On the Issue of the Development and Spread of Lids and “Lid-Bowls” in the Pottery Circles of Medieval Central Europe The emergence and development of lids in the Czech lands in the 12th–14th century was part of the transformation of central European pottery. At the beginning of this process was a vessel with domestic origins and for which on the general level we cannot rule out a dual function – the “lid/bowl”. A variety of types of lids are encountered during the 13th century and their origins can be traced to the neighbouring German-speaking lands. The basic types of lids took shape in the 10th–12th century in south Germany, from where they spread around Bohemian-Moravian territory, where they arrived during the 13th century from neighbouring lands. In outlying areas (Austria, Saxony), the number of types was reduced to one or two main forms, which were also used the most in the Czech lands. It appears that lids emerged from the need to improve the process of food preparation. In several border areas and trade centres inclusive Prague, the transformation led from the late 12th century to the beginning of the 13th century to the advent of a specific habit and hybrid identity in the population that was also reflected in some components of material culture, including ceramics. Innovation in the field of ceramics took two main forms, and, among other things, the end of the transformation process in ceramics in the 14th century led to the predominance of bell-shaped lids throughout Bohemia and Moravia.
{"title":"K otázce vývoje a rozšíření pokliček a tzv. pokliček-misek v keramických okruzích střední Evropy ve středověku / Zur Frage der Entwicklung und Verbreitung von Deckeln und sogenannten Deckeln-Schüsseln in den mitteleuropäischen Keramikkreisen im Mittelalter","authors":"R. Procházka","doi":"10.35686/pa2022.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/pa2022.5","url":null,"abstract":"On the Issue of the Development and Spread of Lids and “Lid-Bowls” in the Pottery Circles of Medieval Central Europe The emergence and development of lids in the Czech lands in the 12th–14th century was part of the transformation of central European pottery. At the beginning of this process was a vessel with domestic origins and for which on the general level we cannot rule out a dual function – the “lid/bowl”. A variety of types of lids are encountered during the 13th century and their origins can be traced to the neighbouring German-speaking lands. The basic types of lids took shape in the 10th–12th century in south Germany, from where they spread around Bohemian-Moravian territory, where they arrived during the 13th century from neighbouring lands. In outlying areas (Austria, Saxony), the number of types was reduced to one or two main forms, which were also used the most in the Czech lands. It appears that lids emerged from the need to improve the process of food preparation. In several border areas and trade centres inclusive Prague, the transformation led from the late 12th century to the beginning of the 13th century to the advent of a specific habit and hybrid identity in the population that was also reflected in some components of material culture, including ceramics. Innovation in the field of ceramics took two main forms, and, among other things, the end of the transformation process in ceramics in the 14th century led to the predominance of bell-shaped lids throughout Bohemia and Moravia.","PeriodicalId":44301,"journal":{"name":"Pamatky Archeologicke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45046784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
František Trampota, Petr Kubín, Linda Melicherová, Lenka Vargová, Ivana Jarošová, K. Vymazalová, Ladislava Horáčková, Miriam Nývltová Fišáková, Katharina Rebay-Salisbury, Barbara Rendl, Fabian Kanz, I. Mařík, Věra Klontza-jaklová
The authors present part of a burial ground of the Late Migration Period in Drnholec - Pod sýpkou (Břeclav district, Czech Republic), where seven graves were discovered in 2016 and 2017. The grave goods were identified, by typological analysis, as Langobardian/Lombardian. The authors argue that even a small part of a cemetery with a limited number of graves can bring important new data and open strategic questions, challenging traditional interpretations. The paper aims to present the results of excavation in the light of archaeological, anthropological and zooarchaeological perspectives. Archaeological part is focused on presenting the grave units and the cemetery as a contextual unit. Stylistic and typological analysis of grave goods, radiocarbon dates and probability modeling were used to establish the chronology of the cemetery. Anthropological and palaeopathological examinations were accompanied with buccal dental microwear analysis and tooth cementum annulation (TCA) which provide information about diet and age-at-death estimation. Zooarchaeological analysis was mainly driven by the find of a mule skeleton. In addition to skeletal expertise, Nitrogen and Carbon stable isotopes analyses were also applied. The authors set out their thoughts, based on material and bibliographical study, on the problem of classifying and understanding the cultural and ethnic identity of the Migration Period populations.
