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Catholic Health Care and the Mission Leader: A Religious Exercise. 天主教保健和传教领袖:一种宗教实践
IF 0.4 Q4 MEDICAL ETHICS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/00243639231197725
Andrew Santos

Inspired by the Divine Healer Jesus of Nazareth, Catholic healthcare has been a religious exercise since its inception. First practiced in the setting of the monastery in the earliest centuries AD and incarnated over two millennia by a variety of religious orders of consecrated men and women, Catholic healthcare today faces a crisis of identity. The role of the mission leader, envisioned by the religious brothers and sisters who founded various Catholic healthcare organizations, was a primary conduit to preserve the charisms of the founders and ensure the identity of Catholic healthcare as a religious exercise and ministry of the Church. With data from a recent survey of Catholic healthcare mission leaders, a number of critical challenges currently confront the role of mission leader and will potentially inhibit that role from fulfilling its original mandate. This article will present the findings of this survey, analyze the resulting challenges and present specific recommendations to strengthen the role of the mission leader and ensure Catholic healthcare will remain true to its ethos as a ministry of the Church and religious exercise.

受拿撒勒的神圣治疗师耶稣的启发,天主教医疗保健自成立以来一直是一项宗教活动。最早在公元几个世纪的修道院中实践,2000多年来由各种献身的男女宗教团体化身,天主教医疗保健今天面临着身份危机。由创立各种天主教医疗保健组织的宗教兄弟姐妹所设想的传教领袖的角色,是维护创始人魅力和确保天主教医疗保健作为宗教活动和教会事工的身份的主要渠道。根据最近对天主教保健团团长的调查数据,团团长的角色目前面临着一些严峻的挑战,这些挑战可能会阻碍该角色履行其最初的任务。本文将介绍这项调查的结果,分析由此产生的挑战,并提出具体的建议,以加强特派团领导人的作用,并确保天主教医疗保健将继续忠实于其作为教会和宗教活动的精神。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring Collaborative Efforts Toward Promoting Better Eating Habits among Autistic Children in the United Arab Emirates. 探索在阿拉伯联合酋长国促进自闭症儿童更好饮食习惯的合作努力
IF 0.5 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-22 DOI: 10.1177/00243639231156701
Maxwell Peprah Opoku, Ashraf Mustafa, Noora Anwahi, Haseena Shah, Salma Aldhaheri, Aysha Almeqbaali, Thara Alkateri, Shashidhar Belbase

According to the principle of duty of care, adults in the lives of children with disabilities such as autistic children are expected to promote their development. The Nutbeam's health literacy model was adopted to explore the efforts of special education teachers and parents toward promoting better eating habits among autistic children in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Twenty-one participants, comprising fifteen special education teachers and six parents with autistic children, were examined in this study. The results indicated that some special education teachers' and parents' limited understanding of unhealthy food might impact the development of autistic children. Furthermore, the findings also highlight the lack of collaboration and communication between teachers regarding the nutrition and healthy living of autistic children. The findings have practical consequences, such as urging UAE health policymakers to provide professional development for special education instructors and parents of autistic children.

根据照顾义务原则,成年人在残疾儿童的生活中,如自闭症儿童,应促进他们的发展。Nutbam的健康素养模型被采用,以探索阿拉伯联合酋长国(UAE)特殊教育教师和家长为促进自闭症儿童更好的饮食习惯所做的努力。21名参与者,包括15名特殊教育教师和6名患有自闭症儿童的家长,在这项研究中接受了检查。研究结果表明,一些特殊教育教师和家长对不健康食品的有限理解可能会影响自闭症儿童的发育。此外,研究结果还强调了教师之间在自闭症儿童的营养和健康生活方面缺乏合作和沟通。这些发现具有实际意义,例如敦促阿联酋卫生政策制定者为特殊教育教师和自闭症儿童的父母提供专业发展。
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引用次数: 0
Is There Such a Thing as Theological Medicine? 神学医学真的存在吗?
IF 0.5 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.1177/00243639231178608
Ernst R von Schwarz, Karine Vartanian, Aubriana Angel Schwarz, Laurent Cleenewerck de Kiev

The idea that science must be understood in existential contradiction to religion and even theology is more of a conviction than a philosophical or experiential necessity. Indeed, we may now propose "Theological Medicine" as a new terminology for a perennial reality: that most physicians, health care providers, patients, and their caretakers experience the reality of illness within a theological framework, at least for those who have some degree of spiritual or religious belief. Developing a curriculum in Theological Medicine could develop a mechanism to offer appropriate training to healthcare providers. Such a course would have to be created and delivered by experienced physicians and nursing staff, spiritual advisors, clergy representatives such as pastors or priests from different churches or faith communities, bioethicists, psychologists, social workers, psychotherapists, patient support group members, members of institutional review boards, researchers, and even legal advisors, if available. Continuing professional education requirements also create an opportunity to introduce and evaluate competency in theological medicine, an emerging discipline that could add significant value to the lived experience of medical practice which remains based on the uniquely rich relationship between physician and patient.

