Abstract The assessment tax on land, which paid the occupying army, increased steadily during the 1650s, and soon out-stripped the capacity of the Irish economy, slowly recovering from over a decade of war. Matters came to a head in 1657, when there were efforts by Irish M.P.s at Westminster to reduce the rate, and also pressure from Protestant landowners on the Dublin government to change the way in which the tax was administered. These initiatives brought together landowners from very different backgrounds and from all four provinces, in a coordinated campaign of lobbying which achieved considerable gains in Dublin but was less successful in London. This article uses new evidence to explore the problems endemic within the assessment system, the way in which influence could be brought to bear, and the difficulties encountered by those trying to change policies imposed from across the Irish Sea.
{"title":"Flaying the sheep: the 1657 assessment tax and the problems of government in Cromwellian Ireland","authors":"P. Little","doi":"10.1017/ihs.2023.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2023.4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The assessment tax on land, which paid the occupying army, increased steadily during the 1650s, and soon out-stripped the capacity of the Irish economy, slowly recovering from over a decade of war. Matters came to a head in 1657, when there were efforts by Irish M.P.s at Westminster to reduce the rate, and also pressure from Protestant landowners on the Dublin government to change the way in which the tax was administered. These initiatives brought together landowners from very different backgrounds and from all four provinces, in a coordinated campaign of lobbying which achieved considerable gains in Dublin but was less successful in London. This article uses new evidence to explore the problems endemic within the assessment system, the way in which influence could be brought to bear, and the difficulties encountered by those trying to change policies imposed from across the Irish Sea.","PeriodicalId":44187,"journal":{"name":"IRISH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":"47 1","pages":"59 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44510151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Kilmichael: the life and afterlife of an ambush. By Eve Morrison. Pp 292. Dublin: Irish Academic Press. 2022. €19.95.","authors":"J. O'Callaghan","doi":"10.1017/ihs.2023.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2023.24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44187,"journal":{"name":"IRISH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":"89 4","pages":"173 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41292309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Greta Jones’s ‘Doctors for export’ provides the first comprehensive study of Irish medical migration across the hundred-year period from 1860 to 1960. The study is based on an impressive sample of 4,254 migrant doctors, with information gathered from six of the seven Irish medical schools’ lists of graduates for every five years across the period. Migration as a phenomenon has occurred throughout history but has only been a topic for in-depth study in more recent times. Additionally, historians of medicine are now recognising the importance of studying different types of migration as well as the migration of healthcare workers. Of course, Ireland was not the only country participating in medical emigration, but as Jones argues persuasively the use of Ireland as a case study can ‘contribute to understanding the nature of the phenomenon as a whole’. Through this book Jones seeks to uncover the costs and benefits of migration for both the doctors themselves and Ireland in terms of the impact on class, culture, and education. Her study builds on previous works, such as that of Marguerite Dupree and Anne Crowther, who investigated the experiences of undergraduate medical students in Glasgow and Edinburgh. Jones admits that she drew inspiration from Dupree and Crowther’s book, Medical lives in the age of surgical revolution, for some of the methods and sources used in her book, but ‘Doctors for export’ offers a much larger scale study and over a longer time period. This book, based on an impressive sample of doctors, follows the flow of emigration, mostly to Britain and its empire, but also further afield. The book maps key themes of Irish medical migration through these hundred