Pub Date : 2020-07-16DOI: 10.1504/ijeie.2020.10030566
Mladen Kustura, Goran Šunjić, D. Ćubela
Masonry stone arch, and other types of masonry structures, owed their durability through the centuries primarily to the inventiveness of the builders, who, by introducing new connection elements, managed to build structures that would resist various effects through the time. Connection elements used for assembling bridge vaults, or clamps and dowels made of wrought iron with the additional use of liquid lead and mortar, are one of the successful ways to increase stability and load-bearing capacity of this type of structures. A similar assembly technique was applied during construction of the original Old Bridge in Mostar in 1566 and its reconstruction in 2004. This paper presents experimental tests performed on 1:3 scaled arch segments of the Old Bridge in Mostar and obtained results. This experimental research was conducted in order to describe the behaviour of all connection elements participating in the transfer of loads that can occur. Obtained results of the performed experimental tests are highly utilisable for further numerical analyses and verification of the existing and new mathematical models.
{"title":"Quasi-static tests on 1:3 scaled arch segments of the Old Bridge in Mostar","authors":"Mladen Kustura, Goran Šunjić, D. Ćubela","doi":"10.1504/ijeie.2020.10030566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijeie.2020.10030566","url":null,"abstract":"Masonry stone arch, and other types of masonry structures, owed their durability through the centuries primarily to the inventiveness of the builders, who, by introducing new connection elements, managed to build structures that would resist various effects through the time. Connection elements used for assembling bridge vaults, or clamps and dowels made of wrought iron with the additional use of liquid lead and mortar, are one of the successful ways to increase stability and load-bearing capacity of this type of structures. A similar assembly technique was applied during construction of the original Old Bridge in Mostar in 1566 and its reconstruction in 2004. This paper presents experimental tests performed on 1:3 scaled arch segments of the Old Bridge in Mostar and obtained results. This experimental research was conducted in order to describe the behaviour of all connection elements participating in the transfer of loads that can occur. Obtained results of the performed experimental tests are highly utilisable for further numerical analyses and verification of the existing and new mathematical models.","PeriodicalId":440568,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Earthquake and Impact Engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130975955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-16DOI: 10.1504/IJEIE.2020.10030573
A. Al-Sayegh
A parallel scheme is devised to efficiently parallelise all steps of parallel finite element analysis in this study. In addition, this scheme is based on a row-wise matrix distribution. A new row-wise parallel finite element analysis algorithm that exploits the nature of distributed compressed row sparse matrices and multivectors to improve concurrency is developed. A new dynamic load balancing technique has also been devised. The dynamic load balancing technique has been designed specifically to balance the computational workload among processors suitable for the analysis of nonlinear structures. This new algorithm has been implemented in ParaStruc, which is a parallel structural analysis system. Trilinos, a set of parallel numerical libraries developed by researchers in the Sandia National Laboratory has been used to build this algorithm. ParaStruc is a lightweight fully parallelised parallel finite element analysis system, which contains only three classes and a pre-processor. It is shown that this approach produces superior performance in terms of speedup, efficiency, and isoefficiency in the analysis of nonlinear structure response ranges when compared to parallel ABAQUS. The performance and efficiency of this algorithm has been verified with numerical simulations of a 200-metre 50-story 10-frame 10-bay 3D structure subjected to various load levels.
