Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/GSMM.2018.8439686
Juyul Lee, Kyung‐Won Kim, Myung-Don Kim, Jae‐Joon Park, H. Chung
Recently, the ITU-R developed a building entry loss (BEL) propagation model covering millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency bands, assuming omnidirectional antenna reception. Anticipating the application of directional beamforming (or antennas) employment in mmWave systems, this paper investigates the antenna beam width effects on the BEL based on 32 GHz measurements. We conducted the measurements with three antennas (Omni, 10° horn and 30° horn) at two building sites. These two buildings were specifically selected as candidates in that they followed the ITU - R building classifications of traditional type and thermally-efficient type. In both buildings, the BEL variations with respect to beam angle rotation were observed to be at least 17 dB (up to 50 dB); therefore, precise beam alignment is required. We also observed that the BEL increases as the beamwidth gets narrower, which is due to the fact that the narrower beamwidth antenna captures fewer multipath components while beamforming gain is normalized when calculating the propagation loss.
{"title":"Empirical Investigation of Antenna Beamwidth Effects on the ITU-R Building Entry Loss (BEL) Model Based on 32 GHz Measurements","authors":"Juyul Lee, Kyung‐Won Kim, Myung-Don Kim, Jae‐Joon Park, H. Chung","doi":"10.1109/GSMM.2018.8439686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GSMM.2018.8439686","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the ITU-R developed a building entry loss (BEL) propagation model covering millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency bands, assuming omnidirectional antenna reception. Anticipating the application of directional beamforming (or antennas) employment in mmWave systems, this paper investigates the antenna beam width effects on the BEL based on 32 GHz measurements. We conducted the measurements with three antennas (Omni, 10° horn and 30° horn) at two building sites. These two buildings were specifically selected as candidates in that they followed the ITU - R building classifications of traditional type and thermally-efficient type. In both buildings, the BEL variations with respect to beam angle rotation were observed to be at least 17 dB (up to 50 dB); therefore, precise beam alignment is required. We also observed that the BEL increases as the beamwidth gets narrower, which is due to the fact that the narrower beamwidth antenna captures fewer multipath components while beamforming gain is normalized when calculating the propagation loss.","PeriodicalId":441407,"journal":{"name":"2018 11th Global Symposium on Millimeter Waves (GSMM)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124858945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-01DOI: 10.1109/GSMM.2018.8439240
T. Reid, S. Sharma
We present a 60 GHz wideband rectangular patch antenna array (8×8) with corporate feed network using meandered probe fed patch in low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology. Each radiating element is composed of a rectangular patch excited by a meandered probe. This array is being fabricated at Kyocera and will be tested for both impedance matching and radiation patterns in the millimeter wave (mmWave) mini-compact range (MCR) of the Antenna and Microwave Lab (AML) at San Diego State University.
{"title":"A 60 GHz 8×8 Planar Array Antenna with Corporate Feed Network using Meandered Probe Fed Patch in LTCC Technology","authors":"T. Reid, S. Sharma","doi":"10.1109/GSMM.2018.8439240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GSMM.2018.8439240","url":null,"abstract":"We present a 60 GHz wideband rectangular patch antenna array (8×8) with corporate feed network using meandered probe fed patch in low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology. Each radiating element is composed of a rectangular patch excited by a meandered probe. This array is being fabricated at Kyocera and will be tested for both impedance matching and radiation patterns in the millimeter wave (mmWave) mini-compact range (MCR) of the Antenna and Microwave Lab (AML) at San Diego State University.","PeriodicalId":441407,"journal":{"name":"2018 11th Global Symposium on Millimeter Waves (GSMM)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132027005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-25DOI: 10.1109/GSMM.2018.8439437
D. Anderson, E. Paradis, G. Raithel, R. Sapiro, C. Holloway
Atomic sensing and measurement of millimeterwave (mmW) and THz electric fields using quantum-optical EIT spectroscopy of Rydberg states in atomic vapors has garnered significant interest in recent years towards the development of atomic electric-field standards and sensor technologies. Here we describe recent work employing small atomic vapor cell sensing elements for near-field imaging of the radiation pattern of a Ku– band horn antenna at 13.49 GHz. We image fields at a spatial resolution of λ/10 and measure over a 72 to 240 V/m field range using off-resonance AC-Stark shifts of a Rydberg resonance. The same atomic sensing element is used to measure sub-THz electric fields at 255 GHz, an increase in mmW-frequency by more than one order of magnitude. The sub-THz field is measured over a continuous ±100 MHz frequency band using a near-resonant mmW atomic transition.
