Abstract The application of game theory according to Hargreaves-Heap and Varonfakis (1995) to understand human behaviour, and in particular ethical behaviour, is a valuable development, as game theory has gradually become one of the key frameworks to assist us in the understanding of social sciences. Esther (1982) and Aumann and Hart (1992) show that there are several studies that indicate the importance of a game theoretic framework in advancing our understanding of social behaviour and evolutionary sciences. Although the application of game theory in the above areas has largely been not formalised, its application in the fields of ethical conduct and human behaviour is at present developed in several respects with the gradual assistance of advances in related areas such as evolutionary biology and our understanding of group social behaviour. Game theory tends to be dominated by its assumptions concerning the non-rational nature of the dynamics existing within social structures and these processes are generally ignored or are sometimes difficult to model. Assumptions that are made concerning the cognitive abilities and beliefs about individuals are generally unrealistic, and this at times is the main criticism of game theoretic applications in our understanding of ethical behaviour. These are the lines followed by Solomon (1999) in his discussion on game theory when it is used to model scenarios in business ethics and in general in the business area. In particular, game theory tends to excessively emphasise the destructive obsession of the quantifiable outcomes and an artificial concept of competition. This modelling of competition is not exhaustive of human behaviour, but rather an oversimplification of the social dynamics in place in many different human contexts. The first objective of this paper is to offer a brief sketch of the historical developments that have taken place in game theory and some of its fundamental concepts through an analysis of the most important games that have found an application to the field of ethics. A second aim is that of providing the reader with a review of developments relating to evolutionary game theory that has deeply assisted our comprehension of ethical norms and their emergence in group behaviour. The final part of the paper will be dealing with some conclusive remarks from a methodological point of view on the main issues concerning applications of game theory to ethics.
{"title":"Game Theory - Its Applications to Ethical Decision Making","authors":"S. Cavagnetto, Bruce Gahir","doi":"10.2478/cris-2014-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cris-2014-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The application of game theory according to Hargreaves-Heap and Varonfakis (1995) to understand human behaviour, and in particular ethical behaviour, is a valuable development, as game theory has gradually become one of the key frameworks to assist us in the understanding of social sciences. Esther (1982) and Aumann and Hart (1992) show that there are several studies that indicate the importance of a game theoretic framework in advancing our understanding of social behaviour and evolutionary sciences. Although the application of game theory in the above areas has largely been not formalised, its application in the fields of ethical conduct and human behaviour is at present developed in several respects with the gradual assistance of advances in related areas such as evolutionary biology and our understanding of group social behaviour. Game theory tends to be dominated by its assumptions concerning the non-rational nature of the dynamics existing within social structures and these processes are generally ignored or are sometimes difficult to model. Assumptions that are made concerning the cognitive abilities and beliefs about individuals are generally unrealistic, and this at times is the main criticism of game theoretic applications in our understanding of ethical behaviour. These are the lines followed by Solomon (1999) in his discussion on game theory when it is used to model scenarios in business ethics and in general in the business area. In particular, game theory tends to excessively emphasise the destructive obsession of the quantifiable outcomes and an artificial concept of competition. This modelling of competition is not exhaustive of human behaviour, but rather an oversimplification of the social dynamics in place in many different human contexts. The first objective of this paper is to offer a brief sketch of the historical developments that have taken place in game theory and some of its fundamental concepts through an analysis of the most important games that have found an application to the field of ethics. A second aim is that of providing the reader with a review of developments relating to evolutionary game theory that has deeply assisted our comprehension of ethical norms and their emergence in group behaviour. The final part of the paper will be dealing with some conclusive remarks from a methodological point of view on the main issues concerning applications of game theory to ethics.","PeriodicalId":440425,"journal":{"name":"CRIS - Bulletin of the Centre for Research and Interdisciplinary Study","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114725407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract High-quality picture books that merge text and illustration together in order to tell a story are eminent for healthy mental and social growth of children. This paper is to outline the benefits picture books bring to children between the ages three to eight, determine functions of its illustrative language, examine the process of its production, and point out a set of elements that, according to number of professional children's book illustrators, significantly contribute to the success of a picture book
{"title":"Children’s Book Illustrations: Visual Language of Picture Books","authors":"Hana Hladíková","doi":"10.2478/cris-2014-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cris-2014-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract High-quality picture books that merge text and illustration together in order to tell a story are eminent for healthy mental and social growth of children. This paper is to outline the benefits picture books bring to children between the ages three to eight, determine functions of its illustrative language, examine the process of its production, and point out a set of elements that, according to number of professional children's book illustrators, significantly contribute to the success of a picture book","PeriodicalId":440425,"journal":{"name":"CRIS - Bulletin of the Centre for Research and Interdisciplinary Study","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124317073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study focuses on the differences in power consumption between beam-forming and relaying data transmission methods in a sparse wireless ad-hoc network. These two methods are observed for the same parameters using an identical network topology in a simulation programme that was developed as a part of this study. This paper introduces the reader the background of sensor networks and exposes the aims of this study and methods used to simulate these networks. Finally, the results of a simulation are analysed and the two methods are compared, followed by the conclusion of the study and the project itself.
