Pub Date : 2021-09-18DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.112705
S. Sayyahfar, A. Esteghamati, S. Fahimzad, Safura Hajisadeghi Isfahani, A. Nazari Alam, L. Azimi
Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is recognized as one of the main pathogens inducing several invasive and non-invasive infections in children. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae in six–month–old carriers. Methods: This study encompassed 600 six-month-old healthy infants whose pharyngeal swap samples were collected and then cultured to isolate S. pneumoniae. Twenty- five different serotypes were defined on positive culture samples by multiplex PCR. Results: In this study, 13 cases (2.2%) were positive S. pneumonia. The most common isolated serotypes of S. pneumoniae were serotypes 23F (n = 6, 1%) and 3 (n = 3, 0.5%), respectively. Notably, the most frequent serotype in formula-fed infants (n = 300) was Serotype 23F (n = 5, 1.7%); however, Serotype 3 (n = 3, 1%) was the most frequent one in breastfed participants (n = 300). According to the findings, the overall coverage of PCV10, PCV13, and PPSV23 on the S. pneumoniae serotypes at the age of six months was 50%, 73%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusions: At this age, the type of feeding could not significantly affect the frequency rate of S. pneumoniae colonization, while the serotype distributions in the two breastfed and formula-fed groups were different.
{"title":"Serotype Distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae Carriage in Six-Month-Old Infants: A Cross-sectional Study During 2017-18, Tehran, Iran","authors":"S. Sayyahfar, A. Esteghamati, S. Fahimzad, Safura Hajisadeghi Isfahani, A. Nazari Alam, L. Azimi","doi":"10.5812/pedinfect.112705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/pedinfect.112705","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is recognized as one of the main pathogens inducing several invasive and non-invasive infections in children. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae in six–month–old carriers. Methods: This study encompassed 600 six-month-old healthy infants whose pharyngeal swap samples were collected and then cultured to isolate S. pneumoniae. Twenty- five different serotypes were defined on positive culture samples by multiplex PCR. Results: In this study, 13 cases (2.2%) were positive S. pneumonia. The most common isolated serotypes of S. pneumoniae were serotypes 23F (n = 6, 1%) and 3 (n = 3, 0.5%), respectively. Notably, the most frequent serotype in formula-fed infants (n = 300) was Serotype 23F (n = 5, 1.7%); however, Serotype 3 (n = 3, 1%) was the most frequent one in breastfed participants (n = 300). According to the findings, the overall coverage of PCV10, PCV13, and PPSV23 on the S. pneumoniae serotypes at the age of six months was 50%, 73%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusions: At this age, the type of feeding could not significantly affect the frequency rate of S. pneumoniae colonization, while the serotype distributions in the two breastfed and formula-fed groups were different.","PeriodicalId":44261,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48978908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-10DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.112798
Sherin Khamis Hussein, Remon Magdy Yousef, Mohammed Mohammed, Mostafa Yehia Abdelwahed, Rehab Ahmed Mohammed
Background: The number of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) significantly increased with limited data available about Egyptian children infected with COVID-19. Objectives: The study was performed early in the pandemic to address and record different clinical presentations of COVID-19 in Egyptian children in Fayoum Governorate and determine the percentage of children with complicated COVID-19 infection. The present article describes some epidemiological characteristics, along with the clinical patterns, laboratory and radiological findings, and outcomes of pediatric patients with COVID-19 in Fayoum Governorate. Methods: A total of 200 Egyptian children with COVID-19 in Fayoum Governorate were included in this study. This study was conducted from the beginning of June 2020 to the end of October 2020. In this study, 192 children (96%) had a history of contact with either suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases in relatives. The age, gender, clinical symptoms, signs, and laboratory results were estimated. Results: About a tenth of the patients (n = 19; 9.5%) were asymptomatic. Fever and diarrhea were the most common symptoms at presentation, as it was identified in 81 children (40.5%). Lymphopenia was observed in 46.5% of the patients. The majority of the patients with respiratory symptoms had normal findings in chest X-rays (92.5%). Chest opacity was reported in 11 patients (5.5%). According to chest computed tomography, bilateral ground-glass opacity was identified in 16 patients (8.0%). Five hospitalized cases (2.5%) developed severe non-respiratory complications. One death was reported in this study. Conclusions: The COVID-19 can affect children at any age with variable presentations ranging from asymptomatic to severe symptomatic phenotypes requiring intensive care interventions.
