Marek Půlpán, Katarína Petriščáková, Jana Kuljavceva Hlavová, Agnieszka Půlpánová-Reszczyńska, Peter Pavúk, Olga Trojánková, I. Světlík, Pavel Kundrát
The subject of the article is the “group” Unětice culture cemetery from the Early Bronze Age investigated in 2014 in Lovosice (Litoměřice district, northwest Bohemia). The cemetery’s dating to 2021–1751 BC corresponds to the mature stage of the Unětice culture in other parts of Bohemia (Moucha’s preclassical and classical stages). The cemetery is characterised by stone and apparently even wooden structures, multiple burials and the exclusive presence of miniature vessels. The population was composed primarily of old adults with the corresponding degenerative productive changes; only two non-adults were determined. Epigenetic marks on the skeletons testifying to a certain degree of kinship between the buried individuals were documented at the group cemetery and outside of it. New excavations have provided more detailed information on the spatial structure of burial grounds which, in addition to large cemeteries (of the Liběšovice, Březno near Louny, and Velke Žernoseky type), are composed of cemeteries with 10–20 graves, small groups of graves and solitary graves. These are also frequently accompanied by contemporary settlements located either close to the cemeteries or, as in the case of Lovosice, in the middle of the burial grounds. The spatial distribution of exogenous artefacts (amber beads, gold ornaments, silicite daggers) points to the possibility of the existence of an established network of long-distance routes in northwest Bohemia in the Early Bronze Age. One of the possible nodal points connected to the long-distance exchange system could have been located in the lower Ohře River region. This is documented, among other things, by the concentration of burial grounds with exceptional finds, settlements with evidence of metallurgy and the largest Bohemian hoards of ingots concentrated in the geographically defined microregion of Lovosice.
{"title":"Skupinové pohřebiště únětické kultury z Lovosic (okr. Litoměřice). K funerálním areálům starší doby bronzové v severozápadních Čechách / The Únětice Culture Group Cemetery from Lovosice (Litoměřice District). On Early Bronze Age Burial Grounds in Northwest Bohemia","authors":"Marek Půlpán, Katarína Petriščáková, Jana Kuljavceva Hlavová, Agnieszka Půlpánová-Reszczyńska, Peter Pavúk, Olga Trojánková, I. Světlík, Pavel Kundrát","doi":"10.35686/pa2021.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/pa2021.3","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the article is the “group” Unětice culture cemetery from the Early Bronze Age investigated in 2014 in Lovosice (Litoměřice district, northwest Bohemia). The cemetery’s dating to 2021–1751 BC corresponds to the mature stage of the Unětice culture in other parts of Bohemia (Moucha’s preclassical and classical stages). The cemetery is characterised by stone and apparently even wooden structures, multiple burials and the exclusive presence of miniature vessels. The population was composed primarily of old adults with the corresponding degenerative productive changes; only two non-adults were determined. Epigenetic marks on the skeletons testifying to a certain degree of kinship between the buried individuals were documented at the group cemetery and outside of it. New excavations have provided more detailed information on the spatial structure of burial grounds which, in addition to large cemeteries (of the Liběšovice, Březno near Louny, and Velke Žernoseky type), are composed of cemeteries with 10–20 graves, small groups of graves and solitary graves. These are also frequently accompanied by contemporary settlements located either close to the cemeteries or, as in the case of Lovosice, in the middle of the burial grounds. The spatial distribution of exogenous artefacts (amber beads, gold ornaments, silicite daggers) points to the possibility of the existence of an established network of long-distance routes in northwest Bohemia in the Early Bronze Age. One of the possible nodal points connected to the long-distance exchange system could have been located in the lower Ohře River region. This is documented, among other things, by the concentration of burial grounds with exceptional finds, settlements with evidence of metallurgy and the largest Bohemian hoards of ingots concentrated in the geographically defined microregion of Lovosice.","PeriodicalId":44301,"journal":{"name":"Pamatky Archeologicke","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47167582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marianna Novotná, Tomáš Zachar, Ján Dzúrik, Martin Kvietok
