A. Jozinović, G. Šimić, Marijana Grec, Đ. Ačkar, J. Babić, G. Drezner, Nikolina Kajić, D. Šubarić
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of extruder die temperature (90, 100, 110 °C) and flour moisture (25, 30, 35%) on properties of extrusion-modified flours from wheat (Kraljica, Olimpija) and hull-less barley (GZ-10, GZ-11) cultivars. Flours were extruded in laboratory single screw extruder and micro viscoamylographic, farinographic properties, sedimentation and falling number were determined. The results showed that viscosity values decreased and stability of flours increased after extrusion, both during shearing at high temperatures and regarding retrogradation. Although barley flours were in B2 and C1 quality category before extrusion, after extrusion all flours were within A1 or A2 category. Sedimentation values significantly decreased after extrusion, and falling number depended largely on extrusion conditions. By careful selection of cultivar, flour moisture, and extrusion conditions flours with desired properties may be produced.
{"title":"Influence of Extrusion on Functional Properties of Flour from Selected Wheat and Barley Cultivars Grown in Croatia","authors":"A. Jozinović, G. Šimić, Marijana Grec, Đ. Ačkar, J. Babić, G. Drezner, Nikolina Kajić, D. Šubarić","doi":"10.18047/poljo.28.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18047/poljo.28.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of extruder die temperature (90, 100, 110 °C) and flour moisture (25, 30, 35%) on properties of extrusion-modified flours from wheat (Kraljica, Olimpija) and hull-less barley (GZ-10, GZ-11) cultivars. Flours were extruded in laboratory single screw extruder and micro viscoamylographic, farinographic properties, sedimentation and falling number were determined. The results showed that viscosity values decreased and stability of flours increased after extrusion, both during shearing at high temperatures and regarding retrogradation. Although barley flours were in B2 and C1 quality category before extrusion, after extrusion all flours were within A1 or A2 category. Sedimentation values significantly decreased after extrusion, and falling number depended largely on extrusion conditions. By careful selection of cultivar, flour moisture, and extrusion conditions flours with desired properties may be produced.","PeriodicalId":44286,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivreda","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44100308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Jožef, M. Šperanda, M. Đidara, D. Bešlo, V. Gantner
With the aim of determination of biochemical indicators variability in the plasma and milk and hematological indicators regarding the daily lactose content classes (indicating the mastitis risk) and somatic cell counts classes (indicating the animal’s health status), blood and milk of 75 Holstein cows were sampled. The cows were reared on a commercial dairy farm. A statistical analysis demonstrated that the lactation stage, parity, and statistically significant monthly measurement P < 0.01) affected both the biochemical and hematological parameters. The differences between the analyzed biochemical and hematological parameters due to the mastitis score classes (according to the daily lactose content, DLC, and the somatic cell count, SCC) were present and statistically significant (P < 0.05) in some traits. Furthermore, different trends regarding the mastitis scoring (DCL of SCC) were determined in some traits. Therefore, when using the test-day records as an animal’s mastitis risk and health status indicator, both scoring ways should be used. Finally, in the case of a mastitis risk or mastitis occurrence, other diagnostic methods (such as various mastitis tests) should be used for the sake of an unambiguous detection.
