{"title":"Assessing the application of GACOS atmospheric correction for DInSAR-based mining deformation monitoring by using Sentinel-1 data in Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland","authors":"Kamila Pawłuszek-Filipiak, Natalia Wielgocka, Tymon Lewandowski, Damian Tondaś","doi":"10.24425/gac.2021.136685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/gac.2021.136685","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44129,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Cartography","volume":"15 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135584695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/gac.2020.131087
: The article proves a particular bias in the agricultural land use for assessing the ecological and economic efficiency of only cost indicators. The methodology for evaluating the ecological and economic efficiency of agricultural land use by the energy content of foods is considered. The purpose of the article is to consider the methodology and justifica-tion of the practical significance of assessing the environmental and economic efficiency of the agricultural land use by the energy content of products. The article presents the initial data for correlation-regression analysis on the average performance of agricultural producers of Ukraine to determine the weight of each indicator. We used land statistical collections, National reports on the state of the environment in Ukraine for the period 2012–2018. The analysis was carried out based on the average performance indicators of agricultural producers of Ukraine to determine the weight of factors and leverage on the ecological and economic efficiency of agricultural land use. The output of a unit of land in relative terms through exchange energy is not only a kind of indicator, a criterion for the efficient use of agricultural land but also a criterion for the effectiveness of all production activities of agricultural producers, a particular district, and even regions. The main advantage of the proposed approach is the focus on achieving the ultimate goal of agricultural production, which allows us to recommend it for extended use in assessing the ecological and economic efficiency of agricultural land use.
{"title":"The use and evaluation of ecological and economic efficiency of agricultural land in Ukraine","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/gac.2020.131087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/gac.2020.131087","url":null,"abstract":": The article proves a particular bias in the agricultural land use for assessing the ecological and economic efficiency of only cost indicators. The methodology for evaluating the ecological and economic efficiency of agricultural land use by the energy content of foods is considered. The purpose of the article is to consider the methodology and justifica-tion of the practical significance of assessing the environmental and economic efficiency of the agricultural land use by the energy content of products. The article presents the initial data for correlation-regression analysis on the average performance of agricultural producers of Ukraine to determine the weight of each indicator. We used land statistical collections, National reports on the state of the environment in Ukraine for the period 2012–2018. The analysis was carried out based on the average performance indicators of agricultural producers of Ukraine to determine the weight of factors and leverage on the ecological and economic efficiency of agricultural land use. The output of a unit of land in relative terms through exchange energy is not only a kind of indicator, a criterion for the efficient use of agricultural land but also a criterion for the effectiveness of all production activities of agricultural producers, a particular district, and even regions. The main advantage of the proposed approach is the focus on achieving the ultimate goal of agricultural production, which allows us to recommend it for extended use in assessing the ecological and economic efficiency of agricultural land use.","PeriodicalId":44129,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Cartography","volume":"278 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135678915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/gac.2020.131082
Ireneusz Winnicki
Fig. 1. Prof. Marcin Barlik Professor Marcin BARLIK was a specialist in the field of physical geodesy, higher geodesy, and geodesic gravimetry. He was born on November 11, 1944 in Bydgoszcz, where he obtained a high school diploma at the Geodesic Secondary School in 1963. He graduated from the Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography of the Warsaw University of Technology in 1968 achieving M.Sc. degree in land surveying, he worked there as an assistant in 1968–1978. Based on the doctoral dissertation on “The Issue of Gravimetric Reductions for the Study of Real Vertical Deviations in Mountain Areas”, the Council of the Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography of the Warsaw University of Technology awarded him a Ph.D. degree in technical sciences in 1976. In 1978–1979 he lectured as an associate professor at the University of Baghdad (Iraq), College of Engineering, Surveying Department and worked as a scientific adviser to the Polservice – Geocart in Iraq. He was appointed assistant professor at the Institute of Higher Geodesy and Geodesic Astronomy of the Warsaw University of Technology in 1979 and as associate professor in 1983. Having passed the habilitation colloquium in 1983, he achieved the post-doctoral degree in the field of technical sciences in the discipline of geodesy and cartography. The dissertation title “The concept of using a smoothed quasi-geoid in the process of reducing geodesic and astronomical observations”. He then lectured at the L’Institut Cartographic National, Algeria (1984).
