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Challenges, Conflicts, and Opportunities. 挑战、冲突和机遇。
IF 0.4 Q4 MEDICAL ETHICS Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1177/00243639241285509
Barbara Golder
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引用次数: 0
God and the Imperfect Practice of Medicine. 上帝与不完美的医学实践
IF 0.4 Q4 MEDICAL ETHICS Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1177/00243639241285515
Tod Worner
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引用次数: 0
Appalachia - Bridging the Opioid Epidemic Amid the Fentanyl Crisis. 阿巴拉契亚 - 在芬太尼危机中弥合阿片类药物流行。
IF 0.4 Q4 MEDICAL ETHICS Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1177/00243639241245103
Tammy Ann Fecci

Although the opioid epidemic and fentanyl crisis are nationwide problems of immense proportions, calming the storm raging across the isolating geo-economic framework of Appalachia demonstrates the need for courageous, culturally effective programs that have the power to address and overcome the grave situation of addiction in this region. In the Appalachian region, unjust social structures are embedded in the communities' socio-economic conditions. As this reality poses even greater barriers to addressing the opioid epidemic in these communities, the restoration of social relationships within a community becomes vital to the development of a broader approach to social functioning and human flourishing. Faith traditions and faith communities can play an important role in helping to establish and support such social cohesion through attention to the individual, social, and spiritual needs of the community. This essay explores the complex problem of the opioid epidemic compounded by the fentanyl crisis. It considers the importance of public health research within the regional geo-economic framework of Appalachia to (a) inform policies that improve health inequities and promote social cohesion, (b) develop social solutions with a spiritual dimension, and (c) reveal remedies capable of informing moral norms in support of building a more just society. Reflecting on the virtue of solidarity, this essay also highlights the witness of the Catholic Church's response to the suffering experienced within the communities and the societies within the Appalachian mountains. While there may be considerable interest in viewing this article as a research document, foundationally, this essay utilizes a literary narrative approach through a Catholic lens to inform ethical deliberations, reasoning, and practice while supporting ethical reflection and consideration of the responses raised. Further, the reader is strongly encouraged to reference the comprehensive footnote system provided for extension and verification of the data presented.

尽管阿片类药物流行和芬太尼危机是全国性的巨大问题,但要平息阿巴拉契亚孤立的地缘经济框架内肆虐的风暴,就需要制定勇敢的、文化上有效的计划,这些计划有能力解决并克服该地区吸毒成瘾的严峻形势。在阿巴拉契亚地区,不公正的社会结构根植于社区的社会经济条件中。由于这一现实对解决这些社区的阿片类药物流行问题构成了更大的障碍,因此恢复社区内的社会关系对于发展更广泛的社会功能和人类繁荣的方法至关重要。信仰传统和信仰社区可以通过关注社区的个人、社会和精神需求,在帮助建立和支持这种社会凝聚力方面发挥重要作用。本文探讨了因芬太尼危机而加剧的阿片类药物流行这一复杂问题。文章认为,在阿巴拉契亚地区的地缘经济框架内开展公共卫生研究具有重要意义:(a) 为改善健康不平等和促进社会凝聚力的政策提供信息;(b) 制定具有精神层面的社会解决方案;(c) 揭示能够为道德规范提供信息的补救措施,以支持建设一个更加公正的社会。在反思团结美德的同时,本文还强调了天主教会对阿巴拉契亚山区的社区和社会所经历的苦难做出回应的见证。虽然将本文视为研究文献可能会引起相当大的兴趣,但从根本上讲,本文通过天主教的视角,利用文学叙事的方法,为伦理审议、推理和实践提供信息,同时支持对所提出的回应进行伦理反思和思考。此外,我们强烈建议读者参考所提供的综合脚注系统,以扩展和验证所提供的数据。
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引用次数: 0
Philosophical and Moral Issues of Organ Transplantation at the Close of the Twentieth Century. 二十世纪末期器官移植的哲学和道德问题。
IF 0.4 Q4 MEDICAL ETHICS Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1177/00243639241286047
Rev Father Joseph C Howard

Editor's note: Organ transplantation and the associated ethical topics such as the criteria for brain death continue to be of critical interest to Catholics, both physician and lay. Thirty years ago, Fr. Joseph Howard took a look at the philosophical and moral aspects of organ transplantation, and his words are still relevant today. New, recent insights into the residual functioning of the brain in the face of extensive injuries pose an additional question for Catholic physicians: to what extent do we owe a duty to our patients to explain to them the nature of the uncertainties and debates surrounding both donation and transplantation, in order for them to make an informed decision for themselves or their loved ones? Linacre Quarterly. 1994 Nov;61(4):57-64.