{"title":"The Variability of Biochemical and Hematological Parameters Depending on the Mastitis Occurence in Dairy Cows","authors":"I. Jožef, M. Šperanda, M. Đidara, D. Bešlo, V. Gantner","doi":"10.18047/poljo.28.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18047/poljo.28.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"With the aim of determination of biochemical indicators variability in the plasma and milk and hematological indicators regarding the daily lactose content classes (indicating the mastitis risk) and somatic cell counts classes (indicating the animal’s health status), blood and milk of 75 Holstein cows were sampled. The cows were reared on a commercial dairy farm. A statistical analysis demonstrated that the lactation stage, parity, and statistically significant monthly measurement P < 0.01) affected both the biochemical and hematological parameters. The differences between the analyzed biochemical and hematological parameters due to the mastitis score classes (according to the daily lactose content, DLC, and the somatic cell count, SCC) were present and statistically significant (P < 0.05) in some traits. Furthermore, different trends regarding the mastitis scoring (DCL of SCC) were determined in some traits. Therefore, when using the test-day records as an animal’s mastitis risk and health status indicator, both scoring ways should be used. Finally, in the case of a mastitis risk or mastitis occurrence, other diagnostic methods (such as various mastitis tests) should be used for the sake of an unambiguous detection.","PeriodicalId":44286,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivreda","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44736987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daria Galić Subašić, M. Jurišić, Andrijana Rebekić, M. Josipović, Dorijan Radočaj, I. Rapčan
The study presents the results of a three-year experiment (2013–2015) that was carried out to determine a relationship between the soybean yield components and the seed yield under different irrigation treatments. The results indicated that the study year had the greatest effect on the number of nodes per plant (NNP), while an interaction between the irrigation and experiment year was also statistically significant. The highest average NNP was observed in 2015, being 33% higher when compared to the year 2014. The highest number of seeds per plant (NSP) was observed in 2015, being 20% and 31% higher when compared to 2013 and 2014. An abundant irrigation resulted in the highest NSP when compared to a rational and control treatment. Irrigation, study year, and their interaction did not have a statistically significant effect on the thousand seed weight (TSW) (g), but the lowest average TSW (g) was obtained in the control treatment of each study year. Regression models pertaining to the seed yield prediction in the control treatment and rational irrigation were not statistically significant. However, in the abundant irrigation, the regression model based on the TSW (g), NNP, and the NSP as the predictors provided for a statistically significant model seed yield prediction, but only the NSP was identified as a highly significant seed yield predictor.
{"title":"Relationship Between the Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) Yield Components and Seed Yield Under Irrigation Conditions","authors":"Daria Galić Subašić, M. Jurišić, Andrijana Rebekić, M. Josipović, Dorijan Radočaj, I. Rapčan","doi":"10.18047/poljo.28.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18047/poljo.28.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents the results of a three-year experiment (2013–2015) that was carried out to determine a relationship between the soybean yield components and the seed yield under different irrigation treatments. The results indicated that the study year had the greatest effect on the number of nodes per plant (NNP), while an interaction between the irrigation and experiment year was also statistically significant. The highest average NNP was observed in 2015, being 33% higher when compared to the year 2014. The highest number of seeds per plant (NSP) was observed in 2015, being 20% and 31% higher when compared to 2013 and 2014. An abundant irrigation resulted in the highest NSP when compared to a rational and control treatment. Irrigation, study year, and their interaction did not have a statistically significant effect on the thousand seed weight (TSW) (g), but the lowest average TSW (g) was obtained in the control treatment of each study year. Regression models pertaining to the seed yield prediction in the control treatment and rational irrigation were not statistically significant. However, in the abundant irrigation, the regression model based on the TSW (g), NNP, and the NSP as the predictors provided for a statistically significant model seed yield prediction, but only the NSP was identified as a highly significant seed yield predictor.","PeriodicalId":44286,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivreda","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48994916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dorijan Radočaj, T. Vinković, M. Jurišić, M. Gašparović
The relationship between cropland suitability and the surrounding environmental factors has an important role in understanding and adjusting agricultural land management systems to natural cropland suitability. In this study, the relationship between soybean cropland suitability, determined by a novel machine learningbased approach, and three major environmental factors in continental Croatia was evaluated. These constituted of two major land cover classes (forests and urban areas), utilized soybean growth seasons per agricultural parcels during a 2017–2020 study period and soil types. The sensitivity analysis in geographic information system (GIS) using a raster overlay method, along with auxiliary spatial processing, was performed. The proximity of soybean agricultural parcels to forests showed a high correlation with suitability values, indicating a potential benefit of implementing agroforestry in land management plans. A notable amount of suitable agricultural parcels for soybean cultivation, which were previously not utilized for soybean cultivation was observed. A disregard of crop rotations was also noted, with the same soybean parcels within the study period in three and four years. This analysis showed considerable potential in understanding the effects of environmental factors on cropland suitability values, leading to more efficient land management policies and future suitability studies.
