Tamara Rehak Biondić, Josipa Puškarić, Barbara Gerič Stare, Mirjana Brmež
Nematode korijenovih kvržica iz roda Meloidogyne pripadaju ekonomski najvažnijoj skupini biljnoparazitskih nematoda i jedne su od najvažnijih biljnih štetnika koji mogu uzrokovati značajne ekonomske gubitke u biljnoj proizvodnji. Oni su polifagni, dobro prilagođeni, obligatni endoparaziti gotovo svih viših biljnih vrsta, uključujući i važne poljoprivredne kulture. Unutar roda Meloidogyne opisano je oko stotinu vrsta, od kojih su četiri vrste, Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria., M. javanica i M. hapla, važni štetnici u biljnoj proizvodnji i najrašireniji u svijetu. Od 2010. godine u Europi su potvrđene dvadeset tri vrste, od čega su u Hrvatskoj otkrivene tri nekarantenske vrste. Mnoge vrste nematoda iz roda Meloidogyne mogu se smatrati opasnim invazivnim štetnicima u poljoprivredi jer se mogu brzo širiti zbog globalne trgovine, promjena tehnologija u proizvodnji koje dovode do smanjene upotrebe pesticida i klimatskih promjena. Kako bi se spriječilo ili ograničilo unošenje i širenje triju vrsta nematoda korijenovih kvržica, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M. fallax i M. enterolobii uvrštene su na europski popis karantenskih nematoda. Vrsta M. mali uvrštena je na karantensku listu EPPO A2, uz tri navedene vrste, dok su M. ethiopica, M. luci i M. graminicola na popisu upozorenja (to jest na listi EPPO Alert). Očekuje se da će tropske vrste roda Meloidogyne poput M. enterolobii, M. ethiopica i M. luci, kao i M. incognita, M. arenaria i M. javanica, postati važni štetnici u umjerenim zonama zbog novih, povoljnijih (toplijih) klimatskih uvjeta za njihov razvoj, što može predstavljati velik rizik za poljoprivrednu proizvodnju. U Hrvatskoj je potvrđena velika rasprostranjenost populacija nematoda roda Meloidogyne spp., ali su znanstvene spoznaje o identifikaciji vrsta vrlo skromne. Zbog raznolikosti tla i klimatskih uvjeta prisutnih u Hrvatskoj, očekujemo da ćemo u budućnosti pronaći više vrsta roda Meloidogyne negoli je dosada poznato. To je jedan od razloga za početak intenzivnijega praćenja vrsta roda Meloidogyne u Hrvatskoj.
Nematode korijenovih kvržica iz roda Meloidogyne pripadaju ekonomski najvažnijoj skupini biljnoparazitskih nematoda i jedne su od najvařnijih biljnihštetnika koji mogu uzrokovati značajne ekonomske gubitke u biljnoj proizvodnji。它们是多食性的，适应良好，几乎所有种类植物的强制性内寄生点，包括重要的农业文化。在根结线虫科中，约有一百种，其中描述了四种，即隐名根结线虫和M.arenaria。public先生和M.Hall先生是工厂生产和全球最广泛扩张的重要推动者。自2010年以来。在欧洲，已经确认了23个物种，其中在克罗地亚发现了3个非咆哮物种。随着全球贸易的迅速扩大，生产技术的变化减少了农药和气候变化，许多根结线虫科线虫物种可以被视为对农业的危险入侵性破坏。为了防止或限制三种类型的根的进入和扩展，结线虫chitwoodi、M.fallax和M.enterolobi被列入欧洲检疫线虫名单。小型M.small的类型被列入EPPO A2检疫名单，共有三种类型，而埃塞俄比亚M.ethiopic、路氏M.luci和graminicola则被列入警报名单（即EPPO警报名单）。由于新的、更有利（更温暖）的气候条件有利于其发展，预计热带的甜瓜属物种，如M.enterolobi、M.ethiopic和M.luci，以及M.incognito、M.arenaria和M.javanic，将在温和地区成为重要的有害物种，这可能对农业生产构成重大风险。U Hrvatskoj je potvrřena velika rasprostrajenost popularicija nematoda roda Meloidogyne spp.，ali su znanstvene spoznaje o identificaciji vrsta vrlo skromne。由于克罗地亚土壤和气候条件的多样性，我们预计在未来发现更多的根结线虫物种。这是在克罗地亚开始对根结线虫物种进行更严格监测的原因之一。