作者展示了Drnholec - Pod sýpkou (Břeclav地区，捷克共和国)晚迁徙时期墓地的一部分，2016年和2017年在那里发现了7个坟墓。通过类型学分析，这些墓葬被鉴定为兰巴第人/伦巴第人。作者认为，即使是墓地的一小部分，坟墓数量有限，也可以带来重要的新数据和开放的战略问题，挑战传统的解释。本文旨在从考古学、人类学和动物考古学的角度介绍挖掘结果。考古部分侧重于将墓葬单元和墓地作为一个语境单元呈现出来。通过对墓葬物品的风格和类型分析、放射性碳测年和概率模型来确定墓园的年代。在进行人类学和古生物病理学检查的同时，还进行了口腔微磨损分析和牙骨质环造(TCA)，提供了有关饮食和死亡年龄估计的信息。动物考古分析主要是由发现的骡子骨架推动的。除了骨骼专家外，还应用了氮和碳稳定同位素分析。作者在资料和文献研究的基础上，对移民时期人口的文化和民族特征进行分类和理解的问题提出了自己的看法。
{"title":"The Late Migration Period Cemetery at Drnholec (Břeclav District, Czech Republic) / Pohřebiště z konce doby stěhování národů z Drnholce (okres Břeclav, ČR)","authors":"František Trampota, Petr Kubín, Linda Melicherová, Lenka Vargová, Ivana Jarošová, K. Vymazalová, Ladislava Horáčková, Miriam Nývltová Fišáková, Katharina Rebay-Salisbury, Barbara Rendl, Fabian Kanz, I. Mařík, Věra Klontza-jaklová","doi":"10.35686/pa2022.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/pa2022.3","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present part of a burial ground of the Late Migration Period in Drnholec - Pod sýpkou (Břeclav district, Czech Republic), where seven graves were discovered in 2016 and 2017. The grave goods were identified, by typological analysis, as Langobardian/Lombardian. The authors argue that even a small part of a cemetery with a limited number of graves can bring important new data and open strategic questions, challenging traditional interpretations. The paper aims to present the results of excavation in the light of archaeological, anthropological and zooarchaeological perspectives. Archaeological part is focused on presenting the grave units and the cemetery as a contextual unit. Stylistic and typological analysis of grave goods, radiocarbon dates and probability modeling were used to establish the chronology of the cemetery. Anthropological and palaeopathological examinations were accompanied with buccal dental microwear analysis and tooth cementum annulation (TCA) which provide information about diet and age-at-death estimation. Zooarchaeological analysis was mainly driven by the find of a mule skeleton. In addition to skeletal expertise, Nitrogen and Carbon stable isotopes analyses were also applied. The authors set out their thoughts, based on material and bibliographical study, on the problem of classifying and understanding the cultural and ethnic identity of the Migration Period populations.","PeriodicalId":44301,"journal":{"name":"Pamatky Archeologicke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48839876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Petr Kočár, Romana Kočárová, Martin Lanta, J. Novák
The aim of the study is to reconstruct the forest vegetation of the Czech Republic in the period between agricultural prehistory (Neolithic, LnK, c. 7600 BP) and the Early Middle Ages on an elevation gradient from 140 to c. 500 m above sea level using anthracological data from archaeological sites – ARV (anthracologically reconstructed vegetation). A large set of data from 601 archaeological sites (990 components) containing 289,489 identified charcoal fragments was analysed. The analysed set of data contains both a selection of previously published results and, especially, a large amount of as yet unpublished data from the authors of the article. A basic comparison of the ARV with the composition of the potential natural vegetation (PNV after Neuhäuslová et al. 1998) was then conducted. The chronological development of the anthracologically reconstructed vegetation is compared with information from pollen analyses (PRV after Abraham et al. 2016) from the Czech Republic. The results of our study clearly show that anthracological data are an important source of information concerning the forest vegetation on land mostly deforested today, at lowland forest sites heavily affected by erosion and forests at medium elevations. The text outlines the basic ecological characteristics of selected anthracologically distinguishable tree taxa and methodological challenges in anthracological analysis.
