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200 Jahre TU Wien: Vom Versuch, ein Jubiläum (fast) ohne Geschichte zu feiern 200年在维也纳做:尝试庆祝一个周年纪念
Pub Date : 2021-11-08 DOI: 10.1515/9783110731378-017
J. Mikoletzky
: The 200 Years Anniversary of TU Wien in 2015 happened in a difficult context: Like all Austrian Universities, TU Wien since 2004 had experienced a period of far reaching organizational reforms, challenging, among other things, the corporate identity of its members. In addition, it had to compete with two other Viennese universities (Vienna University and Vienna University of Veteri-nary Medicine), who also celebrated their anniversaries in 2015, for resources and public attention. The paper examines the strategies of TU Wien to gain a maxi-mum of attention for its unique scientific competencies and at the same time strengthen internal corporate identity. Reviewing the celebrations of earlier anniversaries, this contribution shows which festive traditions were continued and which new ways of defining and presenting a corporate image of the university were developed. In addition, the strategies of TU Wien are compared with those of its two competitors in anniversary celebration, using commemorative publicati-ons and other media, to point out differences and similarities of the respective festive cultures.
2015年维也纳工业大学200周年纪念活动发生在一个困难的背景下:像所有奥地利大学一样,维也纳工业大学自2004年以来经历了一段影响深远的组织改革时期,其中包括对其成员的企业身份的挑战。此外,它还必须与另外两所维也纳大学(维也纳大学和维也纳兽医大学)竞争资源和公众关注,这两所大学也在2015年庆祝了他们的周年纪念日。本文考察了维也纳理工大学的策略,以获得最大的关注,以其独特的科学能力,同时加强企业的内部认同。回顾早期的周年纪念活动,这一贡献显示了哪些节日传统得到了延续,哪些定义和展示大学企业形象的新方法得到了发展。此外,本文还比较了维也纳理工大学与两家竞争对手在周年庆典上的策略,利用纪念刊物等媒介,指出了各自节日文化的异同。
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引用次数: 0
Celebrate in Times of War? The Academic Jubilees of the University of Kiel and the Vienna Institute of Technology in 1940 在战争时期庆祝?1940年基尔大学和维也纳理工学院的学术周年纪念
Pub Date : 2021-11-08 DOI: 10.1515/9783110731378-009
Martin Göllnitz, P. Rilling
: University anniversaries and jubilees are a central aspect of university communication and they exemplify the interdependencies of both tradition and innovation, past and future. Consciously or unintentionally, jubilee festivities and celebrations serve to create sense internally, to reassure the university ′ s out-ward position and to intensify its communication with the surrounding society. This raises the question of whether and how institutions of higher education have celebrated such occasions in the past, especially in times of social upheaval and crisis – which undoubtedly included the period of the Second World War. This article adopts the perspective of an integrative university history and uses the example of two different types of higher education institutions to ask about the social and political function of their anniversaries. The festivities under scrutiny are the ones at the University of Kiel and at the Technical College Vienna (Technische Hochschule). Both institutions celebrated their anniversaries in 1940 despite – or perhaps precisely because of – the war situation. The focus is on the festive lectures and on the basic conditions for the celebrations as well as for the corresponding jubilee writings. The question is to what extent the actors involved endeavoured to view the historical stages of the university ’ s history from a National Socialist angle and whether they formulated tangible visions of their institution ′ s future.
大学周年纪念和周年庆典是大学交流的一个重要方面,它们体现了传统与创新、过去与未来的相互依存关系。有意无意地,周年庆典和庆祝活动在内部创造了一种感觉,保证了大学的对外地位,加强了与周围社会的沟通。这就提出了一个问题,即高等教育机构过去是否以及如何庆祝这种场合,特别是在社会动荡和危机时期- -这无疑包括第二次世界大战时期。本文以综合性大学历史为视角,以两种不同类型的高等教育机构为例,探讨其校庆的社会政治功能。受到审查的庆祝活动是在基尔大学和维也纳技术学院举行的。这两个机构都在1940年庆祝了它们的周年纪念日,尽管——或许正是因为——战争形势。重点是节日讲座和庆祝活动的基本条件以及相应的禧年写作。问题是,参与其中的参与者在多大程度上努力从国家社会主义的角度来看待大学历史的各个阶段,以及他们是否对学校的未来形成了切实的愿景。
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引用次数: 0
Verdrängung einer „schnell ablaufenden Episode“. Der Umgang der Technischen Universität Berlin mit ihrer NS-Vergangenheit im Spiegel ihrer Jubiläen 速度控制这是柏林工业大学对其纳粹过去的反思,反映了它的周年纪念
Pub Date : 2021-11-08 DOI: 10.1515/9783110731378-011
Vivian Yurdakul
: The reopening of the Technische Hochschule Berlin after the Second World War was prohibited by the Allies due to the institution ’ s strong involvement in Nazi war crimes. Instead they demanded to reestablish the institution as a Technical University – the first of its kind in Germany. As such, the institution was obligated to set up a department of humanities. One of the purposes of this new found department was to investigate the history of the institution during the NS-regime. By examining institutional jubilees celebrated after World War II, this contribution analyzes how the University dealt with its Nazi past with a long term perspective. The article regards these anniversaries as benchmarks to check whether the institutional status of educational establishments has an influence on its culture of remembrance. The article suggests an approach different form prevalent concepts regarding university jubilees as not just cultural but also political events.Ultimately the text argues, that jubilees do not only correspond with an obscure Zeitgeist, but also with specific political interests of individuals and groups.