{"title":"Status nematoda korijenovih kvržica roda Meloidogyne u Hrvatskoj, s posebnim osvrtom na karantenske vrste","authors":"Tamara Rehak Biondić, Josipa Puškarić, Barbara Gerič Stare, Mirjana Brmež","doi":"10.18047/poljo.29.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18047/poljo.29.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Nematode korijenovih kvržica iz roda Meloidogyne pripadaju ekonomski najvažnijoj skupini biljnoparazitskih nematoda i jedne su od najvažnijih biljnih štetnika koji mogu uzrokovati značajne ekonomske gubitke u biljnoj proizvodnji. Oni su polifagni, dobro prilagođeni, obligatni endoparaziti gotovo svih viših biljnih vrsta, uključujući i važne poljoprivredne kulture. Unutar roda Meloidogyne opisano je oko stotinu vrsta, od kojih su četiri vrste, Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria., M. javanica i M. hapla, važni štetnici u biljnoj proizvodnji i najrašireniji u svijetu. Od 2010. godine u Europi su potvrđene dvadeset tri vrste, od čega su u Hrvatskoj otkrivene tri nekarantenske vrste. Mnoge vrste nematoda iz roda Meloidogyne mogu se smatrati opasnim invazivnim štetnicima u poljoprivredi jer se mogu brzo širiti zbog globalne trgovine, promjena tehnologija u proizvodnji koje dovode do smanjene upotrebe pesticida i klimatskih promjena. Kako bi se spriječilo ili ograničilo unošenje i širenje triju vrsta nematoda korijenovih kvržica, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M. fallax i M. enterolobii uvrštene su na europski popis karantenskih nematoda. Vrsta M. mali uvrštena je na karantensku listu EPPO A2, uz tri navedene vrste, dok su M. ethiopica, M. luci i M. graminicola na popisu upozorenja (to jest na listi EPPO Alert). Očekuje se da će tropske vrste roda Meloidogyne poput M. enterolobii, M. ethiopica i M. luci, kao i M. incognita, M. arenaria i M. javanica, postati važni štetnici u umjerenim zonama zbog novih, povoljnijih (toplijih) klimatskih uvjeta za njihov razvoj, što može predstavljati velik rizik za poljoprivrednu proizvodnju. U Hrvatskoj je potvrđena velika rasprostranjenost populacija nematoda roda Meloidogyne spp., ali su znanstvene spoznaje o identifikaciji vrsta vrlo skromne. Zbog raznolikosti tla i klimatskih uvjeta prisutnih u Hrvatskoj, očekujemo da ćemo u budućnosti pronaći više vrsta roda Meloidogyne negoli je dosada poznato. To je jedan od razloga za početak intenzivnijega praćenja vrsta roda Meloidogyne u Hrvatskoj.","PeriodicalId":44286,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivreda","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43341861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blight disease, caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labrousse (teleomorph=Didymella rabiei), is one of the most important biotic stress factors affecting chickpea produc tion worldwide. The high variation in disease severity among different chickpea cul tivars and the decrease in the resistance of the cultivars over time make it necessary to test the cultivars regularly. The aim in this research was to determine and evalu ate the changes in the susceptibility of chickpea cultivars, which were developed in different years and widely cultivated, against A. rabiei pathotypes in Turkey. A three replication pot experiment was conducted in a randomized plot design in the climate chamber in 2021. Fifteen registered chickpea cultivars (including one susceptible and one susceptible control cultivar) and four pathotypes of chickpea blight disease agent A. rabiei were used in the study. While Pathotype-IV was determined as the most aggressive, it was followed by the Pathotype-III, Pathotype-II, and Pathotype-I, respectively. The Azkan cultivar, included as a Tolerant (T) control in the experiment, had the Mid-Susceptible/Susceptible (MS/S) values, which can be explained by the decrease in resistance over time. However, it is opined that the main reason for the better resistance values of Akçin-91, registered in 1991, and Gökçe, registered in 1997, was provoked by the genetic basis of these cultivars, when compared to the recently registered cultivars.
