Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_23_22
Jyoti Singh, J. Prakash, S. Mishra, S. Jha, R. Singh
Context: To establish a reliable factor for predicting the anticipated difficulty and adequacy of niche drilling without damaging the intracochlear structures during cochlear implant (CI) surgery. Aims: This study aimed to access the correlation of the distance from round window-to-vertical facial canal and round window to pyramid with the visibility of round window intraoperatively. Settings and Design: A prospective observational study of CI surgeries was conducted in the E.N.T. Department of Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, from December 2019 to December 2021. The study included 30 children aged <5 years who presented to the E.N.T. OPD with prelingual deafness and were diagnosed with bilateral severe-to-profound hearing loss. Subjects and Methods: The preoperative high-resolution computed tomography images in the axial cut bone window setting at round window level were used to calculate the distance of round window-to-vertical facial canal and round window to pyramid on the RadiAnt DICOM Viewer. The intraoperative visibility was assessed through the recordings of the operation. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed using the MS Office 2019 Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA) and the program IBM SPSS 28.0.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). One-way analysis of variance was used. Results: A significant difference existed between round window and vertical facial canal distance measured preoperatively with the three categories of visibility of round window intraoperatively (P = 0.033), but a weak significant difference was found with the distance of round window to the pyramid with the visibility of round window (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Preoperative computed tomography measurement of the round window and vertical facial canal is a reliable predictor of a round window configuration that may aid in predicting the round window visibility.
{"title":"Preoperative and intraoperative evaluation of round window configuration during cochlear implant in children","authors":"Jyoti Singh, J. Prakash, S. Mishra, S. Jha, R. Singh","doi":"10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_23_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_23_22","url":null,"abstract":"Context: To establish a reliable factor for predicting the anticipated difficulty and adequacy of niche drilling without damaging the intracochlear structures during cochlear implant (CI) surgery. Aims: This study aimed to access the correlation of the distance from round window-to-vertical facial canal and round window to pyramid with the visibility of round window intraoperatively. Settings and Design: A prospective observational study of CI surgeries was conducted in the E.N.T. Department of Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, from December 2019 to December 2021. The study included 30 children aged <5 years who presented to the E.N.T. OPD with prelingual deafness and were diagnosed with bilateral severe-to-profound hearing loss. Subjects and Methods: The preoperative high-resolution computed tomography images in the axial cut bone window setting at round window level were used to calculate the distance of round window-to-vertical facial canal and round window to pyramid on the RadiAnt DICOM Viewer. The intraoperative visibility was assessed through the recordings of the operation. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed using the MS Office 2019 Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Corp., Redmond, WA, USA) and the program IBM SPSS 28.0.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). One-way analysis of variance was used. Results: A significant difference existed between round window and vertical facial canal distance measured preoperatively with the three categories of visibility of round window intraoperatively (P = 0.033), but a weak significant difference was found with the distance of round window to the pyramid with the visibility of round window (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Preoperative computed tomography measurement of the round window and vertical facial canal is a reliable predictor of a round window configuration that may aid in predicting the round window visibility.","PeriodicalId":44304,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Otology","volume":"28 1","pages":"135 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47323073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_119_21
A. Kailani, Nik Adilah Nik Othman, Mohd Khairi Md Daud
External auditory canal (EAC) osteoma is a slow-growing benign tumor. It appears as a single, pedunculated hyperdense lesion. Most osteomas are asymptomatic and treated conservatively while surgery is reserved for symptomatic osteomas. Surgical excision of EAC osteoma is approached either endoscopically or microscopically by postauricular, endaural, or transcanal approaches depending on the site and size of osteomas. We report a case of external auditory osteoma presented with an atypical finding of multilobulated mass with peripheral calcification on computed tomography scan.