years, looking at the options and opportunities available to doctors who remained in Ireland and leading on to the factors that might have pushed medical graduates to seek work elsewhere. Jones investigates the role of medical education in the establishment and continuation of the Irish middle class. Considering the importance for families to send their sons (or later daughters) to medical school and the impact of this on the family’s fortunes and social standing, this book offers a new angle on the study of class in Ireland. Additionally, Jones includes an interesting exploration of the impact of partition on medicine, both north and south of the border, comparing experiences and considering the impact of politics on medical education. Finally, there is an examination of the immigration of doctors into Ireland, considering a different but equally interesting angle to medical migration. Jones reflects on how, while still being a significant exporter of doctors, Ireland did not have enough doctors to meet the needs of its own population. She looks at why this was the case and what attempts were made to mitigate the effects of the departure of medical professionals. Overall, Jones concludes that around 40 per cent of Irish medical graduates emigrated to work outside Ireland and t
格里塔·琼斯的“出口医生”提供了爱尔兰医疗移民的第一个综合研究，从1860年到1960年的百年期间。这项研究基于对4254名移民医生的令人印象深刻的样本，并从7所爱尔兰医学院每五年的毕业生名单中收集信息。移民作为一种现象在历史上一直存在，但直到最近才成为深入研究的主题。此外，医学历史学家现在认识到研究不同类型的迁移以及医疗工作者迁移的重要性。当然，爱尔兰并不是唯一一个参与医疗移民的国家，但正如琼斯令人信服地认为，将爱尔兰作为一个案例研究可以“有助于理解整个现象的本质”。通过这本书，琼斯试图揭示移民对医生本身和爱尔兰在阶级、文化和教育方面的影响的成本和收益。她的研究建立在以前的工作基础上，比如玛格丽特·杜普雷和安妮·克劳瑟，他们调查了格拉斯哥和爱丁堡医科本科生的经历。琼斯承认，她从杜普雷和克劳瑟的书《外科手术革命时代的医学生活》(Medical lives in the age of surgical revolution)中获得了灵感，书中使用了一些方法和资料，但《出口医生》(Doctors for export)提供了更大规模、更长期的研究。这本书，基于一个令人印象深刻的医生样本，跟随移民的流动，主要是英国和它的帝国，但也有更远的地方。这本书描绘了这一百年来爱尔兰医疗移民的关键主题，研究了留在爱尔兰的医生的选择和机会，并引导了可能促使医学毕业生到其他地方寻找工作的因素。琼斯调查了医学教育在爱尔兰中产阶级的建立和延续中所起的作用。考虑到家庭将儿子(或后来的女儿)送到医学院的重要性，以及这对家庭财富和社会地位的影响，这本书为研究爱尔兰的阶级提供了一个新的角度。此外，琼斯还有趣地探讨了南北边境划分对医学的影响，比较了经验，并考虑了政治对医学教育的影响。最后，对医生向爱尔兰的移民进行了考察，从一个不同但同样有趣的角度来看待医疗移民。琼斯反思了爱尔兰虽然仍然是一个重要的医生输出国，但却没有足够的医生来满足本国人口的需求。她研究了为什么会出现这种情况，以及为减轻医疗专业人员离职的影响所做的努力。总的来说，琼斯得出的结论是，大约40%的爱尔兰医学毕业生移民到爱尔兰以外的地方工作，其中大多数人去了英国。她对这些毕业生的动机进行了推测，除了明显的赚钱需求之外，她得出的结论是，有多种动机在起作用。其中包括这样一个现实，即爱尔兰医学院鼓励生产过剩，不愿减少其人数，因此鼓励爱尔兰医疗移民。此外，琼斯还讨论了在这段时间里，医疗移民的目的地如何变得更加全球化，包括美国。琼斯的书为爱尔兰的医疗移民提供了一个写得很好的、非常全面的历史。她的研究对爱尔兰医学史做出了重大贡献，更广泛地说，对爱尔兰文化和阶级的研究也做出了重大贡献。鉴于爱尔兰移民的重要性以及爱尔兰移民在国际上的重要性，爱尔兰案例研究对全球移民史的发展领域有很多贡献。在这方面，“出口医生”做出了有益的贡献。
{"title":"‘Doctors for export’: medical migration from Ireland c.1860 to 1960. By Greta Jones. Pp 248. Schöningh: Brill. 2021. €119.","authors":"Ruth Duffy","doi":"10.1017/ihs.2023.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2023.17","url":null,"abstract":"Greta Jones’s ‘Doctors for export’ provides the first comprehensive study of Irish medical migration across the hundred-year period from 1860 to 1960. The study is based on an impressive sample of 4,254 migrant doctors, with information gathered from six of the seven Irish medical schools’ lists of graduates for every five years across the period. Migration as a phenomenon has occurred throughout history but has only been a topic for in-depth study in more recent times. Additionally, historians of medicine are now recognising the importance of studying different types of migration as well as the migration of healthcare workers. Of course, Ireland was not the only country participating in medical emigration, but as Jones argues persuasively the use of Ireland as a case study can ‘contribute to understanding the nature of the phenomenon as a whole’. Through this book Jones seeks to uncover the costs and benefits of migration for both the doctors themselves and Ireland in terms of the impact on class, culture, and education. Her study builds on previous works, such as that of Marguerite Dupree and Anne Crowther, who investigated the experiences of undergraduate medical students in Glasgow and Edinburgh. Jones admits that she drew inspiration from Dupree and Crowther’s book, Medical lives in the age of surgical revolution, for some of the methods and sources used in her book, but ‘Doctors for export’ offers a much larger scale study and over a longer time period. This book, based on an impressive sample of doctors, follows the flow of emigration, mostly to Britain and its empire, but also further afield. The book maps key themes of Irish medical migration through these hundred years, looking at the options and opportunities available