编者按:器官移植和相关的伦理话题,如脑死亡的标准,仍然是天主教徒(包括医生和教友)非常关心的问题。三十年前,约瑟夫-霍华德(Joseph Howard)神父对器官移植的哲学和道德问题进行了探讨,他的话至今仍有现实意义。最近,人们对大面积损伤后大脑的残余功能有了新的认识,这给天主教医生提出了另一个问题:我们在多大程度上有责任向病人解释有关捐赠和移植的不确定性和争论,以便他们为自己或亲人做出知情的决定?Linacre Quarterly.1994年11月;61(4):57-64。
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引用次数: 0
Transformation: From (Trans-)Gender Roles to Profiles. 转型:从(跨性别)角色到简介
IF 0.4 Q4 MEDICAL ETHICS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1177/00243639231184041
Hans-Georg Moeller, Paul J D'Ambrosio, Aglaja Stirn, Jorge Ponseti

Combining a philosophical approach with empirical psychology, this essay investigates the relationship between "profilicity," the formation of identity in orientation to profiles, and gender identity. We discuss empirical research that indicates a significant difference between transgender identity in traditional (collectivist) and modern (individualist) societies. We suggest that this difference is due to a shift in the formation of gender identity away from gender roles and toward gender profiles. To substantiate this claim, we first outline a basic theoretical terminology of identity and gender. Then, we critically analyze the representation of gender, including transgender, in contemporary popular culture. Finally-with a descriptive, but not therapeutic intention-we discuss several case studies of identity formation of transgender people. We conclude that theoretical problems arising from historical shifts in gender identity formation, including transgender identity formation, are best conceptualized in terms of profilicity rather than in the still prevailing semantics of authenticity.

本文将哲学方法与实证心理学相结合,研究了“轮廓性”、在指向轮廓的过程中身份的形成与性别认同之间的关系。我们讨论的实证研究表明,在传统(集体主义)社会和现代(个人主义)社会中,跨性别者身份存在显著差异。我们认为,这种差异是由于性别认同的形成从性别角色转向性别特征。为了证实这一说法,我们首先概述了身份和性别的基本理论术语。然后,我们批判性地分析了包括跨性别在内的性别在当代流行文化中的表现。最后,我们讨论了跨性别者身份形成的几个案例研究,目的是描述性的,但不是治疗性的。我们得出的结论是,由性别认同形成的历史转变引起的理论问题,包括跨性别认同形成,最好是从轮廓性的角度来概念化,而不是从仍然流行的真实性语义来概念化。
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引用次数: 0
Principles of Bioethics for Christian Physicians: Autonomy and Respect. 基督教医生的生命伦理学原则》:自主与尊重。
IF 0.4 Q4 MEDICAL ETHICS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/00243639241228664
Alexander J Lozano
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引用次数: 0
The Medical, Sociological, Psychological, Religious, and Spiritual Aspects of Masturbation and a Potential Approach to Therapy Based on Catholic Teaching and Virtues Psychology. 手淫的医学、社会学、心理学、宗教和精神方面以及基于天主教教学和美德心理学的潜在治疗方法
IF 0.4 Q4 MEDICAL ETHICS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.1177/00243639231199058
Paul C Vitz, William V Williams

Masturbation is common and generally accepted in Western society as a normal, healthy activity. In contrast, the Catholic Church holds that masturbation is immoral. Noting that the human person is a profound unity of body and spirit, if the Church is correct, masturbation should have negative effects on the human person. If the secular view is correct, masturbation should have conversely positive effects. This paper is divided into three parts. An in-depth literature survey was performed to evaluate the physical, medical, psychological, sociological and spiritual correlates of masturbation. The second part is a theological summary of the Catholic understanding of masturbation. The third part is an approach to therapy. Physically, masturbation was found to be less sexually satisfying than intercourse. Medical complications include penile injury and self-asphyxial behavior. Psychologically, masturbation was found to be associated with depression, anxiety, immature defenses, hypersexuality, guilt, poor body self-image and stress in the workplace. Sociologically most studies indicate a negative correlation between masturbation and relationship satisfaction, quality, intimacy, relational happiness, emotional satisfaction with the partner, trust, passion, and love. Spiritually, masturbation is highly positively correlated with pornography consumption and negatively with religion and religiosity. There is a higher rate of masturbation in homosexuals and bisexuals than in heterosexuals. Theologically, masturbation and pornography directly violate the religious virtue of chastity, undermining one's prayer life and the motivation to develop a spiritual life. Therapeutically, positive psychology, which emphasizes cultivating what it identifies as virtues, including justice, courage, temperance, wisdom (similar to prudence), transcendence (similar to hope) and humanity (similar to charity), can be used to counsel individuals struggling with masturbation. Once the harms are understood, a person can be counseled that this temptation represents a challenge, an opportunity to build self-control, and with self-control the capacity to develop character strengths and major virtues.