{"title":"External ear canal osteoma presented as multilobulated mass with peripheral calcifications","authors":"A. Kailani, Nik Adilah Nik Othman, Mohd Khairi Md Daud","doi":"10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_119_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_119_21","url":null,"abstract":"External auditory canal (EAC) osteoma is a slow-growing benign tumor. It appears as a single, pedunculated hyperdense lesion. Most osteomas are asymptomatic and treated conservatively while surgery is reserved for symptomatic osteomas. Surgical excision of EAC osteoma is approached either endoscopically or microscopically by postauricular, endaural, or transcanal approaches depending on the site and size of osteomas. We report a case of external auditory osteoma presented with an atypical finding of multilobulated mass with peripheral calcification on computed tomography scan.","PeriodicalId":44304,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Otology","volume":"28 1","pages":"160 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45288114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_208_20
Rajendra K. Teharia, V. Rathore
Introduction: Otomycosis (OM) is an external ear infection of fungi and sometimes associated with tympanic membrane perforation (TMP). In this study, we analyzed and discussed the rate of TMP in otomycotic patients with no other associated pathology. Materials and Methods: In this prospective observational study, a total of 120 cases of OM were seen from August 2017 to April 2018 and microscopy with local cleaning was done. Fungal material was collected from all patients individually and sent for Gram staining and histopathological confirmation of fungus species and looked for TMP. Topical clotrimazole (1%) drops were given as empirical treatment with weekly microscopy and follow up to 12 weeks. Results: Eleven cases (9%) had tympanic perforation at the time of the first examination. In all cases with the TMPs, the causative organism was the Aspergillus species. Persistent TMP was present in 6 cases (5%). A total of three persistent TMPs required surgical intervention after 12 weeks. Conclusion: In OM, TMP is not infrequent and it requires careful examination especially under a microscope to identify it.
{"title":"Evaluation of the rate of tympanic membrane perforation in otomycosis","authors":"Rajendra K. Teharia, V. Rathore","doi":"10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_208_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_208_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Otomycosis (OM) is an external ear infection of fungi and sometimes associated with tympanic membrane perforation (TMP). In this study, we analyzed and discussed the rate of TMP in otomycotic patients with no other associated pathology. Materials and Methods: In this prospective observational study, a total of 120 cases of OM were seen from August 2017 to April 2018 and microscopy with local cleaning was done. Fungal material was collected from all patients individually and sent for Gram staining and histopathological confirmation of fungus species and looked for TMP. Topical clotrimazole (1%) drops were given as empirical treatment with weekly microscopy and follow up to 12 weeks. Results: Eleven cases (9%) had tympanic perforation at the time of the first examination. In all cases with the TMPs, the causative organism was the Aspergillus species. Persistent TMP was present in 6 cases (5%). A total of three persistent TMPs required surgical intervention after 12 weeks. Conclusion: In OM, TMP is not infrequent and it requires careful examination especially under a microscope to identify it.","PeriodicalId":44304,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Otology","volume":"28 1","pages":"107 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43358873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_4_22
A. Cırık, M. Evcimik, G. Ülfer, Turkan Yigitbasi, Öztürk Aktaş
Background: Although several causes have been regarded as possible including viral, autoimmune, inflammatory, and vascular ischemia, the accurate etiology and pathophysiology of Bell's palsy (BP) remain unclear. The aim of the present article was to determine whether serum levels of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) are associated with BP and if there is a posttreatment change in IMA levels. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study enrolling 23 patients (10 males and 13 females; mean age: 44.71 ± 16.72 years; and range, 20–57 years) and 23 healthy individuals (12 males and 11 females; mean age: 37.91 ± 9.16 years; and range, 9–73 years) as the control group. Blood samples were obtained from the antecubital vein from all of the volunteers. Albumin cobalt binding test was used to obtain the IMA levels. Results: The mean IMA level was 0.38 ± 0.06 absorbance units in the study group at the time of diagnosis, 0.35 ± 0.07 absorbance units at the posttreatment period, and 0.35 ± 0.06 absorbance units in the control group. IMA levels of patients in posttreatment period were lower than the onset of illness. The result was statistically significant (P = 0.01). Conclusion: The data demonstrate that IMA decreased in BP with treatment. This is a preliminary study and we could not obtain results that clearly support the ischemic hypothesis of pathogenesis of BP; we think it gives an idea for further studies.