to doctors who remained in Ireland and leading on to the factors that might have pushed medical graduates to seek work elsewhere. Jones investigates the role of medical education in the establishment and continuation of the Irish middle class. Considering the importance for families to send their sons (or later daughters) to medical school and the impact of this on the family’s fortunes and social standing, this book offers a new angle on the study of class in Ireland. Additionally, Jones includes an interesting exploration of the impact of partition on medicine, both north and south of the border, comparing experiences and considering the impact of politics on medical education. Finally, there is an examination of the immigration of doctors into Ireland, considering a different but equally interesting angle to medical migration. Jones reflects on how, while still being a significant exporter of doctors, Ireland did not have enough doctors to meet the needs of its own population. She looks at why this was the case and what attempts were made to mitigate the effects of the departure of medical professionals. Overall, Jones concludes that around 40 per cent of Irish medical graduates emigrated to work outside Ireland and t","PeriodicalId":44187,"journal":{"name":"IRISH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":"47 1","pages":"163 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46763486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roberts available at the Dublin City Library and Archives). In July 1916, Drury contracted malaria. For an entire year, he was away from his battalion, returning to Salonika in July 1917, shortly before his unit was ordered to move to Egypt and Palestine (chapter 7). British strategies sought to capture Jerusalem, split the Ottoman Empire and expand Britain’s control over the Middle East. Though they did not participate in the capture of Jerusalem, the 6 Royal Dublin Fusiliers spent four months in the region and marvelled at the landscape of exceptional beauty. Only in December 1917 did they get involved in the defence the Holy City from a Turkish counter-attack (chapter 8), before being sent to France in September 1918 (chapter 9). Quite surprisingly, the armistice (chapter 10) did not meet with any degree of enthusiasm; Drury and his men would have liked nothing more than to ‘get the dirty hounds with the bayonet’ (p. 289). Here, it is worth wondering if battalions less engaged in combat held on to a strong desire to keep fighting. Did little exposure to violence suffice to explain that enthusiasm? Was revenge powerful enough to breed such feeling? Or were these few lines added several years after the conflict had ended? Drury’s loyalty unconditionally lay with the British Empire, as did that of many serving Irishmen at the time. In pondering the motivations of men for enlisting, Drury opined that ‘shame must have been the deciding factor: how could one stay behind when every letter, every article in the papers, every dispatch, called urgently for help for ourmen in France, apparently with their backs to the wall’ (p. 27). This interpretation of volunteering is intriguing; it is not something academics have written about and something which deserves fuller attention. With this additional volume, Grayson not only gives a voice to a Protestant Irishman, but he also tells the academic world, and the public at large, about the sacrifice of all the Irish soldiers and officers who volunteered during the First World War. Grayson’s research at large is of vital importance, even so today. Recently, the Republic of Ireland has participated in centenary commemorations and honoured the memory of all the Irish who had fallen during the conflict. But a resurgence of vivid resentment coupled with contemporary politics has tarnished the all-inclusive spirit advocated by PresidentMichael D. Higgins. On 4 November 2022, the headquarters of the Royal British Legion in Dublin was vandalised by a selfproclaimed group of anti-imperialists. Drury would have no doubt have voiced his disgust at such action, seeing in this act some memorial terrorism spurred by hatred and ignorance. The making of any collective national memory will always be compounded by historical distortions and fabricated myths. And even today, it is much easier to assert that a handful of badly organised rebels liberated the country rather than recognising that 210,000 Irishmen risked their lives f