{"title":"High-Resolution Antenna Near-Field Imaging and Sub-THz Measurements with a Small Atomic Vapor-Cell Sensing Element","authors":"D. Anderson, E. Paradis, G. Raithel, R. Sapiro, C. Holloway","doi":"10.1109/GSMM.2018.8439437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GSMM.2018.8439437","url":null,"abstract":"Atomic sensing and measurement of millimeterwave (mmW) and THz electric fields using quantum-optical EIT spectroscopy of Rydberg states in atomic vapors has garnered significant interest in recent years towards the development of atomic electric-field standards and sensor technologies. Here we describe recent work employing small atomic vapor cell sensing elements for near-field imaging of the radiation pattern of a Ku– band horn antenna at 13.49 GHz. We image fields at a spatial resolution of λ/10 and measure over a 72 to 240 V/m field range using off-resonance AC-Stark shifts of a Rydberg resonance. The same atomic sensing element is used to measure sub-THz electric fields at 255 GHz, an increase in mmW-frequency by more than one order of magnitude. The sub-THz field is measured over a continuous ±100 MHz frequency band using a near-resonant mmW atomic transition.","PeriodicalId":441407,"journal":{"name":"2018 11th Global Symposium on Millimeter Waves (GSMM)","volume":"328 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122132600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-04-16DOI: 10.1109/GSMM.2018.8439323
Roohollah Amiri, H. Mehrpouyan
Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication is anticipated to provide significant throughout gains in urban scenarios. To this end, network densification is a necessity to meet the high traffic volume generated by smart phones, tablets, and sensory devices while overcoming large pathloss and high blockages at mmWaves frequencies. These denser networks are created with users deploying small mm Wave base stations (BSs) in a plug-and-play fashion. Although, this deployment method provides the required density, the amorphous deployment of BSs needs distributed management. To address this difficulty, we propose a self-organizing method to allocate power to mm Wave BSs in an ultra dense network. The proposed method consists of two parts: clustering using fast local clustering and power allocation via Q-learning. The important features of the proposed method are its scalability and self-organizing capabilities, which are both important features of 5G. Our simulations demonstrate that the introduced method, provides required quality of service (QoS) for all the users independent of the size of the network.
{"title":"Self-Organizing mm Wave Networks: A Power Allocation Scheme Based on Machine Learning","authors":"Roohollah Amiri, H. Mehrpouyan","doi":"10.1109/GSMM.2018.8439323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GSMM.2018.8439323","url":null,"abstract":"Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication is anticipated to provide significant throughout gains in urban scenarios. To this end, network densification is a necessity to meet the high traffic volume generated by smart phones, tablets, and sensory devices while overcoming large pathloss and high blockages at mmWaves frequencies. These denser networks are created with users deploying small mm Wave base stations (BSs) in a plug-and-play fashion. Although, this deployment method provides the required density, the amorphous deployment of BSs needs distributed management. To address this difficulty, we propose a self-organizing method to allocate power to mm Wave BSs in an ultra dense network. The proposed method consists of two parts: clustering using fast local clustering and power allocation via Q-learning. The important features of the proposed method are its scalability and self-organizing capabilities, which are both important features of 5G. Our simulations demonstrate that the introduced method, provides required quality of service (QoS) for all the users independent of the size of the network.","PeriodicalId":441407,"journal":{"name":"2018 11th Global Symposium on Millimeter Waves (GSMM)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115721869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-22DOI: 10.1109/GSMM.2018.8439313
W. Khawaja, Ö. Özdemir, Yavuz Yapıcı, Ismail Güvenç, Yuichi Kakishima
Millimeter wave (mmWave) technology is expected to dominate the future 5G networks mainly due to large spectrum available at these frequencies. However, coverage deteriorates significantly at mm Wave frequencies due to higher path loss, especially for the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios. In this work, we explore the use of passive reflectors for improving mm Wave signal coverage in NLOS indoor areas. Measurements are carried out using the PXI-based mmWave transceiver platforms from National Instruments operating at 28 GHz, and the results are compared with the outcomes of ray tracing (RT) simulations in a similar environment. For both the measurements and ray tracing simulations, different shapes of metallic passive reflectors are used to observe the coverage (signal strength) statistics on a receiver grid in an NLOS area. For a square metallic sheet reflector of size 24 × 24 in2 and 33 × 33 in2, we observe a significant increase in the received power in the NLOS region, with a median gain of 20 dB when compared to no reflector case. The cylindrical reflector shows more uniform coverage on the receiver grid as compared to flat reflectors that are more directional.