{"title":"Ischemia-Modified Albumin Levels in Patients with Bell's palsy","authors":"A. Cırık, M. Evcimik, G. Ülfer, Turkan Yigitbasi, Öztürk Aktaş","doi":"10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_4_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_4_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although several causes have been regarded as possible including viral, autoimmune, inflammatory, and vascular ischemia, the accurate etiology and pathophysiology of Bell's palsy (BP) remain unclear. The aim of the present article was to determine whether serum levels of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) are associated with BP and if there is a posttreatment change in IMA levels. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study enrolling 23 patients (10 males and 13 females; mean age: 44.71 ± 16.72 years; and range, 20–57 years) and 23 healthy individuals (12 males and 11 females; mean age: 37.91 ± 9.16 years; and range, 9–73 years) as the control group. Blood samples were obtained from the antecubital vein from all of the volunteers. Albumin cobalt binding test was used to obtain the IMA levels. Results: The mean IMA level was 0.38 ± 0.06 absorbance units in the study group at the time of diagnosis, 0.35 ± 0.07 absorbance units at the posttreatment period, and 0.35 ± 0.06 absorbance units in the control group. IMA levels of patients in posttreatment period were lower than the onset of illness. The result was statistically significant (P = 0.01). Conclusion: The data demonstrate that IMA decreased in BP with treatment. This is a preliminary study and we could not obtain results that clearly support the ischemic hypothesis of pathogenesis of BP; we think it gives an idea for further studies.","PeriodicalId":44304,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Otology","volume":"28 1","pages":"139 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43486246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_38_21
S. Varghese, M. Goutham, M. Saldanha, Rajeshwary Aroor, R. Uppoor, V. Bhat
Background: Eustachian tube (ET) is a dynamically intricate and poorly accessible structure connecting the nose and the middle ear. Although chronic otitis media (COM) is multifactorial disease, ET dysfunction is an important but overlooked predisposing factor. With newer evidence into the dynamics and prognostic factor in outcome of middle ear surgeries, it has become a focus of research. Our study aims to evaluate the various ET parameters using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan with multiplanar reconstruction technique. These parameters were compared between the diseased and normal ears to evaluate any association between the ET parameters and middle ear disease. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective study of 66 HRCTs, with 47 HRCTs of COM and rest were controls. ET parameters including (a) ET-angle, (b) length, (c) pretympanic diameter, and (d) diameter at isthmus are measured accurately using HRCT temporal bone. Results: ET angle was significantly obtuse in COM group (154.81° ± 6.33°) when compared with the controls (149.99° ± 6.24°) with P < 0.001. Similar observation in ET angle was noted in diseased ear (154.54° ± 5.79°) in unilateral COM when compared with contralateral ear (149.56° ± 6.87°) (P = 0.001). ET was longer in COM group (3.44 ± 0.31) when compared with controls (3.4 ± 0.35). Pretympanic diameter and diameter at isthmus were greater in control group. Conclusion: The obtuse ET angle and narrow pretympanic diameter may contribute to the pathogenesis of COM. These measurements may be useful in the assessment of ET function preoperatively and might help in determining the surgical outcome. HRCT of temporal bone with multiplanar reconstruction is an effective tool to measure ET dimensions accurately.