{"title":"COVID-19 in Children: Clinical Presentations and Outcomes in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt","authors":"Sherin Khamis Hussein, Remon Magdy Yousef, Mohammed Mohammed, Mostafa Yehia Abdelwahed, Rehab Ahmed Mohammed","doi":"10.5812/pedinfect.112798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/pedinfect.112798","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The number of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) significantly increased with limited data available about Egyptian children infected with COVID-19. Objectives: The study was performed early in the pandemic to address and record different clinical presentations of COVID-19 in Egyptian children in Fayoum Governorate and determine the percentage of children with complicated COVID-19 infection. The present article describes some epidemiological characteristics, along with the clinical patterns, laboratory and radiological findings, and outcomes of pediatric patients with COVID-19 in Fayoum Governorate. Methods: A total of 200 Egyptian children with COVID-19 in Fayoum Governorate were included in this study. This study was conducted from the beginning of June 2020 to the end of October 2020. In this study, 192 children (96%) had a history of contact with either suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases in relatives. The age, gender, clinical symptoms, signs, and laboratory results were estimated. Results: About a tenth of the patients (n = 19; 9.5%) were asymptomatic. Fever and diarrhea were the most common symptoms at presentation, as it was identified in 81 children (40.5%). Lymphopenia was observed in 46.5% of the patients. The majority of the patients with respiratory symptoms had normal findings in chest X-rays (92.5%). Chest opacity was reported in 11 patients (5.5%). According to chest computed tomography, bilateral ground-glass opacity was identified in 16 patients (8.0%). Five hospitalized cases (2.5%) developed severe non-respiratory complications. One death was reported in this study. Conclusions: The COVID-19 can affect children at any age with variable presentations ranging from asymptomatic to severe symptomatic phenotypes requiring intensive care interventions.","PeriodicalId":44261,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43314561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-22DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.114746
Joy Osagiator Ariyo, Ebenezer Olutope Akinnawo, Bede Chinonye Akpunne, Daniel Oluwasanmi Kumuyi, Deborah Foluke Onisile
Background: Health care workers (HCWs) are the frontline of coping COVID-19 pandemic, which indicates the importance of improving their mental wellness to better cope with the situation. Objectives: The current study aimed to firstly assess the severity of anxiety and depression and perceived vulnerability to diseases, and secondly to investigate their association with the fear of COVID-19 among Nigerian HCWs. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, a purposefully selected sample of 413 HCWs from two tertiary healthcare institutions in Benin City, Edo State, South-South Nigeria, responded to the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Scale. Data was collected between October 2020 and February 2021. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize socio-demographic variables, while inferential statistics (t-test for independent samples, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression) were used to test hypotheses. Results: A high prevalence of anxiety, depression, and perceived vulnerability to diseases (PVD) was observed. Perceived infectability (β = 0.244, P = 0.000), germ aversion (β = 0.166, P = 0.000), and composite PVD (β = 0.96, P = 0.000) were identified as independent and significant predictors of fear of COVID-19, accounting for 7.5; 3.3, and 9.9% variance in the severities of Fear of COVID-19, respectively. Anxiety and depression showed a significant joint prediction of Fear of COVID-19 severity, accounting for a 4.0% variance in the severity. Fear of COVID-19 was not found to be influenced by sex or job type differences among the HCWs. Conclusions: This study demonstrated a high incidence of anxiety, depression, and perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 among Nigerian HCWs. These reported symptoms of psychopathology are also strong independent and joint predictors of fear of COVID-19.