{"title":"The Changes in Susceptibility Status of the Old and of the Newly Registered Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cultivars with Respect to the Blight Disease Caused by the Pathotypes of Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labr","authors":"Alaettin Keçeli","doi":"10.18047/poljo.29.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18047/poljo.29.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Blight disease, caused by Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Labrousse (teleomorph=Didymella rabiei), is one of the most important biotic stress factors affecting chickpea produc tion worldwide. The high variation in disease severity among different chickpea cul tivars and the decrease in the resistance of the cultivars over time make it necessary to test the cultivars regularly. The aim in this research was to determine and evalu ate the changes in the susceptibility of chickpea cultivars, which were developed in different years and widely cultivated, against A. rabiei pathotypes in Turkey. A three replication pot experiment was conducted in a randomized plot design in the climate chamber in 2021. Fifteen registered chickpea cultivars (including one susceptible and one susceptible control cultivar) and four pathotypes of chickpea blight disease agent A. rabiei were used in the study. While Pathotype-IV was determined as the most aggressive, it was followed by the Pathotype-III, Pathotype-II, and Pathotype-I, respectively. The Azkan cultivar, included as a Tolerant (T) control in the experiment, had the Mid-Susceptible/Susceptible (MS/S) values, which can be explained by the decrease in resistance over time. However, it is opined that the main reason for the better resistance values of Akçin-91, registered in 1991, and Gökçe, registered in 1997, was provoked by the genetic basis of these cultivars, when compared to the recently registered cultivars.","PeriodicalId":44286,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivreda","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41807350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Kralik, Z. Kralik, Manuela Košević, K. Gvozdanović, I. Kralik
This research investigates the growth rate of Ross 308 broilers (Group A 50g weight gain) during a 42-day fattening period and its influence on the carcass traits and technological quality of breast meat by referring to the broiler sex and fatty acid profile in breast and thigh muscles. The portions of breasts, drumsticks with thighs, back, wings (%), and dressing percentage (%) are considered for the assessment of carcass traits. Technological quality is determined by reviewing the following indicators: pH1, pH2, ΔpH, drip loss, and the breast meat color (CIE L*, a*, b*) . This research confirms a significant influence of broiler sex and growth rate on the live weight gain and carcass weight (p˂0.001) and the portions of breasts (p=0.006) and drumsticks with thighs (p=0.004) too. The growth rate has a significant influence on the portions of drumsticks with thighs and wings (p˂0.001). Broiler sex exerts an influence on the differences in drip loss, % (p=0.003) and in the yellowness (p=0.029) of breast meat. There is a positive correlation determined between the pH1 and pH2 (p0.05). Highly significant differences (p˂0.05) are determined, however, in the content of certain fatty acids between the breast and thigh muscles.
