUSINESS, FINANCE Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.2308/CIIA-52495
Sean A. Dennis, Denise Dickins, Christine E. Earley, J. Higgs
In June 2019, the Auditing Standards Board (the Board) of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants issued a request for comment on its Proposed Statement on Standards for Attestation Engagements, Amendments to the Description of the Concept of Materiality (the Proposal), which seeks to change the criteria for determining whether omissions or misstatements rise to the level of materially misstating financial statements from those that could reasonably be expected to influence economic decisions of a user, to those where there is a substantial likelihood that they would influence the judgment of a reasonable user. The comment period ends August 5, 2019. This commentary summarizes the participating committee members' views on feedback requested by the Board. Data Availability: The Proposal, including questions for respondents, is available at: https://www.aicpa.org/content/dam/aicpa/research/exposuredrafts/accountingandauditing/downloadabledocuments/20190605a/20190605a-ed-sas-ssae-materiality.pdf.
2019年6月,美国注册会计师协会(American Institute of Certified Public Accountants)审计准则委员会(Board)就其建议的《鉴证业务准则声明》、《重要性概念描述的修订》(以下简称《建议》)、该准则旨在改变确定遗漏或错报是否上升到重大错报财务报表水平的标准,从那些可以合理预期会影响使用者经济决策的标准,转变为那些极有可能影响合理使用者判断的标准。评论期将于2019年8月5日结束。本评注总结了参与委员会成员对联委会要求的反馈意见的看法。数据可用性:该提案,包括针对受访者的问题,可在https://www.aicpa.org/content/dam/aicpa/research/exposuredrafts/accountingandauditing/downloadabledocuments/20190605a/20190605a-ed-sas-ssae-materiality.pdf上获得。
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引用次数: 1
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Current Issues in Auditing
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