Hoard of Copper Artefacts from Mníchova Lehota (Distr. Trenčín). Contribution to the Issue and Distribution of the Antimony Copper of Nógrádmarcal Type in the Early Copper Age. Submitted paper deals with the archaeological evaluation and elemental analysis of a collection of copper industry from the cadastre of municipality Mníchova Lehota (distr. Trenčín) in the north-west Slovakia. The hoard consists of two flat copper axes and a copper chisel. The basic typological-chronological analysis of the flat copper axes showed their connection with the Southeast European types and varieties of the series Pločnik, Coteana, Gumelniţa, as well as Central European types Stollhof, Strážnice, Kalinowice Dolne and axes of the group III of J. Říhovský. Statistical evaluation of basic morphometric parameters of the artefacts by means of principal component analysis (PCA) suggests that the objects from the hoard from Mníchova Lehota belong to the Central European shapes. Separate issue is the elemental analysis of the copper artefacts by means of inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). On the basis of the statistical evaluation of the elemental analyses the authors set the origin of the copper material mainly in the antimonic copper. They pay attention to its distribution in the area of Central Europe and possible location of the copper material deposit.
{"title":"Depot medených predmetov z Mníchovej Lehoty (okr. Trenčín). Príspevok k poznaniu antimónovej medi typu Nógrádmarcal v období staršieho eneolitu / Depotfund von Kupfergegenständen aus Mníchova Lehota (Bez. Trenčín). Beitrag zur Erkennung des Antimonkupfers vom Typ Nógrádmarcal in dem älteren Aeneolit","authors":"Marianna Novotná, Tomáš Zachar, Ján Dzúrik, Martin Kvietok","doi":"10.35686/pa2021.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/pa2021.2","url":null,"abstract":"Hoard of Copper Artefacts from Mníchova Lehota (Distr. Trenčín). Contribution to the Issue and Distribution of the Antimony Copper of Nógrádmarcal Type in the Early Copper Age. Submitted paper deals with the archaeological evaluation and elemental analysis of a collection of copper industry from the cadastre of municipality Mníchova Lehota (distr. Trenčín) in the north-west Slovakia. The hoard consists of two flat copper axes and a copper chisel. The basic typological-chronological analysis of the flat copper axes showed their connection with the Southeast European types and varieties of the series Pločnik, Coteana, Gumelniţa, as well as Central European types Stollhof, Strážnice, Kalinowice Dolne and axes of the group III of J. Říhovský. Statistical evaluation of basic morphometric parameters of the artefacts by means of principal component analysis (PCA) suggests that the objects from the hoard from Mníchova Lehota belong to the Central European shapes. Separate issue is the elemental analysis of the copper artefacts by means of inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). On the basis of the statistical evaluation of the elemental analyses the authors set the origin of the copper material mainly in the antimonic copper. They pay attention to its distribution in the area of Central Europe and possible location of the copper material deposit.","PeriodicalId":44301,"journal":{"name":"Pamatky Archeologicke","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48509129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Hrubý, Matěj Kmošek, Romana Kočárová, Martin Kostal, K. Malý, P. Milo, Jakub Těsnohlídek, Jiří Unger
The study presents the results of a wide range of research approaches and surveys of the defunct mining centre at Buchberg in the region of Havlíčkův Brod, which was involved in silver production in the 13th and 14th centuries. Burchberg is exceptional in its size and well-advanced community infrastructure. Its significance is also reflected in written sources. Surveys and trial diggings focused on the residential area, and especially on the adjoining metallurgical facilities providing unique spatial information, as well as a wealth of valuable data obtained by analysing archaeometallurgical materials, representing the links in the operational chain, staring with the raw ore extraction and ending with the final production of the desired metals. The current deforestation of mining field relics enabled their three-dimensional survey, and, thus, providing a hitherto unknown view of the spatial structure of historical mining activities.