{"title":"The Relationship of Environmental Factors and the Cropland Suitability Levels for Soybean Cultivation Determined by Machine Learning","authors":"Dorijan Radočaj, T. Vinković, M. Jurišić, M. Gašparović","doi":"10.18047/poljo.28.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18047/poljo.28.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between cropland suitability and the surrounding environmental factors has an important role in understanding and adjusting agricultural land management systems to natural cropland suitability. In this study, the relationship between soybean cropland suitability, determined by a novel machine learningbased approach, and three major environmental factors in continental Croatia was evaluated. These constituted of two major land cover classes (forests and urban areas), utilized soybean growth seasons per agricultural parcels during a 2017–2020 study period and soil types. The sensitivity analysis in geographic information system (GIS) using a raster overlay method, along with auxiliary spatial processing, was performed. The proximity of soybean agricultural parcels to forests showed a high correlation with suitability values, indicating a potential benefit of implementing agroforestry in land management plans. A notable amount of suitable agricultural parcels for soybean cultivation, which were previously not utilized for soybean cultivation was observed. A disregard of crop rotations was also noted, with the same soybean parcels within the study period in three and four years. This analysis showed considerable potential in understanding the effects of environmental factors on cropland suitability values, leading to more efficient land management policies and future suitability studies.","PeriodicalId":44286,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivreda","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41424365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental stresses are inevitable during the plant growth. The β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) induces systemic resistance in plants. The efficiency of BABA pretreatments (0.5 and 10 mM) in inducing drought tolerance in the ‘Akbari’ pistachio rootstock in controlled environmental conditions was investigated. The BABA solutions were sprayed three times every two days on pistachio seedlings at the 15-leaf stage. Subsequently, the irrigation of plants was withheld for 25 days, and the effects of BABA pretreatments on the growth, water relations, and oxidative damage indices in plants were investigated. The BABA pretreatments prevented the reduction of shoot dry and fresh mass under a drought stress by inhibiting the leaf abscission and maintaining the relative water content. Owing to the leaf abscission, leaf water potential and turgidity of drought-stressed plants were similar to the control plants. However, the measurement of osmotic potential indicated that the BABA pretreatments improved turgor potential in leaves of the drought-stressed plants by inducing osmotic regulation. A declined membrane stability index and chlorophylls, as well as the malondialdehyde accumulation in line with the hydrogen peroxide accumulation in the leaves, indicated the development of oxidative damage under drought. Still, the BABA pretreatment restricted the severity of oxidative damages. In this regard, a 5 mM BABA pretreatment was the most effective one in the anti-drought plant protection.
{"title":"The Improvement of Growth, Water Relations, and Oxidative Reduction of Pistachio Rootstock in Drought Stress Conditions with Beta-Aminobutyric Acid Pretreatment","authors":"Karimi Soheil, M. Shokri","doi":"10.18047/poljo.28.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18047/poljo.28.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental stresses are inevitable during the plant growth. The β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) induces systemic resistance in plants. The efficiency of BABA pretreatments (0.5 and 10 mM) in inducing drought tolerance in the ‘Akbari’ pistachio rootstock in controlled environmental conditions was investigated. The BABA solutions were sprayed three times every two days on pistachio seedlings at the 15-leaf stage. Subsequently, the irrigation of plants was withheld for 25 days, and the effects of BABA pretreatments on the growth, water relations, and oxidative damage indices in plants were investigated. The BABA pretreatments prevented the reduction of shoot dry and fresh mass under a drought stress by inhibiting the leaf abscission and maintaining the relative water content. Owing to the leaf abscission, leaf water potential and turgidity of drought-stressed plants were similar to the control plants. However, the measurement of osmotic potential indicated that the BABA pretreatments improved turgor potential in leaves of the drought-stressed plants by inducing osmotic regulation. A declined membrane stability index and chlorophylls, as well as the malondialdehyde accumulation in