{"title":"Rekonstrukce lesní vegetace České republiky v zemědělském pravěku a raném středověku na základě archeoantrakologických dat / Reconstruction of Forest Vegetation Between the Neolithic and the Early Middle Ages in the Territory of the Czech Republic Based on Archaeoanthracological Data","authors":"Petr Kočár, Romana Kočárová, Martin Lanta, J. Novák","doi":"10.35686/pa2022.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/pa2022.6","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to reconstruct the forest vegetation of the Czech Republic in the period between agricultural prehistory (Neolithic, LnK, c. 7600 BP) and the Early Middle Ages on an elevation gradient from 140 to c. 500 m above sea level using anthracological data from archaeological sites – ARV (anthracologically reconstructed vegetation). A large set of data from 601 archaeological sites (990 components) containing 289,489 identified charcoal fragments was analysed. The analysed set of data contains both a selection of previously published results and, especially, a large amount of as yet unpublished data from the authors of the article. A basic comparison of the ARV with the composition of the potential natural vegetation (PNV after Neuhäuslová et al. 1998) was then conducted. The chronological development of the anthracologically reconstructed vegetation is compared with information from pollen analyses (PRV after Abraham et al. 2016) from the Czech Republic. The results of our study clearly show that anthracological data are an important source of information concerning the forest vegetation on land mostly deforested today, at lowland forest sites heavily affected by erosion and forests at medium elevations. The text outlines the basic ecological characteristics of selected anthracologically distinguishable tree taxa and methodological challenges in anthracological analysis.","PeriodicalId":44301,"journal":{"name":"Pamatky Archeologicke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46289433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaroslav Řídký, Ladislav Varadzin, Lenka Varadzinová
This study is devoted to stone artefacts made from raw materials that are valued for their hardness, tenacity, and texture. They were often ground, and some tools from this category were themselves used for grinding. In addition to shaping artefacts, they were employed in processing of food, crushing minerals and ores, or as parts of digging sticks. Changes in their functional composition generally signal significant subsistence, economic and social changes. As our research focuses on the Sahel region, which has undergone complex formative processes connected with climate change and radical transformation of living conditions, it is necessary to test diverse approaches to utilizing the information potential of finds from this region. The studied artefacts come from Mesolithic (~9000–5000 cal BC) and Early Neolithic (~5000–3800 cal BC) settlements in the western part of Jebel Sabaloka in central Sudan. We focus on two assemblages from surface collection at the sites of Sphinx (Mesolithic) and Fox Hill (Mesolithic and Early Neolithic). We first provide a critical review of core studies of ground stone artefacts from the region and propose a unified basic terminology. Subsequently, we present a new classification and description system and highlight certain variables which are important to track at the sites. Among other things, our conclusions indicate that although changes occur in the settlement system and domesticated animals appear in the study region in the fifth millennium BC, these changes are reflected neither in the quantity nor in any substantial way in the morphometric characteristics of ground stone artefacts as was the case, for instance, in the Near East.
{"title":"An Introduction to the Study of (Late) Prehistoric Ground Stone Artefacts in the Western Part of Jebel Sabaloka in Central Sudan / Úvod do studia pravěkých broušených kamenných artefaktů ze západní části pohoří Sabaloka ve středním Súdánu","authors":"Jaroslav Řídký, Ladislav Varadzin, Lenka Varadzinová","doi":"10.35686/pa2022.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/pa2022.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study is devoted to stone artefacts made from raw materials that are valued for their hardness, tenacity, and texture. They were often ground, and some tools from this category were themselves used for grinding. In addition to shaping artefacts, they were employed in processing of food, crushing minerals and ores, or as parts of digging sticks. Changes in their functional composition generally signal significant subsistence, economic and social changes. As our research focuses on the Sahel region, which has undergone complex formative processes connected with climate change and radical transformation of living conditions, it is necessary to test diverse approaches to utilizing the information potential of finds from this region. The studied artefacts come from Mesolithic (~9000–5000 cal BC) and Early Neolithic (~5000–3800 cal BC) settlements in the western part of Jebel Sabaloka in central Sudan. We focus on two assemblages from surface collection at the sites of Sphinx (Mesolithic) and Fox Hill (Mesolithic and Early Neolithic). We first provide a critical review of core studies of ground stone artefacts from the region and propose a unified basic terminology. Subsequently, we present a new classification and description system and highlight certain variables which are important to track at the sites. Among other things, our conclusions indicate that although changes occur in the settlement system and domesticated animals appear in the study region in the fifth millennium BC, these changes are reflected neither in the quantity nor in any substantial way in the morphometric characteristics of ground stone artefacts as was the case, for instance, in the Near East.","PeriodicalId":44301,"journal":{"name":"Pamatky Archeologicke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44828384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nikola Koštová, Katarína Kapustka, Eliška Zazvonilová, R. Křivánek, Sylva Drtikolová Kaupová, Hana Vondrová, Aleš Bajer, Romana Kočárová
The text presents the results of the excavation of the early medieval burial ground, where more than 60 burials and one circular feature were identified. The find situation, the anthropological condition of remains and archaeological finds are described, and ecofacts are also analysed. Radiocarbon dating and nitrogen and carbon isotope analysis were conducted on selected specimens. The find assemblage corresponds to the location of the burial ground away from an elite centre, thus making it a good example of a common burial ground from the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries. Interesting elements were identified concerning how the deceased were handled as well as an anthropological description of the local population. The key advance is a comparison of the possibilities of dating the burial ground on the basis of traditional methods (based on a typological comparison of artefacts) and dating using the radiocarbon method, which enabled a significant refinement of the existing notion of the succession and age of activities at the studied site. It is reasonable to assume that the application of this approach at other sites would help clarify the data.