{"title":"A new row-wise parallel finite element analysis algorithm with dynamic load balancing","authors":"A. Al-Sayegh","doi":"10.1504/IJEIE.2020.10030573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEIE.2020.10030573","url":null,"abstract":"A parallel scheme is devised to efficiently parallelise all steps of parallel finite element analysis in this study. In addition, this scheme is based on a row-wise matrix distribution. A new row-wise parallel finite element analysis algorithm that exploits the nature of distributed compressed row sparse matrices and multivectors to improve concurrency is developed. A new dynamic load balancing technique has also been devised. The dynamic load balancing technique has been designed specifically to balance the computational workload among processors suitable for the analysis of nonlinear structures. This new algorithm has been implemented in ParaStruc, which is a parallel structural analysis system. Trilinos, a set of parallel numerical libraries developed by researchers in the Sandia National Laboratory has been used to build this algorithm. ParaStruc is a lightweight fully parallelised parallel finite element analysis system, which contains only three classes and a pre-processor. It is shown that this approach produces superior performance in terms of speedup, efficiency, and isoefficiency in the analysis of nonlinear structure response ranges when compared to parallel ABAQUS. The performance and efficiency of this algorithm has been verified with numerical simulations of a 200-metre 50-story 10-frame 10-bay 3D structure subjected to various load levels.","PeriodicalId":440568,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Earthquake and Impact Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133702519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-16DOI: 10.1504/ijeie.2020.10030569
A. Mwafy, Aya R. AbouElhamd, S. Gargoum
Large fundamental period data from two sources are collected and compared with expressions from building codes and previous studies. The first data set is collected from 147 instrumented buildings with various lateral force resisting systems (LFRSs). The second set is obtained from the inelastic dynamic response simulation of 26 multi-story structures. Seven LFRSs are considered, including steel moment-resisting frames (SMRFs), reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames (RCMRFs), concentrically braced frames (CBFs), eccentrically braced frames (EBFs), RC shear walls (RCSWs), masonry buildings and pre-cast structures. It is concluded that the design provisions are conservative enough for SMRFs, RCMRFs, and CBFs. For low-to-medium rise RCSWs and EBFs along with low-rise masonry and pre-cast structures, recently proposed expressions in previous studies provide conservative estimates for the fundamental periods. More data is highly needed to arrive at a reliable formula for the design of high-rise RCSW structures in earthquake-prone regions.
{"title":"Verifying the periods of vibration for different structural systems using earthquake data and simulation","authors":"A. Mwafy, Aya R. AbouElhamd, S. Gargoum","doi":"10.1504/ijeie.2020.10030569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijeie.2020.10030569","url":null,"abstract":"Large fundamental period data from two sources are collected and compared with expressions from building codes and previous studies. The first data set is collected from 147 instrumented buildings with various lateral force resisting systems (LFRSs). The second set is obtained from the inelastic dynamic response simulation of 26 multi-story structures. Seven LFRSs are considered, including steel moment-resisting frames (SMRFs), reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames (RCMRFs), concentrically braced frames (CBFs), eccentrically braced frames (EBFs), RC shear walls (RCSWs), masonry buildings and pre-cast structures. It is concluded that the design provisions are conservative enough for SMRFs, RCMRFs, and CBFs. For low-to-medium rise RCSWs and EBFs along with low-rise masonry and pre-cast structures, recently proposed expressions in previous studies provide conservative estimates for the fundamental periods. More data is highly needed to arrive at a reliable formula for the design of high-rise RCSW structures in earthquake-prone regions.","PeriodicalId":440568,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Earthquake and Impact Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126728071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-19DOI: 10.1504/ijeie.2020.10027036
S. Dauji
Accurate prediction of blast induced ground vibration variables such as particle velocity and frequency are of interest for safe design of controlled blasting operations for mining, tunnelling or excavation projects. There are certain limitations in the widely used empirical and numerical approaches especially when number of variables is large. Various data driven approaches have been employed for producing correct estimates for such cases. Decision tree (DT), earlier successfully employed for solving variety of civil engineering problems, is employed for prediction of blast variables for the first time in this article. The performance of DT models was found to be equally good (for particle velocity variable) or better than (for frequency variables) ANN models developed in this study, and unequivocally superior to the SVM or RF models reported in literature. Additionally, the clarity in decision rule-based estimation foster easy comprehension and future implementation.