{"title":"An Investigation of Associations and Incidence of Anxiety, Depression, Perceived Vulnerability to Diseases, and Fear of COVID-19 Among Nigerian Health Care Workers","authors":"Joy Osagiator Ariyo, Ebenezer Olutope Akinnawo, Bede Chinonye Akpunne, Daniel Oluwasanmi Kumuyi, Deborah Foluke Onisile","doi":"10.5812/pedinfect.114746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/pedinfect.114746","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Health care workers (HCWs) are the frontline of coping COVID-19 pandemic, which indicates the importance of improving their mental wellness to better cope with the situation. Objectives: The current study aimed to firstly assess the severity of anxiety and depression and perceived vulnerability to diseases, and secondly to investigate their association with the fear of COVID-19 among Nigerian HCWs. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, a purposefully selected sample of 413 HCWs from two tertiary healthcare institutions in Benin City, Edo State, South-South Nigeria, responded to the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Scale. Data was collected between October 2020 and February 2021. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize socio-demographic variables, while inferential statistics (t-test for independent samples, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression) were used to test hypotheses. Results: A high prevalence of anxiety, depression, and perceived vulnerability to diseases (PVD) was observed. Perceived infectability (β = 0.244, P = 0.000), germ aversion (β = 0.166, P = 0.000), and composite PVD (β = 0.96, P = 0.000) were identified as independent and significant predictors of fear of COVID-19, accounting for 7.5; 3.3, and 9.9% variance in the severities of Fear of COVID-19, respectively. Anxiety and depression showed a significant joint prediction of Fear of COVID-19 severity, accounting for a 4.0% variance in the severity. Fear of COVID-19 was not found to be influenced by sex or job type differences among the HCWs. Conclusions: This study demonstrated a high incidence of anxiety, depression, and perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 among Nigerian HCWs. These reported symptoms of psychopathology are also strong independent and joint predictors of fear of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":44261,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43679640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-22DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.115171
A. Talebian, B. Soltani, Dawood Aghadoost, J. Azadbakht, A. Rezaee, Zahra Abbasy
Introduction: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), also known as pseudotumor cerebri, is a rare neurological manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Case Presentation: In this case study, we present a 10-year-old girl with headache, diplopia, bilateral sixth nerve palsy, and papilledema following a history of seven days of fever about two weeks ago. In lumbar puncture, the opening pressure was 56 cmH2O. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was normal. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was suggestive of IIH. Nasopharyngeal reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was positive for COVID-19. Oral acetazolamide was prescribed, and the patient improved completely after three weeks of continuous medical treatment. Conclusions: Since IIH is a rare neurological complication of COVID-19, we have to suspect COVID-19 infection in any patient with IIH.
{"title":"Association Between Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension","authors":"A. Talebian, B. Soltani, Dawood Aghadoost, J. Azadbakht, A. Rezaee, Zahra Abbasy","doi":"10.5812/pedinfect.115171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/pedinfect.115171","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), also known as pseudotumor cerebri, is a rare neurological manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Case Presentation: In this case study, we present a 10-year-old girl with headache, diplopia, bilateral sixth nerve palsy, and papilledema following a history of seven days of fever about two weeks ago. In lumbar puncture, the opening pressure was 56 cmH2O. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was normal. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was suggestive of IIH. Nasopharyngeal reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was positive for COVID-19. Oral acetazolamide was prescribed, and the patient improved completely after three weeks of continuous medical treatment. Conclusions: Since IIH is a rare neurological complication of COVID-19, we have to suspect COVID-19 infection in any patient with IIH.","PeriodicalId":44261,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48345527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-21DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.110428
M. Tariverdi, Maliheh Mohammadzadeh Esini, Hanie Pazarkar, Zahra Naghmehsanj, N. Farahbakhsh
Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It may have many undescribed clinical manifestations. Case Presentation: In this study, we report a 7-year-old male COVID-19 patient with low platelet count who presented with gingival bleeding and ecchymosis and had a good response to corticosteroid therapy. Conclusions: This case highlights the need to be vigilant for atypical presentations or complications of COVID-19, one of which is SARS-CoV-2-induced immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). It is necessary to pay attention to platelet count in addition to typical clinical features and radiographic findings. On the other hand, viral testing in thrombocytopenic patients should be considered for timely diagnosis of COVID-19 and taking necessary measurements for patient isolation in order to prevent the spread of disease and healthcare workers’ infection during this pandemic.