{"title":"Raně středověké pohřebiště v Přezleticích (okr. Praha-východ) / Early Medieval Burial Ground in Přezletice (Prague-East District)","authors":"Nikola Koštová, Katarína Kapustka, Eliška Zazvonilová, R. Křivánek, Sylva Drtikolová Kaupová, Hana Vondrová, Aleš Bajer, Romana Kočárová","doi":"10.35686/pa2022.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/pa2022.4","url":null,"abstract":"The text presents the results of the excavation of the early medieval burial ground, where more than 60 burials and one circular feature were identified. The find situation, the anthropological condition of remains and archaeological finds are described, and ecofacts are also analysed. Radiocarbon dating and nitrogen and carbon isotope analysis were conducted on selected specimens. The find assemblage corresponds to the location of the burial ground away from an elite centre, thus making it a good example of a common burial ground from the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries. Interesting elements were identified concerning how the deceased were handled as well as an anthropological description of the local population. The key advance is a comparison of the possibilities of dating the burial ground on the basis of traditional methods (based on a typological comparison of artefacts) and dating using the radiocarbon method, which enabled a significant refinement of the existing notion of the succession and age of activities at the studied site. It is reasonable to assume that the application of this approach at other sites would help clarify the data.","PeriodicalId":44301,"journal":{"name":"Pamatky Archeologicke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47199618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study addresses the issue of multiple burials in the Early Modern period based on the example of the excavation of the burial ground near Jaroměř–Semonice (east Bohemia, Czech Republic). The rescue excavation of the site was conducted in 2017–2019. A group of 33 grave pits were set in an atypical position outside the regular cemetery, though in the vicinity of the niche chapel. A total of 66 individuals were buried here, with some some of them deposited in multiple graves. Based on an anthropological evaluation of the remains, the demographic structure does not correspond to the general population, as men and young individuals from the juvenis and adultus I age groups, the health condition of which was good, predominate among the deceased. Trauma associated with a violent death was not recorded. According to the indirect evidence of historical sources, we interpret the site as a probable epidemic burial ground where dead members of one of the military camps occurring nearby in the years 1745, 1758 and1778 were buried.