{"title":"Medieval Mining Centre of Buchberg in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands. Metal Production in the Kingdom of Bohemia (13th–14th Centuries)","authors":"P. Hrubý, Matěj Kmošek, Romana Kočárová, Martin Kostal, K. Malý, P. Milo, Jakub Těsnohlídek, Jiří Unger","doi":"10.35686/pa2021.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/pa2021.7","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents the results of a wide range of research approaches and surveys of the defunct mining centre at Buchberg in the region of Havlíčkův Brod, which was involved in silver production in the 13th and 14th centuries. Burchberg is exceptional in its size and well-advanced community infrastructure. Its significance is also reflected in written sources. Surveys and trial diggings focused on the residential area, and especially on the adjoining metallurgical facilities providing unique spatial information, as well as a wealth of valuable data obtained by analysing archaeometallurgical materials, representing the links in the operational chain, staring with the raw ore extraction and ending with the final production of the desired metals. The current deforestation of mining field relics enabled their three-dimensional survey, and, thus, providing a hitherto unknown view of the spatial structure of historical mining activities.","PeriodicalId":44301,"journal":{"name":"Pamatky Archeologicke","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41383753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How Small Was the Maroboduus Empire? Sources on the Extent of the Territory Ruled by Maroboduus and Their Interpretation. The article discusses the scope of the “Maroboduus Empire”, which is traditionally described as a vast power structure in central Europe at the beginning of the first millennium. However, the demarcation of its size and borders is based on just a few ambiguous mentions in antique written sources. The article points out that existing ideas on the Maroboduus domain are inconsistent with archaeological knowledge. The author critically evaluates written and archaeological sources and existing attempts to demarcate the empire, reaching the conclusion that its territory can most probably be connected with the lowlands in the northern part of the Bohemia. This area represented the permanent core of the Maroboduus Empire, to which additional Germanic tribes from outside the Bohemian Basin could have joined, although these were likely temporary and impermanent alliances. The Maroboduus Empire apparently never represented a stable (pre)state entity with permanent and respected borders.
{"title":"Jak malá byla Marobuda říše? Prameny k rozsahu Marobudem ovládaného území a jejich interpretace / Wie klein war das Marbod-Reich? Die Quellen zur Ausdehnung des von Marbod beherrschten Gebiets und ihre Interpretation","authors":"V. Salač","doi":"10.35686/pa2021.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/pa2021.6","url":null,"abstract":"How Small Was the Maroboduus Empire? Sources on the Extent of the Territory Ruled by Maroboduus and Their Interpretation. The article discusses the scope of the “Maroboduus Empire”, which is traditionally described as a vast power structure in central Europe at the beginning of the first millennium. However, the demarcation of its size and borders is based on just a few ambiguous mentions in antique written sources. The article points out that existing ideas on the Maroboduus domain are inconsistent with archaeological knowledge. The author critically evaluates written and archaeological sources and existing attempts to demarcate the empire, reaching the conclusion that its territory can most probably be connected with the lowlands in the northern part of the Bohemia. This area represented the permanent core of the Maroboduus Empire, to which additional Germanic tribes from outside the Bohemian Basin could have joined, although these were likely temporary and impermanent alliances. The Maroboduus Empire apparently never represented a stable (pre)state entity with permanent and respected borders.","PeriodicalId":44301,"journal":{"name":"Pamatky Archeologicke","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44683619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Kapustka, Jan Eigner, Marek Parkman, Milan Řezáč, A. Přichystal, P. Pokorný, L. Lisá, Michaela Ptáková, I. Světlík, Romana Kočárová, Milan Metlička, N. Koštová