{"title":"Prediction accuracy of underground blast variables: decision tree and artificial neural network","authors":"S. Dauji","doi":"10.1504/ijeie.2020.10027036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijeie.2020.10027036","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate prediction of blast induced ground vibration variables such as particle velocity and frequency are of interest for safe design of controlled blasting operations for mining, tunnelling or excavation projects. There are certain limitations in the widely used empirical and numerical approaches especially when number of variables is large. Various data driven approaches have been employed for producing correct estimates for such cases. Decision tree (DT), earlier successfully employed for solving variety of civil engineering problems, is employed for prediction of blast variables for the first time in this article. The performance of DT models was found to be equally good (for particle velocity variable) or better than (for frequency variables) ANN models developed in this study, and unequivocally superior to the SVM or RF models reported in literature. Additionally, the clarity in decision rule-based estimation foster easy comprehension and future implementation.","PeriodicalId":440568,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Earthquake and Impact Engineering","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114263639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-19DOI: 10.1504/ijeie.2020.10027026
K. Edip, A. Bogdanović, M. Stojmanovska, Angela Poposka, E. N. Farsangi
In this paper, numerical simulation of the issues related to soil-structure interaction (SSI) in the structures equipped with prestressed damping device (PDD) is presented. More specifically, this research examines the impacts of dampers on the interaction between the soil and the structure, considering a variety of conditions, including the effects of the soil boundaries simulated by infinite elements. Comparative analysis of the results with different disposition of the dampers is made using ANSYS nonlinear platform. It could be observed from the results of the numerical analysis that regarding the impact of dampers in the structure on SSI, the selection of the damper type has a significant role.
{"title":"A new approach in simulation of soil-structure interaction problems including damper effects","authors":"K. Edip, A. Bogdanović, M. Stojmanovska, Angela Poposka, E. N. Farsangi","doi":"10.1504/ijeie.2020.10027026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijeie.2020.10027026","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, numerical simulation of the issues related to soil-structure interaction (SSI) in the structures equipped with prestressed damping device (PDD) is presented. More specifically, this research examines the impacts of dampers on the interaction between the soil and the structure, considering a variety of conditions, including the effects of the soil boundaries simulated by infinite elements. Comparative analysis of the results with different disposition of the dampers is made using ANSYS nonlinear platform. It could be observed from the results of the numerical analysis that regarding the impact of dampers in the structure on SSI, the selection of the damper type has a significant role.","PeriodicalId":440568,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Earthquake and Impact Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121552669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-19DOI: 10.1504/ijeie.2020.10027037
Fida Anjum, Shaista Jan, Yawar Mushtaq Raina
This study aims at characterising the probable 99 faults of region by carrying out the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for different districts of Kashmir valley by preparing seismic hazard curves and the contour maps of three ground motion parameters, namely, peak ground acceleration (PGA), short period Sa (0.02 s) and long period Sa (1.0 s) spectral acceleration for 50, 100, 500 and 2,500 years return periods using the Atkinson and Boore (2006) GMPM and an updated catalogue containing event records till April 2018. On comparison with the earlier studies it was found that there is the need to consider the local site variability in the hazard computation. Shopian, Budgam, Baramulla and Kupwara were found to have much higher seismic hazard levels as compare to other districts. The estimated hazard values for these regions highlights that the zonal spectral values are underestimated in the Indian Codal provisions. The maps, hazard curves and UHRS so developed can be used for assessing the seismic vulnerability of the existing structures and constructing risk maps for the selected areas.