{"title":"Problematika vícečetných pohřbů v novověku. Případová studie pohřebiště z 18. století v Semonicích u Jaroměře / Multiple Burials in the Early Modern Period. The case study of an 18th-century burial ground in Jaroměř–Semonice","authors":"Pavel Drnovský, Erika Průchová","doi":"10.35686/pa2021.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/pa2021.8","url":null,"abstract":"The study addresses the issue of multiple burials in the Early Modern period based on the example of the excavation of the burial ground near Jaroměř–Semonice (east Bohemia, Czech Republic). The rescue excavation of the site was conducted in 2017–2019. A group of 33 grave pits were set in an atypical position outside the regular cemetery, though in the vicinity of the niche chapel. A total of 66 individuals were buried here, with some some of them deposited in multiple graves. Based on an anthropological evaluation of the remains, the demographic structure does not correspond to the general population, as men and young individuals from the juvenis and adultus I age groups, the health condition of which was good, predominate among the deceased. Trauma associated with a violent death was not recorded. According to the indirect evidence of historical sources, we interpret the site as a probable epidemic burial ground where dead members of one of the military camps occurring nearby in the years 1745, 1758 and1778 were buried.","PeriodicalId":44301,"journal":{"name":"Pamatky Archeologicke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49506683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zachraňovací výzkum stanice u Stadic provedl Slavomil Vencl již v roce 1987. Na ploše 164 m2 se podařilo odkrýt půdorys téměř kompletního tábořiště, datovaného do epigravettienu (GrN-15862: 14280 ± 120 BP). Na rozdíl od gravettienu (pavlovienu) jsou retušované nástroje daleko méně formalizované. Neobvyklá je i disproporční převaha rydel nad škrabadly, které prakticky chybí, ovšem relativně málo je i hrotů a čepelek s otupeným bokem. Většina industrie (97 %) je vyrobena ze severských pazourků, přinášených z glacifluviálních sedimentů v Německu (min. 30 km), dále se vyskytují slínovce, zkamenělé dřevo, rohovce aj. Fauna se dochovala jen zčásti a tvořily ji výhradně chladnomilné druhy s převahou mamutů. Nejzajímavějšími strukturami jsou jamky se štípanou industrií nebo s kostmi. V jedné jamce se obě složky vyskytly pohromadě, v jiné – na okraji předpokládaného obydlí – byl spolu s kostmi uložen depot okru. Depoty štípané industrie, uložené na několika zcela nenápadných místech, neobsahují žádná perspektivní ádra, využitelné polotovary nebo náročně vyrobené nástroje, ale naopak hodně vytěžených jádrovitých zbytků, zlomků a odpadu. Těžištěm článku jsou proto úvahy, zda tyto depozice, stejně jako jamky s kostmi, mohly soužit jako využitelné zásoby suroviny, příp. masa, nebo zda šlo spíše o depozice komodit s určitou symbolickou hodnotou.
{"title":"Pozdněglaciální osídlení u Stadic v severozápadních Čechách / Late Epigravettian Site near Stadice in Northwest Bohemia","authors":"M. Oliva, S. Vencl","doi":"10.35686/pa2021.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/pa2021.1","url":null,"abstract":"Zachraňovací výzkum stanice u Stadic provedl Slavomil Vencl již v roce 1987. Na ploše 164 m2 se podařilo odkrýt půdorys téměř kompletního tábořiště, datovaného do epigravettienu (GrN-15862: 14280 ± 120 BP). Na rozdíl od gravettienu (pavlovienu) jsou retušované nástroje daleko méně formalizované. Neobvyklá je i disproporční převaha rydel nad škrabadly, které prakticky chybí, ovšem relativně málo je i hrotů a čepelek s otupeným bokem. Většina industrie (97 %) je vyrobena ze severských pazourků, přinášených z glacifluviálních sedimentů v Německu (min. 30 km), dále se vyskytují slínovce, zkamenělé dřevo, rohovce aj. Fauna se dochovala jen zčásti a tvořily ji výhradně chladnomilné druhy s převahou mamutů. Nejzajímavějšími strukturami jsou jamky se štípanou industrií nebo s kostmi. V jedné jamce se obě složky vyskytly pohromadě, v jiné – na okraji předpokládaného obydlí – byl spolu s kostmi uložen depot okru. Depoty štípané industrie, uložené na několika zcela nenápadných místech, neobsahují žádná perspektivní ádra, využitelné polotovary nebo náročně vyrobené nástroje, ale naopak hodně vytěžených jádrovitých zbytků, zlomků a odpadu. Těžištěm článku jsou proto úvahy, zda tyto depozice, stejně jako jamky s kostmi, mohly soužit jako využitelné zásoby suroviny, příp. masa, nebo zda šlo spíše o depozice komodit s určitou symbolickou hodnotou.","PeriodicalId":44301,"journal":{"name":"Pamatky Archeologicke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49512896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At a certain point in time, there were two central places in central Moravia: an older unfortified central agglomeration near the present-day village of Němčice nad Hanou and a younger oppidum at Staré Hradisko. Each of this centres had its own approach to raw materials, orientation of the socio-economic contacts, and possibly political focus as well. Němčice, being located at one of the main branches of the Amber Road, connected the Middle Danube area from the Mediterranean to the Adriatic; Staré Hradisko eventually expanded these contacts into a systematic trade network, being under the strong influence of the Bohemian region with links to Bavaria. During the LT C2, in addition to the location of the central place, changes took place in terms of material culture and settlement strategies in the region. This was further accentuated in LT D1 by the shift of settlements towards the west, to the vicinity of the oppidum and, at the same time, vacation of the corridor around the Morava River. In an attempt to chronologically assess the settlement pattern, it became evident how important it is to define, as precisely as possible, the dating of individual sites. This was only possible thanks to the detailed and extensive study of the material available (Čižmář 2018). Thanks to precise dating of settlements and classification based on the new chronology, the seemingly illogical group of settlements in central Moravia revealed a distinct settlement network which, in particular during the period contemporary with the oppidum, allows us to see the significant changes in the number of sites and in the orientation of long-distance contacts that were possibly associated with historical events.