{"title":"Obituary for Prof. Dr. Hab. Marcin Barlik. Two years death anniversary","authors":"Ireneusz Winnicki","doi":"10.24425/gac.2020.131082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/gac.2020.131082","url":null,"abstract":"Fig. 1. Prof. Marcin Barlik Professor Marcin BARLIK was a specialist in the field of physical geodesy, higher geodesy, and geodesic gravimetry. He was born on November 11, 1944 in Bydgoszcz, where he obtained a high school diploma at the Geodesic Secondary School in 1963. He graduated from the Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography of the Warsaw University of Technology in 1968 achieving M.Sc. degree in land surveying, he worked there as an assistant in 1968–1978. Based on the doctoral dissertation on “The Issue of Gravimetric Reductions for the Study of Real Vertical Deviations in Mountain Areas”, the Council of the Faculty of Geodesy and Cartography of the Warsaw University of Technology awarded him a Ph.D. degree in technical sciences in 1976. In 1978–1979 he lectured as an associate professor at the University of Baghdad (Iraq), College of Engineering, Surveying Department and worked as a scientific adviser to the Polservice – Geocart in Iraq. He was appointed assistant professor at the Institute of Higher Geodesy and Geodesic Astronomy of the Warsaw University of Technology in 1979 and as associate professor in 1983. Having passed the habilitation colloquium in 1983, he achieved the post-doctoral degree in the field of technical sciences in the discipline of geodesy and cartography. The dissertation title “The concept of using a smoothed quasi-geoid in the process of reducing geodesic and astronomical observations”. He then lectured at the L’Institut Cartographic National, Algeria (1984).","PeriodicalId":44129,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Cartography","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135544439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Transnational communication lines differ from other objects of the economy both in form and size, and in the task of their geodetic support, which requires the development of special methods for its solution. One of the ways of geodetic support with high accuracy is the choice of optimal (with minimal distortion) geodetic projection for the territories of transnational communication lines. Composite projection is one of the most appropriate methods to choose the optimal projection. This article presents the argumentation and results of experimental calculations for the implementation of optimal geodetic projection for transnational communication lines in Azerbaijan.
{"title":"Experimental justification of implementation of the composite projection in Azerbaijan","authors":"Magsad Huseyn Gojamanov, Alishir Ismayil Ismayilov","doi":"10.24425/gac.2019.128462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/gac.2019.128462","url":null,"abstract":": Transnational communication lines differ from other objects of the economy both in form and size, and in the task of their geodetic support, which requires the development of special methods for its solution. One of the ways of geodetic support with high accuracy is the choice of optimal (with minimal distortion) geodetic projection for the territories of transnational communication lines. Composite projection is one of the most appropriate methods to choose the optimal projection. This article presents the argumentation and results of experimental calculations for the implementation of optimal geodetic projection for transnational communication lines in Azerbaijan.","PeriodicalId":44129,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Cartography","volume":"9 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135544441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/gac.2020.131086
Yurii Hubar, Oleksandra Hulko, Yulia Khavar, Liliya Vynarchyk, Vira Sai
: The article considers a comprehensive study of the problem of land relations development in the region. It identifies the main directions for their further development, which include improving the legislative framework, economic and monetary valuation of land, leasing land relations and ensuring the formation of a market for agricultural land and ecologically safe land use. The article aims to determine the interrelated components of the organizational and economic mechanism for managing land resources of agricultural enterprises in the context of ensuring land-use efficiency based on the choice of a land-use optimization model. The theoretical and methodological bases for the development of land relations in the conditions of market economy formation are generalized. The directions for improving the ecological status of agricultural land are justified. The state regulation of land relations is analyzed, and ways to improve land legislation are proposed. The directions of the formation and development of the agricultural land market are justified. The ways to improve the ecological condition of the land, taking into account the regional characteristics of the Vinnytsia region, are proposed. To determine the relationship of rational use and reproduction of resources, considering the problems of choosing the optimal strategy for the impact of the economy on the ecologization of land resources, the system of rational use and reproduction of natural resources is developed. The optimization model describing the conditions for the process of stimulating landowners and land users in the direction of protection and rational land use is established.