The main objective of the article is to present knowledge of newly discovered sites in the mountainous environment of Šumava (Bohemian Forest). The fieldwork in 2011–2019 identified a total of 30 new sites that can be dated to the Late Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods. The research of prehistoric settlement of the mountainous regions of Bohemia remained a neglected topic for many years. The presence of hunters-gatherers in the mountains in the Mesolithic was documented by isolated finds from the Ore Mountains and a far greater number from Šumava in south Bohemia. This study presents the result of research conducted in three identified locations: in the floodplains of the Roklanský Stream, the Upper Vltava (Moldau) and the Křemelná Stream. The article documents that the network of sites in this space is relatively dense. Although remnants of intact situations are documented in rare cases, the dating of the majority of sites is based solely on lithic assemblages of varying size. Due to the fragmented condition of the obtained material, we discuss the extent to which it is possible to set the survey results in the broader context of central European Mesolithic settlement and present additional thoughts on the density, character and structure of the settlement of central European mountain ranges. Late Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, lithics, mountain settlement, subsistence strategy, Šumava (Bohemian Forest)
{"title":"Pozdně paleolitické a mezolitické osídlení Šumavy:\u0000možnosti výzkumu, datování a interpretace\u0000Late Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Settlement of Šumava:\u0000The Possibilities of Research, Dating and Interpretation","authors":"K. Kapustka, Jan Eigner, Marek Parkman, Milan Řezáč, A. Přichystal, P. Pokorný, L. Lisá, Michaela Ptáková, I. Světlík, Romana Kočárová, Milan Metlička, N. Koštová","doi":"10.35686/pa2020.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/pa2020.1","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of the article is to present knowledge of newly discovered sites in the mountainous environment of Šumava (Bohemian\u0000Forest). The fieldwork in 2011–2019 identified a total of 30 new sites that can be dated to the Late Palaeolithic and Mesolithic\u0000periods. The research of prehistoric settlement of the mountainous regions of Bohemia remained a neglected topic for many years.\u0000The presence of hunters-gatherers in the mountains in the Mesolithic was documented by isolated finds from the Ore Mountains and\u0000a far greater number from Šumava in south Bohemia. This study presents the result of research conducted in three identified locations:\u0000in the floodplains of the Roklanský Stream, the Upper Vltava (Moldau) and the Křemelná Stream. The article documents that the network\u0000of sites in this space is relatively dense. Although remnants of intact situations are documented in rare cases, the dating of the\u0000majority of sites is based solely on lithic assemblages of varying size. Due to the fragmented condition of the obtained material, we\u0000discuss the extent to which it is possible to set the survey results in the broader context of central European Mesolithic settlement\u0000and present additional thoughts on the density, character and structure of the settlement of central European mountain ranges.\u0000Late Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, lithics, mountain settlement, subsistence strategy, Šumava (Bohemian Forest)","PeriodicalId":44301,"journal":{"name":"Pamatky Archeologicke","volume":"1 1","pages":"5-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86435424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naďa Profantová, R. Krivánek, M. Fikrle, J. Zavřel
The central Bohemian hillfort-type site in Tismice is one of the largest (20–22 ha) in Bohemia from the Early to Middle Hillfort period (8th–9th century) and has been studied for years using non-destructive methods. The study, which presents the results of the complete geophysical survey of the site as well as the results of small-scale trenching from 2013, is focussed on an analysis of non-ferrous metal ornaments (c. 170 pcs., mostly belt and horse harness decorations) and analyses of evidence of craft production – jewellerymaking, metalsmithing and metal casting (ingots, blanks). It presents the earliest evidence of work with gold in early medieval Bohemia (2018 excavation) as well as natural science radiocarbon and magnetic absolute dates, which supplement dating on the basis of Carolingian coin and imports. The internally divided hillfort