{"title":"Correlation of eustachian tube dimension and chronic otitis media","authors":"S. Varghese, M. Goutham, M. Saldanha, Rajeshwary Aroor, R. Uppoor, V. Bhat","doi":"10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_38_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_38_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Eustachian tube (ET) is a dynamically intricate and poorly accessible structure connecting the nose and the middle ear. Although chronic otitis media (COM) is multifactorial disease, ET dysfunction is an important but overlooked predisposing factor. With newer evidence into the dynamics and prognostic factor in outcome of middle ear surgeries, it has become a focus of research. Our study aims to evaluate the various ET parameters using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan with multiplanar reconstruction technique. These parameters were compared between the diseased and normal ears to evaluate any association between the ET parameters and middle ear disease. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective study of 66 HRCTs, with 47 HRCTs of COM and rest were controls. ET parameters including (a) ET-angle, (b) length, (c) pretympanic diameter, and (d) diameter at isthmus are measured accurately using HRCT temporal bone. Results: ET angle was significantly obtuse in COM group (154.81° ± 6.33°) when compared with the controls (149.99° ± 6.24°) with P < 0.001. Similar observation in ET angle was noted in diseased ear (154.54° ± 5.79°) in unilateral COM when compared with contralateral ear (149.56° ± 6.87°) (P = 0.001). ET was longer in COM group (3.44 ± 0.31) when compared with controls (3.4 ± 0.35). Pretympanic diameter and diameter at isthmus were greater in control group. Conclusion: The obtuse ET angle and narrow pretympanic diameter may contribute to the pathogenesis of COM. These measurements may be useful in the assessment of ET function preoperatively and might help in determining the surgical outcome. HRCT of temporal bone with multiplanar reconstruction is an effective tool to measure ET dimensions accurately.","PeriodicalId":44304,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Otology","volume":"28 1","pages":"144 - 148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46873439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_243_20
Balaji Ramamourthy, A. Ramavat, N. Hage, A. Govind
The study highlights the management protocol of a large mastoid cholesteatoma presenting with sudden-onset facial palsy mimicking a complicated otitis media and literature review. Congenital cholesteatoma may affect various regions of the temporal bone, the mastoid process being the least frequently involved. The diagnosis is often missed, specifically when the patient presents with features of mastoiditis. Radiology plays an important role in clenching the diagnosis. Congenital (mastoid) cholesteatoma manifesting with features of complicated otitis media is a rare occurrence and needs familiarity to facilitate early diagnosis and appropriate management.
{"title":"Congenital mastoid cholesteatoma of adult patient masquerading as complicated otitis media – A case report and literature review","authors":"Balaji Ramamourthy, A. Ramavat, N. Hage, A. Govind","doi":"10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_243_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_243_20","url":null,"abstract":"The study highlights the management protocol of a large mastoid cholesteatoma presenting with sudden-onset facial palsy mimicking a complicated otitis media and literature review. Congenital cholesteatoma may affect various regions of the temporal bone, the mastoid process being the least frequently involved. The diagnosis is often missed, specifically when the patient presents with features of mastoiditis. Radiology plays an important role in clenching the diagnosis. Congenital (mastoid) cholesteatoma manifesting with features of complicated otitis media is a rare occurrence and needs familiarity to facilitate early diagnosis and appropriate management.","PeriodicalId":44304,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Otology","volume":"28 1","pages":"149 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49303353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_10_22
M. Lye, C. Lin, N. Othman
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing global pandemic exerting considerable strain on the health-care system. Sudden-onset sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) among patients with COVID-19 had been reported sparingly in the literature. Hearing loss can be easily overlooked in intensive care settings and establishing diagnosis can also be challenging. Proposed causes include injury to inner ear structures, cochlear nerve, or auditory brainstem. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is recommended to avoid long-term morbidity. All patients presenting with sudden-onset hearing loss should be screened for COVID-19. Here, we report a case of COVID-19 patient with SSNHL and how the hearing level is determined.