科学必须被理解为与宗教甚至神学存在矛盾的观点,与其说是哲学或经验上的必然,不如说是一种信念。事实上,我们现在可以提出“神学医学”作为一个长期存在的现实的新术语:大多数医生、卫生保健提供者、病人和他们的照顾者在神学框架内经历疾病的现实,至少对那些有某种程度的精神或宗教信仰的人来说是这样。开设神学医学课程可以建立一种机制,为医疗保健提供者提供适当的培训。这样的课程必须由经验丰富的医生和护理人员、精神顾问、神职人员代表(如来自不同教会或信仰团体的牧师或神父)、生物伦理学家、心理学家、社会工作者、心理治疗师、患者支持小组成员、机构审查委员会成员、研究人员、甚至法律顾问(如果有的话)创建和讲授。继续专业教育的要求也创造了一个机会来介绍和评估神学医学的能力,神学医学是一门新兴学科,可以为基于医患之间独特的丰富关系的医疗实践的生活经验增加重要价值。
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引用次数: 0
Where Two or Three Are Gathered. 两三个人聚集的地方
IF 0.5 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1177/00243639231184039
Lealani Mae Y Acosta

Remembering Christ's words of His presence when two or three are gathered, a physician and a patient's wife join in prayer, knowing that Christ shares our wounds as much as He heals them.

当两三个人聚在一起时,一位医生和一位病人的妻子会想起基督所说的祂的同在,一起祷告,因为他们知道基督在医治我们的伤口的同时,也在分担我们的创伤。
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引用次数: 0
Returning to Prayer. 回归祈祷
IF 0.5 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1177/00243639241242347
Michelle Stanford, Barbara Golder
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引用次数: 0
Ethical Concerns and Love in Three-Person DNA Technique. 三人DNA技术中的伦理关怀与爱
IF 0.5 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1177/00243639231197418
Victor C Ajluni
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引用次数: 0
Catholic Teaching: A Middle Ground and Guide for End-of-Life Care and Decision-Making and an Antidote for Dying Badly in America. 天主教教学:临终关怀和决策的中间立场和指南,也是美国病逝的解药
IF 0.4 Q4 MEDICAL ETHICS Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-04 DOI: 10.1177/00243639221141230
Jennifer L Kozakowski

Dying in the United States is characterized as: medicalized, depersonalized, high technology, fragmented with frequent transitions among care settings, burdensome to patients and families, driven by efficiency and effectiveness, and lacking in key areas, for example, access to palliative care and adequate pain and symptom treatment. Patients and families are often left with a choice of two extremes: vitalism or utilitarian pessimism (utilitarianism). The Catholic Church, however, rejects both of these extremes, and Catholic social teaching (CST) at end of life focuses on ordinary-extraordinary treatments/means, a culture of life and human dignity, accompaniment and community, and caring for whole persons through the end of life. The Catholic tradition of ordinary-extraordinary means is helpful to guide complex end-of-life decisions, regardless of one's religious beliefs, and offers a middle ground between vitalism and utilitarianism that can inform end-of-life care and decision-making for all patients in Catholic health care. While it does not provide answers, it offers guidance and enables conversations that are crucial for the dying and their families to make autonomous, informed decisions about end-of-life care. It provides an opportunity for the dying to let the care team, loved ones, and decision-makers know what a life with meaning, purpose, and passion is for them-and how they want to live and die. This article will summarize the problem, describe end-of-life Catholic teaching, and discuss how it offers a middle-ground. Arguments for and against vitalism and utilitarianism will be explored, including a discussion of CST's response to those receiving care in Catholic health care facilities who are outside the Catholic tradition and do not believe in the teaching. The last section describes a model of collaborative partnership where local parishes and Catholic health care come together to tackle the challenges of caring for and ministering to the seriously ill and those facing death.