{"title":"The Influence of Growth Rate on the Carcass Traits, Meat Quality Traits, and Fatty Acid Profile in Broilers","authors":"G. Kralik, Z. Kralik, Manuela Košević, K. Gvozdanović, I. Kralik","doi":"10.18047/poljo.29.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18047/poljo.29.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigates the growth rate of Ross 308 broilers (Group A 50g weight gain) during a 42-day fattening period and its influence on the carcass traits and technological quality of breast meat by referring to the broiler sex and fatty acid profile in breast and thigh muscles. The portions of breasts, drumsticks with thighs, back, wings (%), and dressing percentage (%) are considered for the assessment of carcass traits. Technological quality is determined by reviewing the following indicators: pH1, pH2, ΔpH, drip loss, and the breast meat color (CIE L*, a*, b*) . This research confirms a significant influence of broiler sex and growth rate on the live weight gain and carcass weight (p˂0.001) and the portions of breasts (p=0.006) and drumsticks with thighs (p=0.004) too. The growth rate has a significant influence on the portions of drumsticks with thighs and wings (p˂0.001). Broiler sex exerts an influence on the differences in drip loss, % (p=0.003) and in the yellowness (p=0.029) of breast meat. There is a positive correlation determined between the pH1 and pH2 (p0.05). Highly significant differences (p˂0.05) are determined, however, in the content of certain fatty acids between the breast and thigh muscles.","PeriodicalId":44286,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivreda","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49527190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Almond fruits (kernels) are considered to be healthy all across the globe as they contain, in addition to their high nutritional value, an increased concentration of essential biomolecules that have positive effects on human metabolism and, at the same time, prevent the most important immune diseases. , As a result, in the ecological conditions of the Ravni Kotari area, the two-year studies of lead (Pb) accumulation in the leaves and certain parts of the fruit were carried out, and their correlations were calculated. Subsequent to the day on which the fruit was set (DAFS) till germination, the level of Pb decreased slightly in all parts of the fruit, whereas the direction manifested a double sigmoid curve when it comes to the leaf. The level of Pb in the leaf was almost twice as high when compared to the parts of the fruit, especially in relation to the kernels, and toward the end of vegetation, which indicates a weak transfer of Pb from the leaf to the kernel and/or an immobilization of Pb in the leaf endoderm. The concentration of Pb in almond kernel in the phenophase of maturity ranged from 0.27±0.031 to 0.40±0.021 mg/kg of dry matter. This is an extremely low level of concentration if compared to the other fruits, which contain the higher levels of Pb when fresh, often being three to four times greater amounts in terms of dry matter. Positive correlations were found between the kernel and the endocarp, as well as between the kernel and the exocarp. Thus, it is safe to assert that almond kernels produced in the ecological conditions of the Ravni Kotari area may be qualified as “functional food,” but they may also constitute an integral part of infant foodstuffs.
{"title":"The Dynamic of Lead Accumulation in the Almond Leaves and in the Parts of the Fruit","authors":"A. Vrsaljko","doi":"10.18047/poljo.29.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18047/poljo.29.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Almond fruits (kernels) are considered to be healthy all across the globe as they contain, in addition to their high nutritional value, an increased concentration of essential biomolecules that have positive effects on human metabolism and, at the same time, prevent the most important immune diseases. , As a result, in the ecological conditions of the Ravni Kotari area, the two-year studies of lead (Pb) accumulation in the leaves and certain parts of the fruit were carried out, and their correlations were calculated. Subsequent to the day on which the fruit was set (DAFS) till germination, the level of Pb decreased slightly in all parts of the fruit, whereas the direction manifested a double sigmoid curve when it comes to the leaf. The level of Pb in the leaf was almost twice as high when compared to the parts of the fruit, especially in relation to the kernels, and toward the end of vegetation, which indicates a weak transfer of Pb from the leaf to the kernel and/or an immobilization of Pb in the leaf endoderm. The concentration of Pb in almond kernel in the phenophase of maturity ranged from 0.27±0.031 to 0.40±0.021 mg/kg of dry matter. This is an extremely low level of concentration if compared to the other fruits, which contain the higher levels of Pb when fresh, often being three to four times greater amounts in terms of dry matter. Positive correlations were found between the kernel and the endocarp, as well as between the kernel and the exocarp. Thus, it is safe to assert that almond kernels produced in the ecological conditions of the Ravni Kotari area may be qualified as “functional food,” but they may also constitute an integral part of infant foodstuffs.","PeriodicalId":44286,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivreda","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41500538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Puškadija, L. Ranogajec, Filip Jaman, Ivica Bošković, M. Kovačić
Due to the increased honeybee colony losses, the demands for honeybee colonies are growing annually. To regain the lost colonies or to increase the apiary size, the beekeepers need to purchase the new colonies or to prepare the new ones during the season. The aim of this study was to investigate the technological and economic efficiency of the three different methods of honeybee colony production, deploying one, two, or four combs of capped brood with the adhering bees and a mated queen. The study was conducted in northeastern Croatia from May 2019 to April 2020. At the end of the first season, there were no significant differences between the groups in the number of combs occupied with the brood and the bees. The production of colonies with one brood comb provides the beekeeper with an opportunity to multi ply more colonies, while the colonies established using four brood combs during an early season produced honey during the main summer nectar flow. All three methods of colony production have scored a positive economic result and have demonstrated positive profitability rates.