{"title":"Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura in a Child with COVID-19: A Case Report","authors":"M. Tariverdi, Maliheh Mohammadzadeh Esini, Hanie Pazarkar, Zahra Naghmehsanj, N. Farahbakhsh","doi":"10.5812/pedinfect.110428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/pedinfect.110428","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It may have many undescribed clinical manifestations. Case Presentation: In this study, we report a 7-year-old male COVID-19 patient with low platelet count who presented with gingival bleeding and ecchymosis and had a good response to corticosteroid therapy. Conclusions: This case highlights the need to be vigilant for atypical presentations or complications of COVID-19, one of which is SARS-CoV-2-induced immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). It is necessary to pay attention to platelet count in addition to typical clinical features and radiographic findings. On the other hand, viral testing in thrombocytopenic patients should be considered for timely diagnosis of COVID-19 and taking necessary measurements for patient isolation in order to prevent the spread of disease and healthcare workers’ infection during this pandemic.","PeriodicalId":44261,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45403845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.113879
Z. Jamali, Fatemeh Dehghani, A. Hosseininasab
Introduction: Central nervous system involvement by SARS-CoV-19 appears to be very rare in neonates. We report a case of viral meningitis in a neonate admitted to Kerman Afzalipour Hospital in Southeastern Iran. Case Presentation: The patient was a 15-day-old neonate who presented with lethargy, fever, and poor feeding the day before admission. After the initial evaluation and experimental treatment, viral meningitis was diagnosed with SARS- CoV-19 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. Empirical treatment was done with antibiotics and supportive care. After viral meningitis was confirmed, the antibiotics were discontinued. In a follow-up two weeks later, the neonate had a good condition with no particular problem. Conclusions: This report is a case of SARS-CoV-2 meningitis in a neonate. Therefore, if there is epidemiological evidence, the central nervous system involvement due to this virus should also be considered in neonates.
{"title":"A Case Report of Late-Onset Neonatal Meningitis Caused by SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Z. Jamali, Fatemeh Dehghani, A. Hosseininasab","doi":"10.5812/pedinfect.113879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/pedinfect.113879","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Central nervous system involvement by SARS-CoV-19 appears to be very rare in neonates. We report a case of viral meningitis in a neonate admitted to Kerman Afzalipour Hospital in Southeastern Iran. Case Presentation: The patient was a 15-day-old neonate who presented with lethargy, fever, and poor feeding the day before admission. After the initial evaluation and experimental treatment, viral meningitis was diagnosed with SARS- CoV-19 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. Empirical treatment was done with antibiotics and supportive care. After viral meningitis was confirmed, the antibiotics were discontinued. In a follow-up two weeks later, the neonate had a good condition with no particular problem. Conclusions: This report is a case of SARS-CoV-2 meningitis in a neonate. Therefore, if there is epidemiological evidence, the central nervous system involvement due to this virus should also be considered in neonates.","PeriodicalId":44261,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49075048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-07DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.111168
S. Rezvani, M. Fadavi, S. Bazmi
Background: Obtaining informed consent for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures is of great moral and legal importance, which is more important in the field of pediatrics due to its specific issues. Objectives: Obtaining informed consent in the pediatric field is specific because of many factors, including the age of the patients and the necessity of obtaining consent from parents or legal guardians. This study aimed to evaluate the process of obtaining informed consent from the viewpoint of substitute decision-makers (parents or guardians) and physicians. Attention to the differences between the views of these two groups by establishing appropriate and correct communication skills between them can lead to greater satisfaction and increased effectiveness of treatments. Methods: In this descriptive study, the data were collected through questionnaires completed by 188 parents and 23 physicians. Finally, the statistical analysis was conducted using the one-sample t test method in SPSS 16. Results: In 96.3% of the cases, parents believed that where the patient, their relatives, and the medical team disagreed about the kind of treatment, the final decision was made by the medical team. One-third of them did not receive enough information or received no information at all. Informing parents about other possible treatments, complications of the procedures, considering the patients and their relatives’ opinions for the final decision, informing the child about his/her disease and treatment plans, and informing the parents about the possible outcomes were not in the favorable range. Physicians believed that decision about the treatment was made based on the opinion of the parents and the clinical committee, and only in 3.4% of the cases, their opinion was the basis for decision-making. Conclusions: The results showed that there was a gap between the parents and physicians’ opinions about informed consent, as the physicians believed that they act as the patients’ parents wish and the parents believed that their opinion played no important role in the final decision regarding the health of their children. Thus, it seems necessary to institutionalize the culture of participatory decision-making by physicians and parents in decisions related to the diagnosis and treatment of children, and more emphasis should be placed on establishing the right relationship between treatment staff and patients and their relatives.