罗伯茨可以在都柏林城市图书馆和档案馆找到)。1916年7月，德鲁里感染了疟疾。1917年7月，在他的部队被命令前往埃及和巴勒斯坦之前不久，他离开了他的营，回到了萨洛尼卡(Salonika)。英国的战略是夺取耶路撒冷，分裂奥斯曼帝国，扩大英国对中东的控制。虽然他们没有参与占领耶路撒冷，但6名皇家都柏林燧发枪兵在该地区呆了4个月，对那里异常美丽的景观感到惊叹。直到1917年12月，他们才参与保卫圣城，抵御土耳其人的反击(第8章)，然后在1918年9月被派往法国(第9章)。令人惊讶的是，停战(第10章)没有受到任何程度的热情;德鲁里和他的手下最喜欢的就是“用刺刀干掉肮脏的猎犬”(第289页)。在这里，值得思考的是，较少参与战斗的营是否保持着继续战斗的强烈愿望。很少接触暴力足以解释这种热情吗?复仇的力量足以产生这种感觉吗?或者这几句话是在冲突结束几年后加上去的?德鲁里无条件地忠于大英帝国，就像当时许多服役的爱尔兰人一样。在思考人们参军的动机时，德鲁里认为“羞耻感一定是决定因素:当每一封信、报纸上的每一篇文章、每一份急迫地要求为我们在法国的士兵提供帮助时，我们怎么能留下来呢?”(第27页)。这种对志愿服务的解读很有趣;这不是学者们写过的东西，也不是值得更充分关注的东西。在这本新书中，格雷森不仅表达了一个爱尔兰新教徒的心声，而且还向学术界和广大公众讲述了第一次世界大战期间志愿参加战争的所有爱尔兰士兵和军官的牺牲。即使在今天，格雷森的研究总体上也是至关重要的。最近，爱尔兰共和国参加了百年纪念活动，纪念在冲突中牺牲的所有爱尔兰人。但是，鲜明的怨恨情绪卷土重来，再加上当代政治，已经玷污了迈克尔·d·希金斯(michael D. Higgins)总统倡导的包容一切的精神。2022年11月4日，都柏林的英国皇家军团总部遭到一群自称反帝国主义者的破坏。德鲁里无疑会对这种行为表示厌恶，认为这是一种由仇恨和无知引发的纪念恐怖主义。任何集体民族记忆的形成总是伴随着历史扭曲和虚构的神话。即使在今天，断言是少数组织糟糕的叛军解放了这个国家，也比承认21万爱尔兰人冒着生命危险保卫大英帝国和爱尔兰要容易得多。
{"title":"Donegal: the Irish Revolution, 1912–23. By Pauric Travers. Pp 183. Dublin: Four Courts Press. 2022. € 24.95.","authors":"Patrick Mulroe","doi":"10.1017/ihs.2023.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2023.20","url":null,"abstract":"Roberts available at the Dublin City Library and Archives). In July 1916, Drury contracted malaria. For an entire year, he was away from his battalion, returning to Salonika in July 1917, shortly before his unit was ordered to move to Egypt and Palestine (chapter 7). British strategies sought to capture Jerusalem, split the Ottoman Empire and expand Britain’s control over the Middle East. Though they did not participate in the capture of Jerusalem, the 6 Royal Dublin Fusiliers spent four months in the region and marvelled at the landscape of exceptional beauty. Only in December 1917 did they get involved in the defence the Holy City from a Turkish counter-attack (chapter 8), before being sent to France in September 1918 (chapter 9). Quite surprisingly, the armistice (chapter 10) did not meet with any degree of enthusiasm; Drury and his men would have liked nothing more than to ‘get the dirty hounds with the bayonet’ (p. 289). Here, it is worth wondering if battalions less engaged in combat held on to a strong desire to keep fighting. Did little exposure to violence suffice to explain that enthusiasm? Was revenge powerful enough to breed such feeling? Or were these few lines added several years after the conflict had ended? Drury’s loyalty unconditionally lay with the British Empire, as did that of many serving Irishmen at the time. In pondering the motivations of men for enlisting, Drury opined that ‘shame must have been the deciding factor: how could one stay behind when every letter, every article in the papers, every dispatch, called urgently for help for ourmen in France, apparently with their backs to the wall’ (p. 27). This interpretation of volunteering is intriguing; it is not something academics have written about and something which deserves fuller attention. With this additional volume, Grayson not only gives a voice to a Protestant Irishman, but he also tells the academic world, and the public at large, about the sacrifice of all the Irish soldiers and officers who volunteered during the First World War. Grayson’s research at large is of vital importance, even so today. Recently, the Republic of Ireland has participated in centenary commemorations and honoured the memory of all the Irish who had fallen during the conflict. But a resurgence of vivid resentment coupled with contemporary politics has tarnished the all-inclusive spirit advocated by PresidentMichael D. Higgins. On 4 November 2022, the headquarters of the Royal British Legion in Dublin was vandalised by a selfproclaimed group of anti-imperialists. Drury would have no doubt have voiced his disgust at such action, seeing in this act some memorial terrorism spurred by hatred and ignorance. The making of any collective national memory will always be compounded by historical distortions and fabricated myths. And even today, it is much easier to assert that a handful of badly organised rebels liberated the country rather than recognising that 210,000 Irishmen risked their lives f","PeriodicalId":44187,"journal":{"name":"IRISH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":"47 1","pages":"167 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46788365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ireland and the Crusades. Edited by Edward Coleman, Paul Duffy and Tadhg O'Keeffe. Pp 256. Dublin: Four Courts Press. 2022. €55.","authors":"Brendan Smith","doi":"10.1017/ihs.2023.