在某个时间点上，摩拉维亚中部有两个中心地区：一个是在今天的NŞmčice nad Hanou村附近的一个古老的未受改造的中心聚集区，另一个是StaréHradisko的一个年轻的oppidum。这些中心中的每一个都有自己的原材料方法、社会经济联系的方向，以及可能的政治重点。位于琥珀路（Amber Road）的一个主要分支，连接着从地中海到亚得里亚海的多瑙河中部地区；StaréHradisko最终将这些联系扩展为一个系统的贸易网络，受到与巴伐利亚州有联系的波希米亚地区的强烈影响。在LT C2期间，除了中心地点的位置外，该地区的物质文化和定居策略也发生了变化。在LT D1中，定居点向西迁移到奥皮杜姆附近，同时莫拉瓦河周围走廊的度假，进一步加剧了这一点。为了按时间顺序评估定居点模式，很明显，尽可能准确地确定各个遗址的年代是多么重要。这要归功于对现有材料的详细和广泛研究（Čižmář2018）。由于定居点的精确年代测定和基于新年表的分类，摩拉维亚中部看似不合逻辑的定居点群揭示了一个独特的定居点网络，特别是在与奥皮杜姆同时代，使我们能够看到可能与历史事件有关的地点数量和远距离接触方向的重大变化。
{"title":"Central Sites and the Development of Rural Settlements from the Middle to Late La Tène Period in Central Moravia","authors":"Ivana Čizmar, A. Danielisová","doi":"10.35686/pa2021.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/pa2021.4","url":null,"abstract":"At a certain point in time, there were two central places in central Moravia: an older unfortified central agglomeration near the present-day village of Němčice nad Hanou and a younger oppidum at Staré Hradisko. Each of this centres had its own approach to raw materials, orientation of the socio-economic contacts, and possibly political focus as well. Němčice, being located at one of the main branches of the Amber Road, connected the Middle Danube area from the Mediterranean to the Adriatic; Staré Hradisko eventually expanded these contacts into a systematic trade network, being under the strong influence of the Bohemian region with links to Bavaria. During the LT C2, in addition to the location of the central place, changes took place in terms of material culture and settlement strategies in the region. This was further accentuated in LT D1 by the shift of settlements towards the west, to the vicinity of the oppidum and, at the same time, vacation of the corridor around the Morava River. In an attempt to chronologically assess the settlement pattern, it became evident how important it is to define, as precisely as possible, the dating of individual sites. This was only possible thanks to the detailed and extensive study of the material available (Čižmář 2018). Thanks to precise dating of settlements and classification based on the new chronology, the seemingly illogical group of settlements in central Moravia revealed a distinct settlement network which, in particular during the period contemporary with the oppidum, allows us to see the significant changes in the number of sites and in the orientation of long-distance contacts that were possibly associated with historical events.","PeriodicalId":44301,"journal":{"name":"Pamatky Archeologicke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49630497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peter Knötzele, Das römische Gräberfeld von Stettfeld II. Katalog der Gräber und übrigen Befunde Forschungen und Berichte zur Archäologie in Baden-Württemberg, Band 7 (rec. J. Jílek), 433 Marianne Dumitrache, Die Konstanzer Marktstätte im Mittelalter und in der Neuzeit. Forschungen und Berichte zur Archäologie in Baden-Württemberg, Band 5 (rec. R. Procházka), 434-435 Václav Matoušek – Tomáš Janata – Růžena Zimová – Jan Chlíbec, Krajina českých zemí v době třicetileté války v díle Matthäuse Meriana staršího. The Landscape of the Czech Lands in the Era of Thirty Years‘ War in the Work of Matthäus Merian Senior (rec. L. Rytíř), 435-436.