{"title":"Study of Obtaining Informed Consent in Pediatric Wards from the Viewpoint of Physicians and Children’s Parents","authors":"S. Rezvani, M. Fadavi, S. Bazmi","doi":"10.5812/pedinfect.111168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/pedinfect.111168","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obtaining informed consent for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures is of great moral and legal importance, which is more important in the field of pediatrics due to its specific issues. Objectives: Obtaining informed consent in the pediatric field is specific because of many factors, including the age of the patients and the necessity of obtaining consent from parents or legal guardians. This study aimed to evaluate the process of obtaining informed consent from the viewpoint of substitute decision-makers (parents or guardians) and physicians. Attention to the differences between the views of these two groups by establishing appropriate and correct communication skills between them can lead to greater satisfaction and increased effectiveness of treatments. Methods: In this descriptive study, the data were collected through questionnaires completed by 188 parents and 23 physicians. Finally, the statistical analysis was conducted using the one-sample t test method in SPSS 16. Results: In 96.3% of the cases, parents believed that where the patient, their relatives, and the medical team disagreed about the kind of treatment, the final decision was made by the medical team. One-third of them did not receive enough information or received no information at all. Informing parents about other possible treatments, complications of the procedures, considering the patients and their relatives’ opinions for the final decision, informing the child about his/her disease and treatment plans, and informing the parents about the possible outcomes were not in the favorable range. Physicians believed that decision about the treatment was made based on the opinion of the parents and the clinical committee, and only in 3.4% of the cases, their opinion was the basis for decision-making. Conclusions: The results showed that there was a gap between the parents and physicians’ opinions about informed consent, as the physicians believed that they act as the patients’ parents wish and the parents believed that their opinion played no important role in the final decision regarding the health of their children. Thus, it seems necessary to institutionalize the culture of participatory decision-making by physicians and parents in decisions related to the diagnosis and treatment of children, and more emphasis should be placed on establishing the right relationship between treatment staff and patients and their relatives.","PeriodicalId":44261,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44580267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.111940
M. Mahdavi, A. Esteghamati, Khadijeh Khanaliha, S. Sayyahfar, Elahe Orang, F. Bokharaei-Salim, S. Garshasbi, Borna Salemi
Background: Toxoplasmosis is an opportunistic infection that affects solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. The parasite transmission may be occurred from a Toxoplasma-seropositive donor to a Toxoplasma-seronegative recipient by organ transplantation. Objectives: In this study, a nested PCR was carried out using different primers targeting the B1, SAG4, and MAG1 genes to assess Toxoplasma infection in pediatric heart transplantation at Shahid Rajaei Heart Center in Tehran. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 46 pediatric heart transplant patients aged 1 - 17 years referring to Rajaei Cardiovascular and Medical Research Center from 2018 - 2019. All patients were on oral administration of Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole). Blood samples were collected, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) isolation using the Ficoll gradient method was performed. DNA was extracted from PBMC, and nested PCR was carried out. Serologic tests were performed using ELISA to determine IgG and IgM anti - Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. Results: The results of serologic tests showed that all 46 patients had negative anti-T. gondii IgM antibody. Furthermore, 6 (13.05%) and 3 (6.5 %) out of the 46 patients were positive for IgG T. gondii antibody before and after transplantation, respectively. All 46 patients were evaluated using PCR using B1, MAG-1, and SAG-4 genes, and PCR results were negative. Conclusions: In general, due to the negative results of Toxoplasma with PCR using B1 and bradyzoite-specific genes (SAG-4 and MAG-1), it is possible that the results obtained in this study are because of prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole.