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2023.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44187,"journal":{"name":"IRISH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49658913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article explores the legal strategies of negotiation employed by Gaelic lords in early modern Munster through a case study of the O'Driscoll lordship of Collymore, County Cork. The late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries produced an environment of intense legal contestation, as indigenous legal practices and hierarchies were methodically attacked by the colonial administration. But, as English administrators attempted to eradicate Irish legal precedent (and with it the legitimacy of the Gaelic aristocracy), Gaelic lords responded with new and often innovative legal strategies. The territory of Collymore presents a microcosm of the legal tensions produced by and under the Munster plantation, subject to competing claims by rival O'Driscoll heirs, MacCarthy Reagh overlords, ‘Old English’ neighbours and incoming planters. This article offers a reconstruction and analysis of the complex legal disputes surrounding Collymore. It argues that through otherwise routine legal interactions like inheritance disputes and chancery suits, Irish lords reframed their authority in the vocabulary of English law, trading tanistry for primogeniture and the language of overlordship for that of landlordship. Through these rhetorical and theoretical shifts, they attempted to redefine the very basis and nature of their authority.
{"title":"Overlords, underlords and landlords: negotiating land and lordship in plantation Munster","authors":"M. K. Smith","doi":"10.1017/ihs.2023.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2023.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article explores the legal strategies of negotiation employed by Gaelic lords in early modern Munster through a case study of the O'Driscoll lordship of Collymore, County Cork. The late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries produced an environment of intense legal contestation, as indigenous legal practices and hierarchies were methodically attacked by the colonial administration. But, as English administrators attempted to eradicate Irish legal precedent (and with it the legitimacy of the Gaelic aristocracy), Gaelic lords responded with new and often innovative legal strategies. The territory of Collymore presents a microcosm of the legal tensions produced by and under the Munster plantation, subject to competing claims by rival O'Driscoll heirs, MacCarthy Reagh overlords, ‘Old English’ neighbours and incoming planters. This article offers a reconstruction and analysis of the complex legal disputes surrounding Collymore. It argues that through otherwise routine legal interactions like inheritance disputes and chancery suits, Irish lords reframed their authority in the vocabulary of English law, trading tanistry for primogeniture and the language of overlordship for that of landlordship. Through these rhetorical and theoretical shifts, they attempted to redefine the very basis and nature of their authority.","PeriodicalId":44187,"journal":{"name":"IRISH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":"47 1","pages":"38 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45122496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
guing study by Catherine Swift of the appearance of the surname ‘Palmer’ in early thirteenthcentury Dublin records could be usefully developed into a more substantial project. Paul Duffy’s analysis of the possible existence of a cult of Simon de Montfort in medieval Meath is stimulating, while Ciarán McDonnell traces Geoffrey de Genenville’s crusader credentials. Was the crusade preached in Ireland with the same frequency as it was in England? Can any useful comparisons with respect to Irish attitudes to the Crusades be made from consideration of Archbishop Baldwin’s successful crusade precaching tour in Wales in the late 1180s, as detailed by Gerald of Wales? Was the Irish financial system altered by the need to raise cash for Richard I’s ransom in the early 1190s as he returned from crusade? What sums were raised for crusading in medieval Ireland? These rather obvious questions are not raised in a volume which advances understanding of its subject incrementally but which eschews setting a new and much needed agenda for research.