Peter Knötzele，Stettfeld II的罗马墓地。《巴登-符腾堡州墓葬和其他发现目录——考古研究与报告》，第7卷（参考J.Jílek），433 Marianne Dumitrache，Die Konstanzer Marktstätte im Medieval und der Modernzeit。巴登-符腾堡州考古研究与报告，第5卷（rec.R.Procházka），434-435 Václav Matoušek–TomášJanata–Růžena Zimová–Jan Chlíbec，《三十年战争期间捷克土地的景观》，作者：Matthäus Merian the Elder。《三十年战争时期捷克土地的景观》，老Matthäus Merian著（rec.L.Rytíř），435-436。
{"title":"Recenze / Reviews","authors":"Z. Novák, George Bushe","doi":"10.35686/pa2021.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/pa2021.9","url":null,"abstract":"Peter Knötzele, Das römische Gräberfeld von Stettfeld II. Katalog der Gräber und übrigen Befunde Forschungen und Berichte zur Archäologie in Baden-Württemberg, Band 7 (rec. J. Jílek), 433 Marianne Dumitrache, Die Konstanzer Marktstätte im Mittelalter und in der Neuzeit. Forschungen und Berichte zur Archäologie in Baden-Württemberg, Band 5 (rec. R. Procházka), 434-435 Václav Matoušek – Tomáš Janata – Růžena Zimová – Jan Chlíbec, Krajina českých zemí v době třicetileté války v díle Matthäuse Meriana staršího. The Landscape of the Czech Lands in the Era of Thirty Years‘ War in the Work of Matthäus Merian Senior (rec. L. Rytíř), 435-436.","PeriodicalId":44301,"journal":{"name":"Pamatky Archeologicke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47076537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Deutsch Jahrndorf (Burgenland, Austria) hoard was discovered in 1855. It contained Bratislava Celtic coinage – gold denominations and silver tetradrachms of the Biatec group. Altogether, 163 coins have been studied either by autopsy or from their earlier publications; originally however, they were surely more numerous. Although the treasure was discovered south of the Danube, 15 km away from the Bratislava oppidum acropolis, there is no doubt about its direct association with this site. Its contents provide a unique insight into the production of gold denominations, both anepigraphic and with the legends BIATEC or BIAT. Silver tetradrachms of the Biatec group include the majority of known die combinations. The Deutsch Jahrndorf hoard represents a unique source for better understanding the Bratislava coin production. Based on our present state of knowledge of the late La Tène chronology, the hoard was probably concealed in the third quarter of the 1st century BC; a more precise date cannot be established. New discoveries of Roman style constructions on the Bratislava oppidum acropolis help us better understand the phenomenon of relations between the Roman Republic and local Celtic elites; the detailed study of the hoard in question contributes to this topic from the numismatic point of view.
{"title":"The Hoard of Celtic Coins from Deutsch Jahrndorf (Austria, 1855)","authors":"J. Militký, M. Torbágyi","doi":"10.35686/pa2021.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/pa2021.5","url":null,"abstract":"The Deutsch Jahrndorf (Burgenland, Austria) hoard was discovered in 1855. It contained Bratislava Celtic coinage – gold denominations and silver tetradrachms of the Biatec group. Altogether, 163 coins have been studied either by autopsy or from their earlier publications; originally however, they were surely more numerous. Although the treasure was discovered south of the Danube, 15 km away from the Bratislava oppidum acropolis, there is no doubt about its direct association with this site. Its contents provide a unique insight into the production of gold denominations, both anepigraphic and with the legends BIATEC or BIAT. Silver tetradrachms of the Biatec group include the majority of known die combinations. The Deutsch Jahrndorf hoard represents a unique source for better understanding the Bratislava coin production. Based on our present state of knowledge of the late La Tène chronology, the hoard was probably concealed in the third quarter of the 1st century BC; a more precise date cannot be established. New discoveries of Roman style constructions on the Bratislava oppidum acropolis help us better understand the phenomenon of relations between the Roman Republic and local Celtic elites; the detailed study of the hoard in question contributes to this topic from the numismatic point of view.","PeriodicalId":44301,"journal":{"name":"Pamatky Archeologicke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44679444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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