手淫在西方社会很常见,也被普遍接受为一种正常、健康的活动。相比之下,天主教会认为手淫是不道德的。注意到人类是身体和精神的深刻统一,如果教会是正确的,手淫应该对人类产生负面影响。如果世俗的观点是正确的,手淫应该有相反的积极影响。本文分为三个部分。进行了一项深入的文献调查,以评估手淫在生理、医学、心理、社会学和精神方面的相关性。第二部分是对天主教对手淫理解的神学总结。第三部分是治疗方法。生理上的手淫比性交更不令人满意。医疗并发症包括阴茎损伤和自我窒息行为。心理上手淫被发现与抑郁、焦虑、防御能力不成熟、性欲亢进、内疚、身体自我形象不佳和工作压力有关。从社会学角度来看,大多数研究表明手淫与关系满意度、质量、亲密度、关系幸福感、对伴侣的情感满意度、信任、激情和爱之间存在负相关。精神手淫与色情消费呈正相关,与宗教和宗教信仰呈负相关。同性恋者和双性恋者的手淫率高于异性恋者。从神学上讲,手淫和色情直接违反了贞洁的宗教美德,破坏了一个人的祈祷生活和发展精神生活的动机。在治疗学上,积极心理学强调培养其认为的美德,包括正义、勇气、节制、智慧(类似于谨慎)、超越(类似于希望)和人性(类似于慈善),可以用来为手淫患者提供建议。一旦了解了危害,就可以建议一个人,这种诱惑代表着一种挑战,一种建立自我控制的机会,以及通过自我控制发展性格优势和主要美德的能力。
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引用次数: 0
Christ the Physician: A Theological Framework for Healing in Catholic Health Care. 基督医生:天主教医疗保健的神学框架
IF 0.4 Q4 MEDICAL ETHICS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1177/00243639231189328
Columba Thomas

The metaphor of Christ the physician features prominently in the gospels and the preaching of the Church Fathers, emphasizing that Jesus' work of healing extends beyond bodily ills to spiritual healing as well. Given that the end of medicine is "health," which involves wholeness of body and soul, Christ is uniquely able to accomplish this in us-beginning with grace in our souls in this life, and culminating in the resurrection of the body and restoration of body and soul in glory at the end of time. Drawing on the thought of the Church Fathers and Thomas Aquinas, this paper considers how Catholic health care is distinctly positioned to continue Christ's work of bodily and spiritual healing through medical and sacramental approaches-as we await our perfect and ultimate healing upon Christ's return in glory.

基督作为医生的比喻在福音书和教父们的布道中都有突出的特点,强调耶稣的医治工作超越了身体上的疾病,也延伸到了精神上的医治。鉴于医学的最终目的是“健康”,这包括身体和灵魂的完整,基督是唯一能够在我们身上完成这一目标的人——从我们今生灵魂的恩典开始,到肉体的复活和肉体和灵魂在末日的荣耀中恢复。借鉴教父和托马斯·阿奎那的思想,本文考虑了天主教的医疗保健是如何通过医学和圣礼的方法来继续基督的身体和精神治疗工作的,因为我们等待着基督在荣耀中再来的完美和最终的治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Infinite Dignity of the Human Person: Implications for Health Systems. 人的无限尊严:对卫生系统的影响》。
IF 0.4 Q4 MEDICAL ETHICS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1177/00243639241255565
Matthew Robert Dernbach
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引用次数: 0
A Modern-Day Widow's Mite. 现代寡妇的微薄之力
IF 0.4 Q4 MEDICAL ETHICS Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1177/00243639241257130
Mark Redmond
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Linacre Quarterly
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