凯瑟琳·斯威夫特（Catherine Swift）对“帕尔默”（Palmer）姓氏在三世纪初都柏林记录中的出现进行的研究，可以有效地发展成为一个更实质性的项目。保罗·达菲（Paul Duffy）对中世纪米斯（Meath）可能存在的西蒙·德·蒙福特（Simon de Montfort）邪教的分析令人振奋，而西兰·麦克唐奈（Ciarán McDonnell）则追溯了杰弗里·德·吉南维尔（Geoffrey de Genenville）的十字军身份。十字军东征在爱尔兰的传播频率和在英国一样吗？正如威尔士的杰拉尔德所详述的那样，考虑到18世纪18年代末鲍德温大主教在威尔士成功的十字军东征预备之旅，爱尔兰人对十字军东军东征的态度有什么有用的比较吗？19世纪19年代初，当理查一世从十字军东征归来时，爱尔兰的金融体系是否因需要筹集赎金而改变？中世纪的爱尔兰为讨伐筹集了多少资金？这些相当明显的问题并没有在一本逐渐加深对其主题理解的书中提出，而是避免了为研究制定新的、急需的议程。
{"title":"Ireland's English Pale, 1470–1550. By Steven G. Ellis. Pp 200. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. 2021. £75.","authors":"Henry A. Jefferies","doi":"10.1017/ihs.2023.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2023.12","url":null,"abstract":"guing study by Catherine Swift of the appearance of the surname ‘Palmer’ in early thirteenthcentury Dublin records could be usefully developed into a more substantial project. Paul Duffy’s analysis of the possible existence of a cult of Simon de Montfort in medieval Meath is stimulating, while Ciarán McDonnell traces Geoffrey de Genenville’s crusader credentials. Was the crusade preached in Ireland with the same frequency as it was in England? Can any useful comparisons with respect to Irish attitudes to the Crusades be made from consideration of Archbishop Baldwin’s successful crusade precaching tour in Wales in the late 1180s, as detailed by Gerald of Wales? Was the Irish financial system altered by the need to raise cash for Richard I’s ransom in the early 1190s as he returned from crusade? What sums were raised for crusading in medieval Ireland? These rather obvious questions are not raised in a volume which advances understanding of its subject incrementally but which eschews setting a new and much needed agenda for research.","PeriodicalId":44187,"journal":{"name":"IRISH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":"47 1","pages":"156 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47387618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article highlights some of the historiographical trends over the past one hundred years in how the Irish diaspora in early medieval Europe has been studied. The role of the peregrini, the Irish monastic exiles who left Ireland for Britain and continental Europe from the sixth century onwards, has to some extent been marginal and tangential to the historiography of this island. Forms of modern ‘Irophobia’ in some scholarship have also led to an obfuscation of the early medieval religious and ethnic landscape by seeking to minimise Irish cultural influence. The article argues that by contextualising the phenomenon of Irish clerical exile in Europe within broader theological and comparative frameworks, further research in this field has the potential to clarify the influence of the Irish and to show how the experience of exile contributed to the formation of both Irish and European identities in the middle ages.
{"title":"A lacuna in Irish historiography: the Irish peregrini from Eoin MacNeill to The Cambridge history of Ireland and beyond","authors":"Alexander O’Hara","doi":"10.1017/ihs.2023.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2023.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article highlights some of the historiographical trends over the past one hundred years in how the Irish diaspora in early medieval Europe has been studied. The role of the peregrini, the Irish monastic exiles who left Ireland for Britain and continental Europe from the sixth century onwards, has to some extent been marginal and tangential to the historiography of this island. Forms of modern ‘Irophobia’ in some scholarship have also led to an obfuscation of the early medieval religious and ethnic landscape by seeking to minimise Irish cultural influence. The article argues that by contextualising the phenomenon of Irish clerical exile in Europe within broader theological and comparative frameworks, further research in this field has the potential to clarify the influence of the Irish and to show how the experience of exile contributed to the formation of both Irish and European identities in the middle ages.","PeriodicalId":44187,"journal":{"name":"IRISH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":"47 1","pages":"1 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47744518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The political thought of the Irish Revolution. Edited by Richard Bourke and Niamh Gallagher. Pp 389. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2022. £22.99.","authors":"Seán Donnelly","doi":"10.1017/ihs.2023.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2023.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44187,"journal":{"name":"IRISH HISTORICAL STUDIES","volume":"47 1","pages":"152 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42716886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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