{"title":"Technological and Economic Optimization of Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) Colony Production","authors":"Z. Puškadija, L. Ranogajec, Filip Jaman, Ivica Bošković, M. Kovačić","doi":"10.18047/poljo.29.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18047/poljo.29.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the increased honeybee colony losses, the demands for honeybee colonies are growing annually. To regain the lost colonies or to increase the apiary size, the beekeepers need to purchase the new colonies or to prepare the new ones during the season. The aim of this study was to investigate the technological and economic efficiency of the three different methods of honeybee colony production, deploying one, two, or four combs of capped brood with the adhering bees and a mated queen. The study was conducted in northeastern Croatia from May 2019 to April 2020. At the end of the first season, there were no significant differences between the groups in the number of combs occupied with the brood and the bees. The production of colonies with one brood comb provides the beekeeper with an opportunity to multi ply more colonies, while the colonies established using four brood combs during an early season produced honey during the main summer nectar flow. All three methods of colony production have scored a positive economic result and have demonstrated positive profitability rates.","PeriodicalId":44286,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivreda","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42387465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tamara Rehak Biondić, Josipa Puškarić, B. GERIČ STARE, M. Brmež
Root-knot nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne belong to the most economically important group of plant-parasitic nematodes and also to the most important plant pests that can cause significant economic losses in crop production. They are poly phagous, highly adapted, obligate endoparasites of nearly all higher plant species, including the important agricultural crops. Within the genus Meloidogyne, about one hundred species have been described, of which the four species-that is, the Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria, M. javanica, and M. hapla-are the important plant pests and the most widespread species worldwide. As of 2010, twenty-three species have been confirmed in Europe, of which three non-quarantine species have been detected in Croatia. Many nematode species of the genus Meloidogyne can be considered dangerous invasive pests in agriculture, as they can spread rapidly due to the global trade, changing production technologies leading to a reduced use of pesticides, and climatic changes. To prevent or to limit the introduction and spread of the three species of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M. fallax, and M. enterolobii, respectively, were entered in the European list of quarantine nematodes. The species M. mali is incorporated in the EPPO A2 quarantine list, in addition to the three aforementioned species, while the M. ethiopica, M. luci, and M. graminicola are on the EPPO Alert List. It is expected that the tropical Meloidogyne species, for instance the M. enterolobii, M. ethiopica, and M. luci, as well as the M. incognita, M. arenaria, and M. javanica, will become the important pests in the temperate zones due to the new,) climatic conditions, more favorable for their development, which can pose a huge risk to the agricultural production. In Croatia, a wide distribution of nematode populations of the genus Meloidogyne spp. was con firmed, but a scientific knowledge about the species identification is very modest. Due to the variety of soil and climatic conditions present in Croatia, it is expected that more Meloidogyne species than those that are known so far will be detected in the future. This is one of the reasons for starting a more intensive monitoring of the Meloidogyne species in Croatia too.