在美国,死亡的特点是:医疗化、去个性化、高科技、分散且在护理机构之间频繁转换、对患者和家庭造成负担、受效率和效果的驱动,以及在关键领域缺乏,例如,获得姑息治疗和适当的疼痛和症状治疗。患者和家属通常只能在两个极端中做出选择:生机主义或功利主义悲观主义(utilitarianism)。然而,天主教会拒绝这两种极端,天主教的社会教导(CST)在生命结束时关注普通-非凡的治疗/手段,生命和人类尊严的文化,陪伴和社区,以及照顾整个人直到生命结束。无论一个人的宗教信仰如何,天主教的普通-特殊手段传统有助于指导复杂的临终决定,并在生机论和功利主义之间提供了一个中间立场,可以为天主教医疗保健中的所有患者提供临终护理和决策。虽然它不提供答案,但它提供了指导,并促成了对临终者及其家人做出自主、知情的临终护理决定至关重要的对话。它为临终者提供了一个机会,让护理团队、亲人和决策者知道,对他们来说,有意义、有目的、有激情的生活是什么——以及他们希望如何生与死。本文将总结这个问题,描述临终天主教教义,并讨论它如何提供一个中间立场。支持和反对活力论和功利主义的争论将被探讨,包括CST对那些在天主教医疗机构接受护理的人的回应,这些人不在天主教传统之外,不相信教学。最后一节描述了一种合作伙伴关系模式,在这种模式下,地方教区和天主教保健机构走到一起,共同应对照顾和服务重病患者和面临死亡的人的挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Current Challenges for Conscientious Objection by Physicians in Spain. 西班牙医生目前对良心拒服兵役的挑战
IF 0.4 Q4 MEDICAL ETHICS Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-10 DOI: 10.1177/00243639231184352
Vicente Soriano, Borja Montero

The College of Physicians of Madrid organized an open debate on conscientious objection (CO) in the medical profession on September 14, 2022. We summarize here the main arguments discussed. CO is defined as the right to raise exceptions to the performance of legal duties when they involve a contravention of personal convictions, whether religious, moral, or philosophical. It is not insubordination. Some authors contend that any decision by elected authorities should be uniformly followed by all citizens, physicians not being an exception. However, suppressing the ethical dimension of medical care may have an unacceptable cost with harm to physicians, their patients, and ultimately society. Health professionals are not blind instruments or mere "executors." The practice of medicine must follow the aim of the profession, namely the pursuit of the patient's good. Medical care must conform to medical ethics, which was first defined twenty-five centuries ago in the Hippocratic oath, and summarized with the triad of precepts "cure, relief, accompaniment." Since then and particularly in light of the Nuremberg trials, most medical declarations have highlighted the duty of defending human life and the importance of CO. In modern societies, there may be medical services that are not health care, even if they are legal. Then, which comes first law or ethics? Ultimately, CO is the tool that protects the freedom of the physician to refuse to perform actions that go against the values of medical ethics. With respect to the recent Spanish laws on abortion, euthanasia, and sex re-assignment of minors, if administrators want to know who is available for a health service that raises issues of conformity to medical ethics, requesting a list of volunteers is preferable to producing an objector list. Asking for registration of conscientious objectors goes against the right to privacy and is coercive, intrusive, and abusive.

马德里医师学院于2022年9月14日组织了一场关于医学界良心拒服兵役(CO)的公开辩论。我们在此总结讨论过的主要论点。条例的定义是,当履行法律职责涉及违反个人信仰(无论是宗教、道德或哲学信仰)时,有权提出例外情况。这不是不服从。一些作者认为,民选当局的任何决定都应该得到全体公民的一致遵守,医生也不例外。然而,压制医疗保健的伦理层面可能会对医生、病人和最终社会造成不可接受的伤害。卫生专业人员不是盲目的工具或仅仅是“执行者”。行医必须遵循职业的宗旨,即追求病人的利益。医疗必须符合医学伦理,这在25个世纪前的希波克拉底誓言中首次被定义,并以“治疗、救济、陪伴”这三个戒律进行了总结。从那时起,特别是考虑到纽伦堡审判,大多数医疗声明都强调了捍卫人类生命的义务和CO的重要性。在现代社会中,可能存在不属于保健的医疗服务,即使它们是合法的。那么,法律和道德哪个先来呢?最终,CO是保护医生拒绝执行违背医学道德价值观的行为的自由的工具。关于西班牙最近关于堕胎、安乐死和未成年人性别重新分配的法律,如果行政人员想知道谁可以提供符合医疗伦理问题的保健服务,最好是要求提供一份志愿人员名单,而不是提供一份反对名单。要求登记反对者违反隐私权,是强制性的、侵入性的和滥用性的。
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引用次数: 0
A Reply: Conversation, Not Compulsion. 回复:对话,而非强迫。
IF 0.4 Q4 MEDICAL ETHICS Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1177/00243639241227104
Abram Brummett, Marlee Mason-Maready, Victoria Whiting
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Winners of the Annual Education Conference Poster Session 2023. 2023 年教育年会海报环节获奖者。
IF 0.5 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1177/00243639231210191
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引用次数: 0
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Linacre Quarterly
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