{"title":"Comparison of Beam-Forming and Relaying in Sparse Sensor Networks","authors":"Krebs Mikuláš","doi":"10.1515/cris-2015-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cris-2015-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study focuses on the differences in power consumption between beam-forming and relaying data transmission methods in a sparse wireless ad-hoc network. These two methods are observed for the same parameters using an identical network topology in a simulation programme that was developed as a part of this study. This paper introduces the reader the background of sensor networks and exposes the aims of this study and methods used to simulate these networks. Finally, the results of a simulation are analysed and the two methods are compared, followed by the conclusion of the study and the project itself.","PeriodicalId":440425,"journal":{"name":"CRIS - Bulletin of the Centre for Research and Interdisciplinary Study","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117334833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Barter is the direct exchange of goods or services without using a medium of exchange, such as money. Barter faced a number of limitations, and according to Smith (1776), these limitations led to the emergence of money. However, trading with money also exposes traders to the problems of monetary economy such as inflation, deflation, currency de-valuation, and currency exchange fluctuation. According to Statista.com (2015), in 2016, global Business to Customer (B2C) e-commerce sales will reach 1.92 trillion US dollars. On the other hand, online barter solutions are rare on the market. The only attempts to tackle online barter are mobile applications, carried out by small businesses. The market gap is caused by the unsolved inefficiencies of barter. The aim of this thesis is to identify the problems of barter, propose an IT solution for the problems of barter, and finally, produce an artefact, which is the realisation of the proposed IT solution by utilising computer systems and computer algorithms.
{"title":"Barter Online Network","authors":"T. Van Ngoc","doi":"10.1515/cris-2015-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cris-2015-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Barter is the direct exchange of goods or services without using a medium of exchange, such as money. Barter faced a number of limitations, and according to Smith (1776), these limitations led to the emergence of money. However, trading with money also exposes traders to the problems of monetary economy such as inflation, deflation, currency de-valuation, and currency exchange fluctuation. According to Statista.com (2015), in 2016, global Business to Customer (B2C) e-commerce sales will reach 1.92 trillion US dollars. On the other hand, online barter solutions are rare on the market. The only attempts to tackle online barter are mobile applications, carried out by small businesses. The market gap is caused by the unsolved inefficiencies of barter. The aim of this thesis is to identify the problems of barter, propose an IT solution for the problems of barter, and finally, produce an artefact, which is the realisation of the proposed IT solution by utilising computer systems and computer algorithms.","PeriodicalId":440425,"journal":{"name":"CRIS - Bulletin of the Centre for Research and Interdisciplinary Study","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114436403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Embracing Sustainable Development Is An Ethical Decision","authors":"A. Prošková","doi":"10.1515/cris-2015-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cris-2015-0006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":440425,"journal":{"name":"CRIS - Bulletin of the Centre for Research and Interdisciplinary Study","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114872884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cultural Issues In Negotiations Between An American Manager And An Arab Counterpart","authors":"A. Semerad","doi":"10.1515/cris-2015-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cris-2015-0008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":440425,"journal":{"name":"CRIS - Bulletin of the Centre for Research and Interdisciplinary Study","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116575389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：