{"title":"The Status of Root-Knot Nematodes of the Meloidogyne Genus in Croatia, with a Special Reference to the Quarantine Species","authors":"Tamara Rehak Biondić, Josipa Puškarić, B. GERIČ STARE, M. Brmež","doi":"10.18047/poljo.29.1.4.","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18047/poljo.29.1.4.","url":null,"abstract":"Root-knot nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne belong to the most economically important group of plant-parasitic nematodes and also to the most important plant pests that can cause significant economic losses in crop production. They are poly phagous, highly adapted, obligate endoparasites of nearly all higher plant species, including the important agricultural crops. Within the genus Meloidogyne, about one hundred species have been described, of which the four species-that is, the Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria, M. javanica, and M. hapla-are the important plant pests and the most widespread species worldwide. As of 2010, twenty-three species have been confirmed in Europe, of which three non-quarantine species have been detected in Croatia. Many nematode species of the genus Meloidogyne can be considered dangerous invasive pests in agriculture, as they can spread rapidly due to the global trade, changing production technologies leading to a reduced use of pesticides, and climatic changes. To prevent or to limit the introduction and spread of the three species of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M. fallax, and M. enterolobii, respectively, were entered in the European list of quarantine nematodes. The species M. mali is incorporated in the EPPO A2 quarantine list, in addition to the three aforementioned species, while the M. ethiopica, M. luci, and M. graminicola are on the EPPO Alert List. It is expected that the tropical Meloidogyne species, for instance the M. enterolobii, M. ethiopica, and M. luci, as well as the M. incognita, M. arenaria, and M. javanica, will become the important pests in the temperate zones due to the new,) climatic conditions, more favorable for their development, which can pose a huge risk to the agricultural production. In Croatia, a wide distribution of nematode populations of the genus Meloidogyne spp. was con firmed, but a scientific knowledge about the species identification is very modest. Due to the variety of soil and climatic conditions present in Croatia, it is expected that more Meloidogyne species than those that are known so far will be detected in the future. This is one of the reasons for starting a more intensive monitoring of the Meloidogyne species in Croatia too.","PeriodicalId":44286,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivreda","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42689303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Experiments were focused on differences in the ripening of crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and on the influence of the pre-har vest treatment with desiccants. The drying of leaves, stems and heads during ripening, regrowing, breakdown of heads and yield parameters including seed were compared. The crimson clover exhibited the natural drying of leaves, stems and heads faster than the red clover. In crimson clover, the drying of leaves, stems and heads before the har vest was 80 - 100%, 50– 95%, and 100 %, respectively. In red clover, the drying of leaves, stems and heads was 25 - 84 %, 20–72% and 45–99%, respectively. There were also dif ferences in the regrowing and in the breakdown of heads. In the pre-harvest treatments of crimson clover and red clover, the effect of diquat was compared with the efficiency of other herbicide substances (pyraflufen-ethyl, carfentrazone-ethyl and pelargonic acid) and with the efficiency of a high dose of DAM fertilizer (liquid fertilizer, urea-ammonium nitrate). Compared with diquat, the drying was slower with the other active substances. Significant effects of tested active substances on yield, WTS (weight of thousand seeds) and germination were not recorded.
{"title":"Differences in the Ripening of Two Clover Species and the Effect of Pre-harvest Desiccation","authors":"Zuzana Kubíková, Helena Hutyrová, Hana Šmejkalová","doi":"10.18047/poljo.29.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18047/poljo.29.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Experiments were focused on differences in the ripening of crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and on the influence of the pre-har vest treatment with desiccants. The drying of leaves, stems and heads during ripening, regrowing, breakdown of heads and yield parameters including seed were compared. The crimson clover exhibited the natural drying of leaves, stems and heads faster than the red clover. In crimson clover, the drying of leaves, stems and heads before the har vest was 80 - 100%, 50– 95%, and 100 %, respectively. In red clover, the drying of leaves, stems and heads was 25 - 84 %, 20–72% and 45–99%, respectively. There were also dif ferences in the regrowing and in the breakdown of heads. In the pre-harvest treatments of crimson clover and red clover, the effect of diquat was compared with the efficiency of other herbicide substances (pyraflufen-ethyl, carfentrazone-ethyl and pelargonic acid) and with the efficiency of a high dose of DAM fertilizer (liquid fertilizer, urea-ammonium nitrate). Compared with diquat, the drying was slower with the other active substances. Significant effects of tested active substances on yield, WTS (weight of thousand seeds) and germination were not recorded.","PeriodicalId":44286,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivreda","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44912603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study’s objective was to explore some of the annual Prussian carp’s (Carassius gibelio) biological characteristics (sex ratio, length–weight ratio, and gonado somatic index - GSI) in the Kopački Rit Nature Park in Croatia. The Prussian carp is an invasive fish species originated from Asia, which became widely distributed throughout Europe and is believed to be responsible for a decline in the number of indigenous fish, invertebrate, and macrophyte populations in different areas. The fish sampling was conducted from September to November 2017 and from February to July 2018, respectively, using electrofishing. A total of 475 fish individuals were caught and measured for the total length, standard length, body height, and body weight. Males made up 34.31% of the population of Prussian carp. The mean value of Fulton condition factor (FC) of Prussian carp in Kopački Rit was 1.77 ± 0.28. Overall, the FC value had a relatively small amplitude, but it exhibited a clear seasonal vari ability. The average GSI values of females (9.91 ± 5.34) were higher than those of males (3.58 ± 1.37) during the observed period. The average GSI values indicate that the majority of females are spawning in the late April and May, which are also the same periods when other cyprinid species are spawning, allowing the Prussian carp to exploit its gynogenesis strategy.