line with the hydrogen peroxide accumulation in the leaves, indicated the development of oxidative damage under drought. Still, the BABA pretreatment restricted the severity of oxidative damages. In this regard, a 5 mM BABA pretreatment was the most effective one in the anti-drought plant protection.","PeriodicalId":44286,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivreda","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46586795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A multidisciplinary field experiment for winter wheat was conducted in Croatia during three seasons. The intention was to examine the effect of tillage systems (TS) on the economic indicators, that is, on the gross margin (GM), rate of profitability (ROP), cost-effectiveness (E) and productivity (P). The TSs were as follows: CT — plowing up to a 30 cm depth, DT — disking up 8-12 cm, LT — loosening up to 35 cm and NT — no-tillage. The experimental design was a randomized block one in four repetitions, whereby the basic TS plot amounted to 540 m2. The economic indicators were calculated using the economic equations and standards. Statistical analysis was performed with the SAS 9.3 and Microsoft Excel 2016 software. The results are pointing that the LT assigned the prime economic results. The ROP was in the following order: CT (32.67%) < DT (37.39%) < LT (40.31%) < NT (42.29%). The same order was established for the E, as follows: CT (1.33) < DT (1.37) < LT (1.40) < NT (1.42). The NT established the best P because of the lowest production costs, but due to a significantly lower yield, the NT has a limited adoption in practice. A viable agricultural production by the implementation of reduced soil tillage systems has its capabilities and potential while invigorating economic sustainability and agricultural production’s financial efficiency.
{"title":"Economic Viability of Winter-Wheat Tillage Systems","authors":"M. Stošić, L. Ranogajec, B. Popović","doi":"10.18047/poljo.28.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18047/poljo.28.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"A multidisciplinary field experiment for winter wheat was conducted in Croatia during three seasons. The intention was to examine the effect of tillage systems (TS) on the economic indicators, that is, on the gross margin (GM), rate of profitability (ROP), cost-effectiveness (E) and productivity (P). The TSs were as follows: CT — plowing up to a 30 cm depth, DT — disking up 8-12 cm, LT — loosening up to 35 cm and NT — no-tillage. The experimental design was a randomized block one in four repetitions, whereby the basic TS plot amounted to 540 m2. The economic indicators were calculated using the economic equations and standards. Statistical analysis was performed with the SAS 9.3 and Microsoft Excel 2016 software. The results are pointing that the LT assigned the prime economic results. The ROP was in the following order: CT (32.67%) < DT (37.39%) < LT (40.31%) < NT (42.29%). The same order was established for the E, as follows: CT (1.33) < DT (1.37) < LT (1.40) < NT (1.42). The NT established the best P because of the lowest production costs, but due to a significantly lower yield, the NT has a limited adoption in practice. A viable agricultural production by the implementation of reduced soil tillage systems has its capabilities and potential while invigorating economic sustainability and agricultural production’s financial efficiency.","PeriodicalId":44286,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivreda","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41998202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Tomaš, I. Mihaljević, D. Vuković, Marija Viljevac Vuletić, V. Galić, Viktor Tomeš, Krunoslav Brus, Z. Zdunić
Cacopsylla pyri L. (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is one of the most serious economic pear pests in Eastern Croatia. Previous methods of pear control in the Republic of Croatia have led to the development of an insect population resistant to certain active ingredients. The objectives of this two-year study were to determine the optimal number of treatments for psylla control based on the monitoring of pest life cycle and to determine the effectiveness of processed kaolin in controlling the pear psylla in comparison with other chemical insecticides in four different treatments (T1. IPM-integrated protection program – diflubenzuron, spirotetramat, abamectin, acetamprid; T2. acrinatrin + abamectin, T3. kaolin clay, T4. control treatment). The research was conducted in 2017 and 2018 in a six-year-old experimental pear orchard on three varieties (Williams, Conference, and Abate Fetel). Monitoring of the pest population and its development was performed by visual inspection on two one-year shoots per tree of each variety in all replicates. The T1 treatment demonstrated the highest efficiency, between 84-95%, depending on the year, while the kaolin treatment had the lowest one, but it varied greatly from one year to the other (37-71%).