was an elite residence (gilded ornaments, spurs, coin) and for a short time served as a supra-regional centre that not only received and redistributed but also produced items of statutory importance (belt and horse harness ornaments, pendants, spurs). Radiocarbon dating places the multiphase early medieval settlement and fortifications in the period from the final third of the 8th century until the end of the 9th century. A detailed evaluation of the stratigraphy will be another step towards a comprehensive interpretation of this site. Key Words: Early Middle Ages, hillfort, Avar period metal ornaments, spurs, long-distance contacts, goldsmithing, metalsmithing tools, Carolingian coin, central Bohemia
{"title":"Tismice jako produkční a nadregionální centrum Čech\u00008. a 9. století\u0000Tismice as a Production and Supra-Regional Centre of Bohemia\u0000in the 8th and 9th Centuries","authors":"Naďa Profantová, R. Krivánek, M. Fikrle, J. Zavřel","doi":"10.35686/pa2020.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/pa2020.5","url":null,"abstract":"The central Bohemian hillfort-type site in Tismice is one of the largest (20–22 ha) in Bohemia from the Early to Middle Hillfort period\u0000(8th–9th century) and has been studied for years using non-destructive methods. The study, which presents the results of the complete\u0000geophysical survey of the site as well as the results of small-scale trenching from 2013, is focussed on an analysis of non-ferrous\u0000metal ornaments (c. 170 pcs., mostly belt and horse harness decorations) and analyses of evidence of craft production – jewellerymaking,\u0000metalsmithing and metal casting (ingots, blanks). It presents the earliest evidence of work with gold in early medieval\u0000Bohemia (2018 excavation) as well as natural science radiocarbon and magnetic absolute dates, which supplement dating on the\u0000basis of Carolingian coin and imports. The internally divided hillfort was an elite residence (gilded ornaments, spurs, coin) and for\u0000a short time served as a supra-regional centre that not only received and redistributed but also produced items of statutory importance\u0000(belt and horse harness ornaments, pendants, spurs). Radiocarbon dating places the multiphase early medieval settlement and\u0000fortifications in the period from the final third of the 8th century until the end of the 9th century. A detailed evaluation of the stratigraphy\u0000will be another step towards a comprehensive interpretation of this site.\u0000\u0000Key Words:\u0000\u0000Early Middle Ages, hillfort, Avar period metal ornaments, spurs, long-distance contacts, goldsmithing, metalsmithing tools,\u0000Carolingian coin, central Bohemia","PeriodicalId":44301,"journal":{"name":"Pamatky Archeologicke","volume":"101 1","pages":"193-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90667236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Vích, Jan Jílek, Jiří Kmošek, Marcin Biborski, Mateusz Biborski, Jan Martínek
An archaeological situation documented in 2016 in the cadastral territory of Boršov (Svitavy district, Pardubice Region, Czech Republic) contained more than 70 metal artefacts scattered mostly over an area of 5 x 2 m. The finds were made with the use of metal detectors in an otherwise unsettled space in close proximity to defunct roads crossing a sharp local terrain fault. The finds were concentrated on hilly terrain between two slight watercourses. The collection is composed mainly of fragments of intentionally broken artefacts made from a copper alloy, castings of the mouth of casting channels, ingots, as well as craft tools, coins, a fragment of a bronze mould, fibula parts, etc. The assemblage dates to the end of the Marcomannic Wars or the period immediately following them and documents a close relationship with the processing of non-ferrous metals. The assemblage also contains antiques, especially in the form of a La Tène belt hook. Roman Iron Age, Marcomannic Wars, copper metallurgy, imports, roads, ritual activities, Moravia
2016年，在Boršov地籍区（捷克共和国Pardubice地区Svitavy区）记录的考古情况中，发现了70多件金属文物，大部分散落在5 x 2米的区域。这些发现是在一个原本不稳定的空间中使用金属探测器完成的，该空间靠近穿过当地陡峭地形断层的废弃道路。这些发现集中在两条小水道之间的丘陵地带。藏品主要由铜合金故意破碎的工艺品碎片、铸造通道口铸件、铸锭以及工艺工具、硬币、青铜器碎片、腓骨部件等组成。这种组合可以追溯到马科曼战争结束或紧接着战争的时期，并记录了与有色金属加工的密切关系。该组合还包含古董，尤其是La Tène皮带钩的形式。罗马铁器时代，马可曼战争，铜冶金，进口，道路，仪式活动，摩拉维亚