{"title":"Sudden sensorineural hearing loss in coronavirus disease-2019: Our experience","authors":"M. Lye, C. Lin, N. Othman","doi":"10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_10_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_10_22","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing global pandemic exerting considerable strain on the health-care system. Sudden-onset sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) among patients with COVID-19 had been reported sparingly in the literature. Hearing loss can be easily overlooked in intensive care settings and establishing diagnosis can also be challenging. Proposed causes include injury to inner ear structures, cochlear nerve, or auditory brainstem. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is recommended to avoid long-term morbidity. All patients presenting with sudden-onset hearing loss should be screened for COVID-19. Here, we report a case of COVID-19 patient with SSNHL and how the hearing level is determined.","PeriodicalId":44304,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Otology","volume":"28 1","pages":"186 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46131186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_46_22
S. Priyadharshini, K. Gopal, Srividhya Srinivasan
Background: Styloid process (SP) is a cylindrical, cartilaginous bone that projects downward, medially from petrous part of the temporal bone on right and left sides. There are variations noted in the SP which results in impingement on nearby vital structures and can cause annoying orofacial pain. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) gives an accurate image without superimposition of adjacent structure. Aim: This study aims to investigate the three-dimensional orientation, length, and morphological variations of the SP using CBCT. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty CBCT images from the age of 20–60 years were retrieved and further divided into three groups (Group I, II, III). The length, anteroposterior angulation (APA), and mediolateral angulation (MLA) of styloid were measured along with its type of classification of elongation and calcification pattern were recorded. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 28. Results: In our study, the mean length, APA, and MLA of both right and left SPs were found to be 3.05 ± 1.1 cm, 31.7° ± 6.2°, and 67.3° ± 5.8°, respectively. 41.7% was the prevalence of elongation. No significant difference in prevalence, among age group observed. Type I and Type II classification of elongation was predominantly seen. Type B pattern of calcification was found to be statistically highly significant (P = 0.000) on both right and left sides. Conclusion: Diversity of SP in length, angle, and morphology can occur within individuals across populations and among gender; these variations need to be considered in symptomatic patients.
背景:茎突(SP)是一个圆柱形的软骨骨，向下突出，中间从颞骨的左右两侧的岩质部分。注意到SP的变化会导致附近重要结构的冲击，并可能引起恼人的口面部疼痛。锥形束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)可以获得精确的图像，而不会产生相邻结构的叠加。目的:利用CBCT技术研究脑脊液的三维取向、长度和形态变化。材料与方法:选取20 ~ 60岁患者的120张CBCT图像，将其分为3组(I、II、III组)，测量茎突的长度、前后成角(APA)、中外侧成角(MLA)，记录茎突的延伸分型和钙化模式。采用SPSS 28进行统计分析。结果:我们的研究发现，右侧和左侧SPs的平均长度，APA和MLA分别为3.05±1.1 cm, 31.7°±6.2°和67.3°±5.8°。伸长率为41.7%。各年龄组患病率无显著差异。伸长率以I型和II型分类为主。B型钙化在左右两侧均有显著的统计学意义(P = 0.000)。结论:SP在长度、角度和形态上存在个体间、种群间和性别间的差异;这些变化需要在有症状的患者中加以考虑。
{"title":"Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of Morphology and Orientation of Styloid Process and Prevalence of its Elongation in Age and Gender: An Institutional-Based Retrospective Study - A Dentist Perspective","authors":"S. Priyadharshini, K. Gopal, Srividhya Srinivasan","doi":"10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_46_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_46_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Styloid process (SP) is a cylindrical, cartilaginous bone that projects downward, medially from petrous part of the temporal bone on right and left sides. There are variations noted in the SP which results in impingement on nearby vital structures and can cause annoying orofacial pain. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) gives an accurate image without superimposition of adjacent structure. Aim: This study aims to investigate the three-dimensional orientation, length, and morphological variations of the SP using CBCT. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty CBCT images from the age of 20–60 years were retrieved and further divided into three groups (Group I, II, III). The length, anteroposterior angulation (APA), and mediolateral angulation (MLA) of styloid were measured along with its type of classification of elongation and calcification pattern were recorded. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 28. Results: In our study, the mean length, APA, and MLA of both right and left SPs were found to be 3.05 ± 1.1 cm, 31.7° ± 6.2°, and 67.3° ± 5.8°, respectively. 41.7% was the prevalence of elongation. No significant difference in prevalence, among age group observed. Type I and Type II classification of elongation was predominantly seen. Type B pattern of calcification was found to be statistically highly significant (P = 0.000) on both right and left sides. Conclusion: Diversity of SP in length, angle, and morphology can occur within individuals across populations and among gender; these variations need to be considered in symptomatic patients.","PeriodicalId":44304,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Otology","volume":"28 1","pages":"119 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46013236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_103_21
V. Keshavamurthy, K. Ramya, S. Manjunath
Foreign body in the ear is one of the most common conditions encountered at the otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic. Insects, especially live insects present as painful foreign bodies of the external ear. Insects that are most frequently recovered from the ear canal include ticks, bees, beetles, and cockroaches. We present the case report of a 17-year-old girl with recurrent right ear foreign body (live insect) five times in a span of 6 months. This recurrent presentation of the patient on the same side (right) led us to suspect behavioral abnormality. She was diagnosed to have mild intellectual developmental disorder with obsessive compulsive disorder and was treated accordingly. Behavioral problems must be ruled out in recurrent cases of unilateral foreign body ear.