{"title":"Comparative Effect of Different Insecticides and Processed Kaolin on Cacopsylla pyri L. Population Reduction","authors":"V. Tomaš, I. Mihaljević, D. Vuković, Marija Viljevac Vuletić, V. Galić, Viktor Tomeš, Krunoslav Brus, Z. Zdunić","doi":"10.18047/poljo.28.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18047/poljo.28.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Cacopsylla pyri L. (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is one of the most serious economic pear pests in Eastern Croatia. Previous methods of pear control in the Republic of Croatia have led to the development of an insect population resistant to certain active ingredients. The objectives of this two-year study were to determine the optimal number of treatments for psylla control based on the monitoring of pest life cycle and to determine the effectiveness of processed kaolin in controlling the pear psylla in comparison with other chemical insecticides in four different treatments (T1. IPM-integrated protection program – diflubenzuron, spirotetramat, abamectin, acetamprid; T2. acrinatrin + abamectin, T3. kaolin clay, T4. control treatment). The research was conducted in 2017 and 2018 in a six-year-old experimental pear orchard on three varieties (Williams, Conference, and Abate Fetel). Monitoring of the pest population and its development was performed by visual inspection on two one-year shoots per tree of each variety in all replicates. The T1 treatment demonstrated the highest efficiency, between 84-95%, depending on the year, while the kaolin treatment had the lowest one, but it varied greatly from one year to the other (37-71%).","PeriodicalId":44286,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivreda","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47465007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anto Mijić, I. Liović, A. Sudarić, T. Duvnjak, B. Šimić, Antonela Markulj Kulundžić
Conducting macrotrials is one of the essential elements in the quantification of sunflower hybrids’ agronomic traits. Therefore, the results of macrotrials at the Čepin site in the 2010-20 period were analyzed with an objective of sunflower hybrids’ grain yield, oil content, and fungicide effect evaluation. Seventeen seed companies participated in the trials, and the total number of hybrids during the study amounted to 439. The lowest number of hybrids was in the year 2010 (27) and the highest in the year 2018 (66). The average grain yield in the untreated variant amounted to 3.7 t ha-1 and 3.8 t ha-1in treated. The highest grain yield was achieved in the year 2017: 4.6 t ha-1 in the treated and 4.5 t ha-1 in the untreated variant, respectively. The highest individual grain yield per hybrid in the treated variant (i.e., 5.8 t ha-1) was achieved in the same year. The average oil content in the untreated variant amounted to 44.04% and to 44.69% in the treated variant. The highest oil content in the treated variant was achieved in 2011 and amounted to 46.73%, while it amounted to 45.78% in the untreated variant in 2012. The highest oil content per hybrid (50.08%) was that in 2012 in the treated variant. The most effective sunflower fungicide treatment was the one in 2019, when the grain yield increased by 0.54 t ha-1, whereas the oil content was increased by 0.78%. In sunflower production, the achieved grain yield, oil content, and fungicide effect largely depend on the year. The quality and timely applied agrotechnical measures, with a high level of expertise and procedural experience, are of great importance for the obtainment of high and stable grain yields and sunflower oil contents.