{"title":"Stage-Specific Oligonucleotide Primers for the Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis Among Iranian Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients; Evaluation of Cotrimoxazole as a Preventive Therapy","authors":"M. Mahdavi, A. Esteghamati, Khadijeh Khanaliha, S. Sayyahfar, Elahe Orang, F. Bokharaei-Salim, S. Garshasbi, Borna Salemi","doi":"10.5812/pedinfect.111940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/pedinfect.111940","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Toxoplasmosis is an opportunistic infection that affects solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. The parasite transmission may be occurred from a Toxoplasma-seropositive donor to a Toxoplasma-seronegative recipient by organ transplantation. Objectives: In this study, a nested PCR was carried out using different primers targeting the B1, SAG4, and MAG1 genes to assess Toxoplasma infection in pediatric heart transplantation at Shahid Rajaei Heart Center in Tehran. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 46 pediatric heart transplant patients aged 1 - 17 years referring to Rajaei Cardiovascular and Medical Research Center from 2018 - 2019. All patients were on oral administration of Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole). Blood samples were collected, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) isolation using the Ficoll gradient method was performed. DNA was extracted from PBMC, and nested PCR was carried out. Serologic tests were performed using ELISA to determine IgG and IgM anti - Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. Results: The results of serologic tests showed that all 46 patients had negative anti-T. gondii IgM antibody. Furthermore, 6 (13.05%) and 3 (6.5 %) out of the 46 patients were positive for IgG T. gondii antibody before and after transplantation, respectively. All 46 patients were evaluated using PCR using B1, MAG-1, and SAG-4 genes, and PCR results were negative. Conclusions: In general, due to the negative results of Toxoplasma with PCR using B1 and bradyzoite-specific genes (SAG-4 and MAG-1), it is possible that the results obtained in this study are because of prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole.","PeriodicalId":44261,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42338997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-28DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.112446
Gabriela Marengone Altizani, K. Barszcz, Laura Cardoso Brentini, K. Morikawa, Kelly Luisa Cintra, P. H. Manso
Introduction: Albeit most children infected with SARS-CoV-2 are asymptomatic or have mild respiratory symptoms, similar cases of Kawasaki disease and ç increased at the end of April 2020 worldwide. Systemic inflammatory involvement characterizes these cases and is part of the spectrum of a SARS-CoV-2-related syndromes called multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). Case Presentation: We report the case of a child with severe cardiovascular impairment due to MIS-C who developed cardiogenic shock secondary to acute myocarditis. The pathophysiology of myocardial outcomes caused by MIS-C remains unclear. Conclusions: We intend to contribute to new prospective studies on the early diagnosis, clinical management, and follow-up of patients with severe cardiovascular impairment secondary to infection with SARS-CoV-2.
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