{"title":"Ecological and economic aspects of effective use of land resources – potential of Vinnytsia region","authors":"Yurii Hubar, Oleksandra Hulko, Yulia Khavar, Liliya Vynarchyk, Vira Sai","doi":"10.24425/gac.2020.131086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/gac.2020.131086","url":null,"abstract":": The article considers a comprehensive study of the problem of land relations development in the region. It identifies the main directions for their further development, which include improving the legislative framework, economic and monetary valuation of land, leasing land relations and ensuring the formation of a market for agricultural land and ecologically safe land use. The article aims to determine the interrelated components of the organizational and economic mechanism for managing land resources of agricultural enterprises in the context of ensuring land-use efficiency based on the choice of a land-use optimization model. The theoretical and methodological bases for the development of land relations in the conditions of market economy formation are generalized. The directions for improving the ecological status of agricultural land are justified. The state regulation of land relations is analyzed, and ways to improve land legislation are proposed. The directions of the formation and development of the agricultural land market are justified. The ways to improve the ecological condition of the land, taking into account the regional characteristics of the Vinnytsia region, are proposed. To determine the relationship of rational use and reproduction of resources, considering the problems of choosing the optimal strategy for the impact of the economy on the ecologization of land resources, the system of rational use and reproduction of natural resources is developed. The optimization model describing the conditions for the process of stimulating landowners and land users in the direction of protection and rational land use is established.","PeriodicalId":44129,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Cartography","volume":"15 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135584691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/gac.2021.136682
: The purpose of the article is to substantiate the basic conceptual provisions for determining the territorial development of regional land use. In accordance with the purpose, the following tasks have been solved: substantiation of theoretical provisions for determining the territorial development of regional land use; determination of features of territorial development of regional land use; formation of hypotheses on the influence of spatial, urban, investment and environmental factors. Peculiarities of territorial development of regional land use are determined. Legal support is proposed. The international practices for ensuring the territorial development of regional land use are summarized, the main directions of which are: the formation and development of land relations on a long-term basis, the determination of the target and functional purpose of lands, the constant registration of cadastral information with the formation of an ecological balance of the land use and considering the peculiarities of interaction between groups of stakeholders. The system of land administration, where its functions (land ownership, valuation, use, development of land) are comprehensively implemented and interact, in the territorial development of regional land use is of particular importance. The geographic information systems are widely used as a tool for the formation, processing and application of information on the territorial development of the regional land use in modern land administration systems. The mathematical modelling of the influence of factors on the territorial development of regional land use has been carried out.
{"title":"The main conceptual provisions of the territorial development of the regional land use","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/gac.2021.136682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/gac.2021.136682","url":null,"abstract":": The purpose of the article is to substantiate the basic conceptual provisions for determining the territorial development of regional land use. In accordance with the purpose, the following tasks have been solved: substantiation of theoretical provisions for determining the territorial development of regional land use; determination of features of territorial development of regional land use; formation of hypotheses on the influence of spatial, urban, investment and environmental factors. Peculiarities of territorial development of regional land use are determined. Legal support is proposed. The international practices for ensuring the territorial development of regional land use are summarized, the main directions of which are: the formation and development of land relations on a long-term basis, the determination of the target and functional purpose of lands, the constant registration of cadastral information with the formation of an ecological balance of the land use and considering the peculiarities of interaction between groups of stakeholders. The system of land administration, where its functions (land ownership, valuation, use, development of land) are comprehensively implemented and interact, in the territorial development of regional land use is of particular importance. The geographic information systems are widely used as a tool for the formation, processing and application of information on the territorial development of the regional land use in modern land administration systems. The mathematical modelling of the influence of factors on the territorial development of regional land use has been carried out.","PeriodicalId":44129,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Cartography","volume":"156 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/gac.2021.136678
Daria Bulysheva, Tetiana Movchan, Oksana Malashuk
: The study is devoted to the study of strategic vectors for the development of recreational lands. It is proved that in the current state of the recreational lands of the EU countries there are certain obstacles on the way to the sustainable development of the respective territories. The recreational sphere is deprived of the possibility of balanced development due to the problems of inefficient use of the lands of the respective territories. These lands cannot provide both the need for recreation and the necessary protection and restoration of the environment due to the negative anthropogenic impact. The author’s definition of the term "land strategizing" is given. The components, functions, subjects and the effect of the implementation of the strategy of recreational territories are determined. The proposals for the implementation of the land strategy process using the methodology of foresight forecasting of recreational land use have been developed. The scientifically grounded stages of Foresight forecasting and methods of their implementation from the set of Foresight forecasting methodology are proposed. The logical-structural scheme of land planning for recreational territories based on the foresight methodology is presented. Also the procedure for the foresight methodology implementation in the direction of sustainable management of recreational land use is proposed.