{"title":"“Itch” gratification-Insect polyembolokoilamania of the ear","authors":"V. Keshavamurthy, K. Ramya, S. Manjunath","doi":"10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_103_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_103_21","url":null,"abstract":"Foreign body in the ear is one of the most common conditions encountered at the otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic. Insects, especially live insects present as painful foreign bodies of the external ear. Insects that are most frequently recovered from the ear canal include ticks, bees, beetles, and cockroaches. We present the case report of a 17-year-old girl with recurrent right ear foreign body (live insect) five times in a span of 6 months. This recurrent presentation of the patient on the same side (right) led us to suspect behavioral abnormality. She was diagnosed to have mild intellectual developmental disorder with obsessive compulsive disorder and was treated accordingly. Behavioral problems must be ruled out in recurrent cases of unilateral foreign body ear.","PeriodicalId":44304,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Otology","volume":"28 1","pages":"171 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47328389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_109_22
M. Taneja, Megha Jain, Vivek Taneja, Sandip M. Parmar
Aims and Objectives: To screen the school going mass for hearing loss and study its relationship with their academic performance and aptitude and compare it with pure tone audiometry and validate whisper test. Material and Methods: Procedure- Examiner stands arm distance (60cm) behind the patient. Mask the non-test ear by occluding the external auditory canal by continuously generating rubbing sound. The patient is explained to repeat the words. Test always started with consonants followed by vowels. If more than 80% were correct it was treated as passed. Results: In our study out of 86 students, 8 children failed in whisper test, but all passed in conversation test. In the present study performance was poor in failed students. The incidence of day dream, learning difficulty, inattentiveness was high with hearing impaired children. Conclusion: The whisper test is a simple effective diagnostic and mass hearing screening test which can predict an early hearing loss and if performed by a trained paramedical or social worker can differentiate in conductive, sensorineural, cochlear, and retrocochlear lesion. Since the whisper test does not require a qualified audiologist or otolaryngologist, it should be be a part of annual health check-up and national programme of prevention and control of deafness specifically hearing care in the elderly.
{"title":"Whisper test – Mass hearing screening programme","authors":"M. Taneja, Megha Jain, Vivek Taneja, Sandip M. Parmar","doi":"10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_109_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/indianjotol.indianjotol_109_22","url":null,"abstract":"Aims and Objectives: To screen the school going mass for hearing loss and study its relationship with their academic performance and aptitude and compare it with pure tone audiometry and validate whisper test. Material and Methods: Procedure- Examiner stands arm distance (60cm) behind the patient. Mask the non-test ear by occluding the external auditory canal by continuously generating rubbing sound. The patient is explained to repeat the words. Test always started with consonants followed by vowels. If more than 80% were correct it was treated as passed. Results: In our study out of 86 students, 8 children failed in whisper test, but all passed in conversation test. In the present study performance was poor in failed students. The incidence of day dream, learning difficulty, inattentiveness was high with hearing impaired children. Conclusion: The whisper test is a simple effective diagnostic and mass hearing screening test which can predict an early hearing loss and if performed by a trained paramedical or social worker can differentiate in conductive, sensorineural, cochlear, and retrocochlear lesion. Since the whisper test does not require a qualified audiologist or otolaryngologist, it should be be a part of annual health check-up and national programme of prevention and control of deafness specifically hearing care in the elderly.","PeriodicalId":44304,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Otology","volume":"28 1","pages":"103 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43460724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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