{"title":"Coverage Enhancement for mm Wave Communications using Passive Reflectors","authors":"W. Khawaja, Ö. Özdemir, Yavuz Yapıcı, Ismail Güvenç, Yuichi Kakishima","doi":"10.1109/GSMM.2018.8439313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GSMM.2018.8439313","url":null,"abstract":"Millimeter wave (mmWave) technology is expected to dominate the future 5G networks mainly due to large spectrum available at these frequencies. However, coverage deteriorates significantly at mm Wave frequencies due to higher path loss, especially for the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios. In this work, we explore the use of passive reflectors for improving mm Wave signal coverage in NLOS indoor areas. Measurements are carried out using the PXI-based mmWave transceiver platforms from National Instruments operating at 28 GHz, and the results are compared with the outcomes of ray tracing (RT) simulations in a similar environment. For both the measurements and ray tracing simulations, different shapes of metallic passive reflectors are used to observe the coverage (signal strength) statistics on a receiver grid in an NLOS area. For a square metallic sheet reflector of size 24 × 24 in2 and 33 × 33 in2, we observe a significant increase in the received power in the NLOS region, with a median gain of 20 dB when compared to no reflector case. The cylindrical reflector shows more uniform coverage on the receiver grid as compared to flat reflectors that are more directional.","PeriodicalId":441407,"journal":{"name":"2018 11th Global Symposium on Millimeter Waves (GSMM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131251384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-22DOI: 10.1109/GSMM.2018.8439182
W. Khawaja, O. Ozdemir, I. Guvenc
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are envisioned to be an integral part of future 5G communication systems. The agile nature of UAVs for serving users at different locations can help to dynamically optimize coverage and quality-of-service (QoS) in future networks. In this work, we explore the small scale temporal and spatial characteristics of mm Wave air-to-ground (AG) line-of-sight (LOS) propagation channels at 28 GHz in different environmental scenarios: dense-urban, suburban, rural, and over sea using omni-directional antennas employing Wireless InSite ray tracing software. We classify the received multipath components (MPCs) into persistent and non-persistent components. The small scale temporal and spatial characteristics of the AG propagation channel are found to be dependent on the scatterer properties: number, distribution, and geometry. Additionally, clustering of MPCs in the time and spatial domain for different environments is found to be dependent on the scatterer properties and receiver sensitivity. When the height of the UAV is comparable to the height of the scatterers, we observe large temporal and angular spreads.
{"title":"Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of mm Wave Propagation Channels for UAVs","authors":"W. Khawaja, O. Ozdemir, I. Guvenc","doi":"10.1109/GSMM.2018.8439182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GSMM.2018.8439182","url":null,"abstract":"Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are envisioned to be an integral part of future 5G communication systems. The agile nature of UAVs for serving users at different locations can help to dynamically optimize coverage and quality-of-service (QoS) in future networks. In this work, we explore the small scale temporal and spatial characteristics of mm Wave air-to-ground (AG) line-of-sight (LOS) propagation channels at 28 GHz in different environmental scenarios: dense-urban, suburban, rural, and over sea using omni-directional antennas employing Wireless InSite ray tracing software. We classify the received multipath components (MPCs) into persistent and non-persistent components. The small scale temporal and spatial characteristics of the AG propagation channel are found to be dependent on the scatterer properties: number, distribution, and geometry. Additionally, clustering of MPCs in the time and spatial domain for different environments is found to be dependent on the scatterer properties and receiver sensitivity. When the height of the UAV is comparable to the height of the scatterers, we observe large temporal and angular spreads.","PeriodicalId":441407,"journal":{"name":"2018 11th Global Symposium on Millimeter Waves (GSMM)","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122056036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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