{"title":"Foresight-forecasting in the system of recreational land management","authors":"Daria Bulysheva, Tetiana Movchan, Oksana Malashuk","doi":"10.24425/gac.2021.136678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/gac.2021.136678","url":null,"abstract":": The study is devoted to the study of strategic vectors for the development of recreational lands. It is proved that in the current state of the recreational lands of the EU countries there are certain obstacles on the way to the sustainable development of the respective territories. The recreational sphere is deprived of the possibility of balanced development due to the problems of inefficient use of the lands of the respective territories. These lands cannot provide both the need for recreation and the necessary protection and restoration of the environment due to the negative anthropogenic impact. The author’s definition of the term \"land strategizing\" is given. The components, functions, subjects and the effect of the implementation of the strategy of recreational territories are determined. The proposals for the implementation of the land strategy process using the methodology of foresight forecasting of recreational land use have been developed. The scientifically grounded stages of Foresight forecasting and methods of their implementation from the set of Foresight forecasting methodology are proposed. The logical-structural scheme of land planning for recreational territories based on the foresight methodology is presented. Also the procedure for the foresight methodology implementation in the direction of sustainable management of recreational land use is proposed.","PeriodicalId":44129,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Cartography","volume":"6 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135584361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/gac.2020.135149
Rimvydas Gaudėšius
{"title":"Spatial planning in the Baltic States, affected by depopulation","authors":"Rimvydas Gaudėšius","doi":"10.24425/gac.2020.135149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/gac.2020.135149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44129,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Cartography","volume":"24 44","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135545859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/gac.2021.136683
{"title":"Cross-comparison of meteorological parameters and ZTD observations supplied by microwave radiometers, radiosondes, and GNSS services","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/gac.2021.136683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/gac.2021.136683","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44129,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Cartography","volume":"8 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135678852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/gac.2019.128468
Position time series from permanent Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations are commonly used for estimating secular velocities of discrete points on the Earth’s surface. An understanding of background noise in the GNSS position time series is essential to obtain realistic estimates of velocity uncertainties. The current study focuses on the investigation of background noise in position time series obtained from thirteen permanent GNSS stations located in Nepal Himalaya using the spectral analysis method. The power spectrum of the GNSS position time series has been estimated using the Lomb–Scargle method. The iterative nonlinear Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm has been applied to estimate the spectral index of the power spectrum. The power spectrum can be described by white noise in the high frequency zone and power law noise in the lower frequency zone. The mean and the standard deviation of the estimated spectral indices are −1.46±0.14,−1.39±0.16 and −1.53± 0.07 for north, east and vertical components, respectively. On average, the power law noise extends up to a period of ca. 21 days. For a shorter period, i.e. less than ca. 21 days, the spectra are white. The spectral index corresponding to random walk noise (ca. –2) is obtained for a site located above the base of a seismogenic zone which can be due to the combined effect of tectonic and nontectonic factors rather than a spurious monumental motion. Overall, the usefulness of investigating the background noise in the GNSS position time series is discussed.
{"title":"Investigation of background noise in the GNSS position time series using spectral analysis – A case study of Nepal Himalaya","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/gac.2019.128468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/gac.2019.128468","url":null,"abstract":"Position time series from permanent Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations are commonly used for estimating secular velocities of discrete points on the Earth’s surface. An understanding of background noise in the GNSS position time series is essential to obtain realistic estimates of velocity uncertainties. The current study focuses on the investigation of background noise in position time series obtained from thirteen permanent GNSS stations located in Nepal Himalaya using the spectral analysis method. The power spectrum of the GNSS position time series has been estimated using the Lomb–Scargle method. The iterative nonlinear Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm has been applied to estimate the spectral index of the power spectrum. The power spectrum can be described by white noise in the high frequency zone and power law noise in the lower frequency zone. The mean and the standard deviation of the estimated spectral indices are −1.46±0.14,−1.39±0.16 and −1.53± 0.07 for north, east and vertical components, respectively. On average, the power law noise extends up to a period of ca. 21 days. For a shorter period, i.e. less than ca. 21 days, the spectra are white. The spectral index corresponding to random walk noise (ca. –2) is obtained for a site located above the base of a seismogenic zone which can be due to the combined effect of tectonic and nontectonic factors rather than a spurious monumental motion. Overall, the usefulness of investigating the background noise in the GNSS position time series is discussed.","PeriodicalId":44129,"journal":{"name":"Geodesy and Cartography","volume":"330 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135679045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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