进行宏观试验是量化向日葵杂交种农艺性状的基本要素之一。因此，以向日葵杂交种的产量、含油量和杀菌剂效果评估为目标，分析了2010年至2010年在采平试验场的宏观试验结果。17家种子公司参与了试验，研究期间的杂交种总数达到439个。杂交种数量最低的是2010年（27种），最高的是2018年（66种）。未处理的变体的平均粮食产量为3.7吨ha-1，处理的变体为3.8吨ha-1。2017年实现了最高的粮食产量：处理后的变体和未处理的变体分别为4.6 t ha-1和4.5 t ha-1。在同一年，处理后的变体中的每个杂交种的单粒产量最高（即5.8吨ha-1）。未处理变体中的平均油含量为44.04%，处理变体中为44.69%。2011年，经过处理的变体中的含油量最高，达到46.73%，而2012年，未经处理的变体的含油量达到45.78%。每个杂交种的最高含油量（50.08%）是2012年处理过的变体。最有效的向日葵杀菌剂处理是2019年，当时粮食产量增加了0.54 t ha-1，而含油量增加了0.78%。在向日葵生产中，所实现的粮食产量、含油量和杀菌剂效果在很大程度上取决于年份。具有高水平专业知识和程序经验的优质和及时应用的农业技术措施对于获得高稳定的粮食产量和葵花油含量具有重要意义。
{"title":"Macrotrials as important factor in evaluation of agronomic traits of sunflower hybrids","authors":"Anto Mijić, I. Liović, A. Sudarić, T. Duvnjak, B. Šimić, Antonela Markulj Kulundžić","doi":"10.18047/poljo.28.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18047/poljo.28.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Conducting macrotrials is one of the essential elements in the quantification of sunflower hybrids’ agronomic traits. Therefore, the results of macrotrials at the Čepin site in the 2010-20 period were analyzed with an objective of sunflower hybrids’ grain yield, oil content, and fungicide effect evaluation. Seventeen seed companies participated in the trials, and the total number of hybrids during the study amounted to 439. The lowest number of hybrids was in the year 2010 (27) and the highest in the year 2018 (66). The average grain yield in the untreated variant amounted to 3.7 t ha-1 and 3.8 t ha-1in treated. The highest grain yield was achieved in the year 2017: 4.6 t ha-1 in the treated and 4.5 t ha-1 in the untreated variant, respectively. The highest individual grain yield per hybrid in the treated variant (i.e., 5.8 t ha-1) was achieved in the same year. The average oil content in the untreated variant amounted to 44.04% and to 44.69% in the treated variant. The highest oil content in the treated variant was achieved in 2011 and amounted to 46.73%, while it amounted to 45.78% in the untreated variant in 2012. The highest oil content per hybrid (50.08%) was that in 2012 in the treated variant. The most effective sunflower fungicide treatment was the one in 2019, when the grain yield increased by 0.54 t ha-1, whereas the oil content was increased by 0.78%. In sunflower production, the achieved grain yield, oil content, and fungicide effect largely depend on the year. The quality and timely applied agrotechnical measures, with a high level of expertise and procedural experience, are of great importance for the obtainment of high and stable grain yields and sunflower oil contents.","PeriodicalId":44286,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivreda","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45646485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lupin is a very promising crop for seed and biomass production in organic farming. The aim of this research, conducted in 2018 and 2019 at the experimental facility of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, was to determine the white lupin seed and biomass yield, depending on the sowing density. The trial was laid out according to a randomized block design with four replications. The research included two white lupin varieties, Feodora and Energy, respectively, and three sowing densities: 50, 70, and 90 seeds m-2. In 2018, the Energy variety achieved a higher green mass and dry matter yield than the Feodora variety, and tended to produce the insignificantly higher yields than Feodora over all the tested sowing densities in 2019. The green mass and the dry matter yield increased with an increase in the sowing density. In 2019, the weather conditions were more favorable for the lupin growth and development, and a higher yield was achieved if compared to that of 2018. The Energy variety achieved a significantly higher seed yield in 2018. The seed yield increased with an increase in the sowing density. In both research years, the number of pods and seed weight per plant decreased with an increase in the sowing density. These parameters’ lowest values were achieved at the sowing density of 90 seeds m-2. A tendency of a harvest index decrease was detected along with an increase in the sowing density, but the differences were very small.