{"title":"Soubor kovových předmětů z doby římské\u0000z Boršova na Moravskotřebovsku\u0000An Assemblage of Metal Roman Iron Age Artefacts\u0000from Boršov in the Moravská Třebová Region","authors":"David Vích, Jan Jílek, Jiří Kmošek, Marcin Biborski, Mateusz Biborski, Jan Martínek","doi":"10.35686/pa2020.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/pa2020.4","url":null,"abstract":"An archaeological situation documented in 2016 in the cadastral territory of Boršov (Svitavy district, Pardubice Region, Czech Republic)\u0000contained more than 70 metal artefacts scattered mostly over an area of 5 x 2 m. The finds were made with the use of metal detectors\u0000in an otherwise unsettled space in close proximity to defunct roads crossing a sharp local terrain fault. The finds were concentrated\u0000on hilly terrain between two slight watercourses. The collection is composed mainly of fragments of intentionally broken artefacts\u0000made from a copper alloy, castings of the mouth of casting channels, ingots, as well as craft tools, coins, a fragment of a bronze\u0000mould, fibula parts, etc. The assemblage dates to the end of the Marcomannic Wars or the period immediately following them and\u0000documents a close relationship with the processing of non-ferrous metals. The assemblage also contains antiques, especially in the\u0000form of a La Tène belt hook.\u0000Roman Iron Age, Marcomannic Wars, copper metallurgy, imports, roads, ritual activities, Moravia","PeriodicalId":44301,"journal":{"name":"Pamatky Archeologicke","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46966417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Vostrovská, J. Petřík, L. Petr, Petr Kočár, Romana Kočárová, Z. Hradílek, J. Kašák, Z. Sůvová, K. Adameková, Z. Vaněček, Jaroslav Peška, Bernhard Muigg, M. Rybníček, T. Kolář, Willy Tegel, M. Kalábek, P. Kalábková
Some of the most extraordinary finds from the Early Neolithic period are wooden wells. These constructions permit unusual insights into Neolithic settlements, their subsistence and environment, as well as into the surrounding landscape. A recent excavation of a Neo lithic settlement at Uničov in central Moravia, Czech Republic, yielded the discovery of a wooden well with a sediment infill from the beginning of the Neolithic period and allowed to study an array of topics by a multi-proxy approach using a set of complementary methods. Our study of the wooden lining demonstrates the carpeting skills of the first farmers, required also for building so-called ‘longhouses’. By comparing dendrochronological and radiocarbon dating, we estimated the time span of the well’s existence. The construction was used repeatedly over a longer time and was finally filled in intentionally. Studies of the well’s infill shed light on its usage and decline, providing a great proxy for the study of living dynamics and handling of waste in a Neolithic village. The environmental record extracted from botanical residues indicates that the immediate surroundings of the settlement were covered by an open-canopy woodland with a dominance of oak and hazel, and a large proportion of open habitats, whereas the surrounding landscape was not noticeably affected by humans. Key Words: Wooden well, past environment, subsistence strategy, Linearbandkeramik, Uničov, eastern Central Europe
{"title":"Wooden Well at the First Farmers’ Settlement Area in Uničov,\u0000Czech Republic","authors":"I. Vostrovská, J. Petřík, L. Petr, Petr Kočár, Romana Kočárová, Z. Hradílek, J. Kašák, Z. Sůvová, K. Adameková, Z. Vaněček, Jaroslav Peška, Bernhard Muigg, M. Rybníček, T. Kolář, Willy Tegel, M. Kalábek, P. Kalábková","doi":"10.35686/pa2020.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/pa2020.2","url":null,"abstract":"Some of the most extraordinary finds from the Early Neolithic period are wooden wells. These constructions permit unusual insights\u0000into Neolithic settlements, their subsistence and environment, as well as into the surrounding landscape. A recent excavation of\u0000a Neo lithic settlement at Uničov in central Moravia, Czech Republic, yielded the discovery of a wooden well with a sediment infill\u0000from the beginning of the Neolithic period and allowed to study an array of topics by a multi-proxy approach using a set of complementary\u0000methods. Our study of the wooden lining demonstrates the carpeting skills of the first farmers, required also for building\u0000so-called ‘longhouses’. By comparing dendrochronological and radiocarbon dating, we estimated the time span of the well’s existence.