本研究的目的是探讨克罗地亚kopa ki Rit自然公园的普鲁士鲤鱼(Carassius gibelio)的一些生物学特性(性别比、长重比和性腺体细胞指数- GSI)。普鲁士鲤鱼是一种源自亚洲的入侵鱼类，它广泛分布在整个欧洲，被认为是造成不同地区本地鱼类、无脊椎动物和大型植物种群数量下降的原因。分别于2017年9月至11月和2018年2月至7月采用电钓法进行鱼类取样。共捕获了475条鱼，测量了鱼的总长度、标准长度、体高和体重。雄鱼占鲤鱼种群的34.31%。鲤鱼富尔顿条件因子(FC)均值为1.77±0.28。总体而言，FC值的幅度相对较小，但具有明显的季节变化能力。观察期内，女性平均GSI值(9.91±5.34)高于男性(3.58±1.37)。平均GSI值表明，大多数雌鱼在4月下旬和5月产卵，这也是其他鲤科鱼类产卵的同一时期，这使得普鲁士鲤鱼可以利用其雌鱼繁殖策略。
{"title":"Seasonal Changes in the Condition Factor and Gonado-Somatic Index of Carassius gibelio From the Kopački rit Nature Park, Croatia","authors":"Dinko Jelkić, A. Opačak","doi":"10.18047/poljo.29.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18047/poljo.29.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"This study’s objective was to explore some of the annual Prussian carp’s (Carassius gibelio) biological characteristics (sex ratio, length–weight ratio, and gonado somatic index - GSI) in the Kopački Rit Nature Park in Croatia. The Prussian carp is an invasive fish species originated from Asia, which became widely distributed throughout Europe and is believed to be responsible for a decline in the number of indigenous fish, invertebrate, and macrophyte populations in different areas. The fish sampling was conducted from September to November 2017 and from February to July 2018, respectively, using electrofishing. A total of 475 fish individuals were caught and measured for the total length, standard length, body height, and body weight. Males made up 34.31% of the population of Prussian carp. The mean value of Fulton condition factor (FC) of Prussian carp in Kopački Rit was 1.77 ± 0.28. Overall, the FC value had a relatively small amplitude, but it exhibited a clear seasonal vari ability. The average GSI values of females (9.91 ± 5.34) were higher than those of males (3.58 ± 1.37) during the observed period. The average GSI values indicate that the majority of females are spawning in the late April and May, which are also the same periods when other cyprinid species are spawning, allowing the Prussian carp to exploit its gynogenesis strategy.","PeriodicalId":44286,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivreda","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48433510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Pilić, Renata Bešta - Gajević, Sabna Dahija, J. Grahić
The production of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) as one of the most promising branches of fruit growing in Bosnia and Herzegovina could be permanently endangered due to the increasing incidence of crown gall disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The aim of this paper was to examine the morphological changes on raspberry seedlings caused by the bacterium A. tumefaciens, as well as the size and number of tumors depending on the applied biological or chemical treatment. The strain Agrobacterium tumefaciens MTCC 431 (ATCC 15955) was used. Morphometric parameters on raspberry seedlings were measured using the ImageJ 1.48v program. A binocular magnifier at 20x magnification was used to measure the the gook diameter. The computer program R c. 3.4.0 was used for a statistical analysis of results and an analysis of main components. It was observed that the raspberries inoculated with A. tumefaciens had a lower growth potential when compared to the control line. Rhizobium rhizogenes strain K1026, as an active substance of biopesticide, had a positive effect on the growth of infected raspberry plants, reducing bacterial infection. The applied chemical agent based on copper (I) oxide demonstrated lesser impact on the intensity of A. tumefaciens infection when compared to the biological agent. In this paper, a lower intensity of changes in raspberry plants was observed when the biopesticides and fungicides were applied simultaneously, in comparison with the individual treatments.