{"title":"The Potential of White Lupin (Lupinus albus L.) Seed and Biomass Yield in organic Farming","authors":"A. Pospišil, Ksenija Ivanović, M. Pospišil","doi":"10.18047/poljo.28.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18047/poljo.28.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Lupin is a very promising crop for seed and biomass production in organic farming. The aim of this research, conducted in 2018 and 2019 at the experimental facility of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, was to determine the white lupin seed and biomass yield, depending on the sowing density. The trial was laid out according to a randomized block design with four replications. The research included two white lupin varieties, Feodora and Energy, respectively, and three sowing densities: 50, 70, and 90 seeds m-2. In 2018, the Energy variety achieved a higher green mass and dry matter yield than the Feodora variety, and tended to produce the insignificantly higher yields than Feodora over all the tested sowing densities in 2019. The green mass and the dry matter yield increased with an increase in the sowing density. In 2019, the weather conditions were more favorable for the lupin growth and development, and a higher yield was achieved if compared to that of 2018. The Energy variety achieved a significantly higher seed yield in 2018. The seed yield increased with an increase in the sowing density. In both research years, the number of pods and seed weight per plant decreased with an increase in the sowing density. These parameters’ lowest values were achieved at the sowing density of 90 seeds m-2. A tendency of a harvest index decrease was detected along with an increase in the sowing density, but the differences were very small.","PeriodicalId":44286,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivreda","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46984244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Domaćinović, Ivica Vranić, Ivana Prakatur, M. Špehar, Z. Ivkić, Dragan Solić
For the purpose of corn silage quality evaluation, 270 samples on dairy farms in twelve (12) counties were analyzed in this study. The prepared samples were subjected to the FT-NIR device using the AgriQuant-B1 spectrometer (Model: QIA 1020), which analyzed the values of nine (9) nutritional, two (2) indicators of rumen fermentation, and three (3) indicators of corn silage fermentation. One physical indicator, the silage particle size distribution, was determined by sieving through a three-sieve system (Penn State Separator). The average values of most of the monitored nutritional indicators were satisfactory: DM = 349 g kg-1, crude protein = 65 g kg-1 DM, crude ash = 38 g kg-1 DM, crude fiber = 180 g kg-1 DM, acid detergent fiber = 210 g kg-1 DM, neutral detergent fiber = 387 g kg-1 DM, acid detergent lignin = 17 g kg-1 DM, starch = 336.59 g kg-1 DM, net energy of milk = 6.76 MJ g kg-1 DM. Significant deviations in Max. and Min. were found for the DM values (156 non-compliant samples), as many as 231 non-compliant samples were found for crude protein, 90 noncompliant samples were detected for the acidic detergent fibers, and 233 for starch. The rumen fermentation indicators, expressed as average digestible organic matter (dOM), amounted to 75.6%, and those of digestible neutral detergent fiber (dNDF) amounted to 52.8%. The average pH value reached a desirable value of 3.85, with an average concentration of lactic acid (54.9 g kg-1 DM) and acetic acid (21.1 g kg-1 DM). The average values of silage particle size distribution, measured through four fractions, resulted in the following values: sieve 1 – 5.7%; sieve 2 – 55.7%; sieve 3 – 26.1% and bottom vessel – 12.6%. The strongest positive correlation was found between the crude fiber in relation to the ADF (r = 0.870), NDF (r = 0.959), and ADL (r = 0.790) and between the NDF and ADF (r = 0.845). Negative correlation was strongest between the ADL and dOM (r = -0.844), between the starch compared to the CF (r = -0.835) and NDF (r = -0.809), and between thepH and lactic acid (r = -0.804). These correlations between the indicators were also statistically highly significant (p<0.001).