\u0000The construction was used repeatedly over a longer time and was finally filled in intentionally. Studies of the well’s infill shed light\u0000on its usage and decline, providing a great proxy for the study of living dynamics and handling of waste in a Neolithic village. The\u0000environmental record extracted from botanical residues indicates that the immediate surroundings of the settlement were covered by\u0000an open-canopy woodland with a dominance of oak and hazel, and a large proportion of open habitats, whereas the surrounding\u0000landscape was not noticeably affected by humans.\u0000\u0000Key Words:\u0000\u0000Wooden well, past environment, subsistence strategy, Linearbandkeramik, Uničov, eastern Central Europe","PeriodicalId":44301,"journal":{"name":"Pamatky Archeologicke","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41376118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of current knowledge concerning the late La Tène chronology in Bohemia and Moravia during the LT C2–D2 phases (150–0 BC) with an emphasis on developments in the latter stages of the La Tène occupation of the Middle Danube zone (LT D1b – LT D2). During the first century BC, specifically from the 70s and 60s BC onwards, a succession of events caused a rapid chain of reactions that resulted in the abandonment of the oppida and the replacement of the La Tène population in Bohemia by incomers of Germanic origin on the one hand, and a final rapid rise of the La Tène elites in the Middle Danube zone on the other. These processes are accompanied by a distinctive material culture of both local and external origin (Mediterranean and Germanic) and these objects tell us much about the society and its socio-economic strategies, distribution patterns and long-distance communication. The article does not aim to provide an historical account of the events that took place around the second half of the first century BC, such as Ceasar’s military campaigns against the Helvetians and in Gaul, the supposed participation of the Boii in these events, and the demise of the Celtic occupation of the Bratislava oppidum as a result of the (supposed) devastating incursion by the Dacians under the leadership of Burebista. The objective is to summarise what is known about the chronology of this turbulent period of the first century BC and to offer an archaeological overview of the developments of material culture in the Middle Danube zone. Late La Tène, chronology, material analysis, metals, glass, oppida, Central Europe
{"title":"Bohemia at the End of the La Tène Period:\u0000Objects, Materials, Chronology, and Main Development Trends – A Review","authors":"A. Danielisová","doi":"10.35686/pa2020.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35686/pa2020.3","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of current knowledge concerning the late La Tène chronology in Bohemia and Moravia during the LT C2–D2 phases (150–0 BC) with an emphasis on developments in the latter stages of the La Tène occupation of the Middle Danube zone (LT D1b – LT D2). During the first century BC, specifically from the 70s and 60s BC onwards, a succession of events caused a rapid chain of reactions that resulted in the abandonment of the oppida and the replacement of the La Tène population in Bohemia by incomers of Germanic origin on the one hand, and a final rapid rise of the La Tène elites in the Middle Danube zone on the other. These processes are accompanied by a distinctive material culture of both local and external origin (Mediterranean and Germanic) and these objects tell us much about the society and its socio-economic strategies, distribution patterns and long-distance communication. The article does not aim to provide an historical account of the events that took place around the second half of the first century BC, such as Ceasar’s military campaigns against the Helvetians and in Gaul, the supposed participation of the Boii in these events, and the demise of the Celtic occupation of the Bratislava oppidum as a result of the (supposed) devastating incursion by the Dacians under the leadership of Burebista. The objective is to summarise what is known about the chronology of this turbulent period of the first century BC and to offer an archaeological overview of the developments of material culture in the Middle Danube zone. Late La Tène, chronology, material analysis, metals, glass, oppida, Central Europe","PeriodicalId":44301,"journal":{"name":"Pamatky Archeologicke","volume":"48 1","pages":"113-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86013371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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