{"title":"Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment of district headquarters of Kashmir Valley in Jammu and Kashmir, India","authors":"Fida Anjum, Shaista Jan, Yawar Mushtaq Raina","doi":"10.1504/ijeie.2020.10027037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijeie.2020.10027037","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims at characterising the probable 99 faults of region by carrying out the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for different districts of Kashmir valley by preparing seismic hazard curves and the contour maps of three ground motion parameters, namely, peak ground acceleration (PGA), short period Sa (0.02 s) and long period Sa (1.0 s) spectral acceleration for 50, 100, 500 and 2,500 years return periods using the Atkinson and Boore (2006) GMPM and an updated catalogue containing event records till April 2018. On comparison with the earlier studies it was found that there is the need to consider the local site variability in the hazard computation. Shopian, Budgam, Baramulla and Kupwara were found to have much higher seismic hazard levels as compare to other districts. The estimated hazard values for these regions highlights that the zonal spectral values are underestimated in the Indian Codal provisions. The maps, hazard curves and UHRS so developed can be used for assessing the seismic vulnerability of the existing structures and constructing risk maps for the selected areas.","PeriodicalId":440568,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Earthquake and Impact Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116858521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-19DOI: 10.1504/ijeie.2020.10027031
S. Muin, A. Astaneh-Asl, C. Topkaya
This paper investigates the seismic response of an instrumented 49-storey steel structure in San Francisco to weak, far-field, and strong, near-field ground motions. The instrumentation records obtained during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake are used to verify the accuracy of the predictions of the time-history analysis of the model. The ChiChi-002 ground motion record from the 1992 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan (PGA = 0.08 g), representing a 'weak, far-field' earthquake and the record from the 1994 Northridge-Newhall earthquake (PGA = 0.60 g) representing a 'strong, near-field' earthquake were used in the study. The results showed that the force, acceleration, and displacement responses of this long-period structure to the 'weak far-field' ground motion are much larger than its response to the 'strong, near-field' ground motion. Also, the response attenuates at a slower rate for the weak, far-field earthquake, indicating the possibility of greater damage, both to structural and non-structural elements, during the earthquake. Interim seismic design recommendations are formulated to address this issue in the design of tall buildings with long periods.
{"title":"The response of tall buildings to far-field earthquakes and the case of a 49-storey steel building","authors":"S. Muin, A. Astaneh-Asl, C. Topkaya","doi":"10.1504/ijeie.2020.10027031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijeie.2020.10027031","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the seismic response of an instrumented 49-storey steel structure in San Francisco to weak, far-field, and strong, near-field ground motions. The instrumentation records obtained during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake are used to verify the accuracy of the predictions of the time-history analysis of the model. The ChiChi-002 ground motion record from the 1992 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan (PGA = 0.08 g), representing a 'weak, far-field' earthquake and the record from the 1994 Northridge-Newhall earthquake (PGA = 0.60 g) representing a 'strong, near-field' earthquake were used in the study. The results showed that the force, acceleration, and displacement responses of this long-period structure to the 'weak far-field' ground motion are much larger than its response to the 'strong, near-field' ground motion. Also, the response attenuates at a slower rate for the weak, far-field earthquake, indicating the possibility of greater damage, both to structural and non-structural elements, during the earthquake. Interim seismic design recommendations are formulated to address this issue in the design of tall buildings with long periods.","PeriodicalId":440568,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Earthquake and Impact Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130367407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijeie.2022.10047311
Abolhassan Astaneh Asl, Maryam Tabbakhha
{"title":"Analysis of the collapsed and replaced Tex-Wash bridges exposed to severe floods","authors":"Abolhassan Astaneh Asl, Maryam Tabbakhha","doi":"10.1504/ijeie.2022.10047311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijeie.2022.10047311","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":440568,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Earthquake and Impact Engineering","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127001780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijeie.2022.122852
J. Rodríguez
{"title":"Sudden soil subsidence due to large magnitude earthquakes: the case of Mexico City","authors":"J. Rodríguez","doi":"10.1504/ijeie.2022.122852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijeie.2022.122852","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":440568,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Earthquake and Impact Engineering","volume":"281 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122943039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijeie.2022.10047324
Jorge Abraham Díaz Rodríguez
{"title":"Sudden soil subsidence due to large magnitude earthquakes: the case of Mexico City","authors":"Jorge Abraham Díaz Rodríguez","doi":"10.1504/ijeie.2022.10047324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijeie.2022.10047324","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":440568,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Earthquake and Impact Engineering","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114633189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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