为了评价玉米青贮饲料的质量，本研究对12个县270个奶牛场的样品进行了分析。使用AgriQuant-B1光谱仪（型号：QIA 1020）对制备的样品进行FT-NIR装置，该装置分析了九（9）个营养指标、两（2）个瘤胃发酵指标和三（3）个玉米青贮发酵指标的值。一个物理指标，青贮饲料粒度分布，通过三筛系统（宾夕法尼亚州立分离器）进行筛分来确定。大多数监测营养指标的平均值均令人满意：DM=349 g kg-1，粗蛋白=65 g kg-1 DM，粗灰分=38 g kg-1 DM，粗纤维=180 g kg-1糖尿病，酸性洗涤剂纤维=210 g kg-1 DM.中性洗涤剂纤维=387 g kg-1DM，酸性洗涤剂木质素=17 g kg-1德姆，淀粉=336.59 g kg-1达姆，牛奶净能量=6.76 MJ g kg-1。DM值的最大值和最小值存在显著偏差（156个不合规样品），粗蛋白的不合规样品多达231个，酸性洗涤剂纤维的不合规样本多达90个，淀粉的不合规试样多达233个。瘤胃发酵指标以平均可消化有机物（dOM）表示，达75.6%，可消化中性洗涤纤维（dNDF）达52.8%。平均pH值达到3.85，乳酸（54.9 g kg-1 DM）和乙酸（21.1 g kg-1 DM）的平均浓度。通过四个部分测量的青贮饲料粒度分布的平均值得出以下值：1号筛–5.7%；筛2–55.7%；筛3–26.1%，底部容器–12.6%。粗纤维与ADF（r=0.870）、NDF（r=0.959）和ADL（r=0.790）之间以及NDF与ADF之间（r=0.845）之间的正相关最强。ADL与dOM之间的负相关最强（r=-0.844），淀粉与CF（r=-0.835）和NDF之间的负相关性最强（r=0.809），和乳酸之间的相关性（r=-0.804）。这些指标之间的相关性也具有统计学意义（p<0.001）。
{"title":"Nutritional Quality of Corn Silage on Dairy Farms in the Republic of Croatia","authors":"M. Domaćinović, Ivica Vranić, Ivana Prakatur, M. Špehar, Z. Ivkić, Dragan Solić","doi":"10.18047/poljo.28.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18047/poljo.28.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"For the purpose of corn silage quality evaluation, 270 samples on dairy farms in twelve (12) counties were analyzed in this study. The prepared samples were subjected to the FT-NIR device using the AgriQuant-B1 spectrometer (Model: QIA 1020), which analyzed the values of nine (9) nutritional, two (2) indicators of rumen fermentation, and three (3) indicators of corn silage fermentation. One physical indicator, the silage particle size distribution, was determined by sieving through a three-sieve system (Penn State Separator). The average values of most of the monitored nutritional indicators were satisfactory: DM = 349 g kg-1, crude protein = 65 g kg-1 DM, crude ash = 38 g kg-1 DM, crude fiber = 180 g kg-1 DM, acid detergent fiber = 210 g kg-1 DM, neutral detergent fiber = 387 g kg-1 DM, acid detergent lignin = 17 g kg-1 DM, starch = 336.59 g kg-1 DM, net energy of milk = 6.76 MJ g kg-1 DM. Significant deviations in Max. and Min. were found for the DM values (156 non-compliant samples), as many as 231 non-compliant samples were found for crude protein, 90 noncompliant samples were detected for the acidic detergent fibers, and 233 for starch. The rumen fermentation indicators, expressed as average digestible organic matter (dOM), amounted to 75.6%, and those of digestible neutral detergent fiber (dNDF) amounted to 52.8%. The average pH value reached a desirable value of 3.85, with an average concentration of lactic acid (54.9 g kg-1 DM) and acetic acid (21.1 g kg-1 DM). The average values of silage particle size distribution, measured through four fractions, resulted in the following values: sieve 1 – 5.7%; sieve 2 – 55.7%; sieve 3 – 26.1% and bottom vessel – 12.6%. The strongest positive correlation was found between the crude fiber in relation to the ADF (r = 0.870), NDF (r = 0.959), and ADL (r = 0.790) and between the NDF and ADF (r = 0.845). Negative correlation was strongest between the ADL and dOM (r = -0.844), between the starch compared to the CF (r = -0.835) and NDF (r = -0.809), and between thepH and lactic acid (r = -0.804). These correlations between the indicators were also statistically highly significant (p<0.001).","PeriodicalId":44286,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivreda","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43244615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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