{"title":"The Influence of Pesticides and Biopesticides on Morphological Changes in Raspberry (Rubus ideaus L. „POLKA“) Infected with the Bacterium Agrobaterium tumefaciens","authors":"S. Pilić, Renata Bešta - Gajević, Sabna Dahija, J. Grahić","doi":"10.18047/poljo.29.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18047/poljo.29.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The production of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) as one of the most promising branches of fruit growing in Bosnia and Herzegovina could be permanently endangered due to the increasing incidence of crown gall disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The aim of this paper was to examine the morphological changes on raspberry seedlings caused by the bacterium A. tumefaciens, as well as the size and number of tumors depending on the applied biological or chemical treatment. The strain Agrobacterium tumefaciens MTCC 431 (ATCC 15955) was used. Morphometric parameters on raspberry seedlings were measured using the ImageJ 1.48v program. A binocular magnifier at 20x magnification was used to measure the the gook diameter. The computer program R c. 3.4.0 was used for a statistical analysis of results and an analysis of main components. It was observed that the raspberries inoculated with A. tumefaciens had a lower growth potential when compared to the control line. Rhizobium rhizogenes strain K1026, as an active substance of biopesticide, had a positive effect on the growth of infected raspberry plants, reducing bacterial infection. The applied chemical agent based on copper (I) oxide demonstrated lesser impact on the intensity of A. tumefaciens infection when compared to the biological agent. In this paper, a lower intensity of changes in raspberry plants was observed when the biopesticides and fungicides were applied simultaneously, in comparison with the individual treatments.","PeriodicalId":44286,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivreda","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46317669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Insects cause multiple losses in agricultural production by inflicting direct or indirect damage and transmitting plant diseases, which is manifested in a reduced quality and crop yield. With the application of chemical insecticides, being most common in conventional agriculture, the effort is invested to find the appropriate alternative ways to control the pests that are environmentally friendly. One such method is a biological insect control by entomopathogenic fungi that have proven to be extremely effective in controlling many insect species from multiple genera. The aim of this study was to determine the possibilities of insect control by entomopathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium and to show their potential in various forms of application, from a seed treatment, insect specimens, or storage areas. Numerous Fusarium sp. have demonstrated a high insect control efficiency at all stages of their development and are thus suitable for further research.
{"title":"ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI OF Fusarium: POTENTIAL FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECTS","authors":"Slavko Grgić, J. Ćosić, A. Sarajlić","doi":"10.18047/poljo.28.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18047/poljo.28.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Insects cause multiple losses in agricultural production by inflicting direct or indirect damage and transmitting plant diseases, which is manifested in a reduced quality and crop yield. With the application of chemical insecticides, being most common in conventional agriculture, the effort is invested to find the appropriate alternative ways to control the pests that are environmentally friendly. One such method is a biological insect control by entomopathogenic fungi that have proven to be extremely effective in controlling many insect species from multiple genera. The aim of this study was to determine the possibilities of insect control by entomopathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium and to show their potential in various forms of application, from a seed treatment, insect specimens, or storage areas. Numerous Fusarium sp. have demonstrated a high insect control efficiency at all stages of their development and are thus suitable for further research.","PeriodicalId":44286,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivreda","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42932450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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