第二次世界大战后,由于柏林工业大学与纳粹战争罪行密切相关,该学院被盟军禁止重新开放。相反,他们要求将该机构重新建立为一所技术大学——这是德国首个此类大学。因此,该机构有义务设立一个人文学系。这个新成立的部门的目的之一是调查该机构在国家安全局统治时期的历史。通过研究第二次世界大战后庆祝的机构周年纪念,这篇文章分析了大学如何从长远的角度处理纳粹的过去。本文以这些纪念日为基准,考察教育机构的制度地位是否对其纪念文化产生影响。文章提出了一种不同于普遍观念的方法,即将大学周年纪念不仅视为文化事件,还视为政治事件。最后,文章认为,禧年不仅符合一个模糊的时代精神,也符合个人和团体的特定政治利益。
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引用次数: 0
Wie und warum feiern sich Reformuniversitäten? Die Universitäten Bremen und Kassel im Vergleich 改革大学是如何庆祝的?相比不莱梅大学和卡塞尔大学
Pub Date : 2021-11-08 DOI: 10.1515/9783110731378-007
Edith Glaser, A. Kather
: Anniversary festschrifts are part of the traditional practice of celebrating a university jubilee. Also, they play an important role in the historiography of universities. Focusing the young universities of Bremen and Kassel (both founded in 1971), this article examines how and why institutions founded as models of reform and renewal use this canonized practice to create meaning. The ex-planations are guided by the thesis that the change of the institutions and their self-perception is reflected in the anniversary publications. They represent a specific self-image in regards to higher education policies and history in each case. Despite the many differences in the structural conditions of the institutions, the analysis of the commemorative publications from 1981, 1991, 1996 and 2011 shows a common path from self-assurance and a focus on reflecting the founding ideas to the programmatic reorientation as a research university and its confident role for the surrounding region.
当前位置周年庆典是庆祝大学校庆的传统做法之一。此外,它们在大学史学中也扮演着重要的角色。本文以不来梅和卡塞尔两所年轻的大学(都成立于1971年)为重点,探讨了作为改革和更新典范的机构如何以及为什么使用这种规范化的实践来创造意义。这些解释是由机构的变化和他们的自我认知反映在周年纪念出版物的论文指导。他们代表了各自在高等教育政策和历史方面的特定自我形象。尽管各院校的结构条件存在许多差异,但对1981年、1991年、1996年和2011年的纪念出版物的分析显示,从自信和专注于反映建校理念到作为研究型大学的规划重新定位及其对周边地区的自信作用,这是一条共同的道路。
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引用次数: 0
Würdigende Erinnerung oder bewusstes Vergessen. Die Universität Straßburg und das Gedenken an ihre Schicksalsjahre 1919, 1939, 1943, 1945 丰富的回忆或向后的忘却斯特拉斯堡大学和他们1919年,1939年,1945年的命运
Pub Date : 2021-11-08 DOI: 10.1515/9783110731378-012
C. Maurer
: French universities have not developed an equally significant anniversary culture as have, for example, the German universities. This is particularly true of the University of Strasbourg, whose history is deeply marked by the con-flicts between France and Germany. For this contribution, publications which appeared on commemorations and anniversaries as well as digitised archive document have been analysed for a reflection on the commemoration of four crucial years in the history of the modern University of Strasbourg, namely 1919, 1939, 1943 and 1945. The analysis shows, in particular, that the historic events between 1939 and 1945 are still highly relevant for today ’ s commemorative events. The fact that the year 1919 (refoundation of the French University) and the year 1945 (return from the exile in Clermont-Ferrand) were apparently never comme-morated could be related to the university ’ s desire for a „ European “ image, in the sense of a performative approach which contains an expectation of the future. This would preclude any resurgence of commemorative nationalism as might be deciphered from an anniversary celebration of the return and reopening of the French university after the German defeat in 1945. In contrast, and at the same time, the university cherishes the memory of the victims of the National Socialist occupation, some of whom were French Resistance fighters. This reveals a dual, sometimes contradictory, strategy which makes it difficult for the University of Strasbourg to build a stable identity. In addition, the existence of the National Socialist „ Reichsuniversität “ has only recently been officially taken into account. Decades of „ staging university history “ seem to have sensibly shaped the imagi-nary order.
法国大学并没有像德国大学那样发展出同样重要的周年纪念文化。斯特拉斯堡大学尤其如此,它的历史深深地烙上了法国和德国之间冲突的印记。为了这项贡献,我们分析了在纪念活动和周年纪念日上出现的出版物以及数字化档案文件,以反映斯特拉斯堡现代大学历史上四个关键年份的纪念活动,即1919年、1939年、1943年和1945年。分析特别表明,1939年至1945年之间的历史事件与今天的纪念活动仍然高度相关。事实上,1919年(法国大学的重建)和1945年(从克莱蒙费朗流亡归来)显然从未被纪念过,这可能与大学对“欧洲”形象的渴望有关,在一种表现方式的意义上,它包含了对未来的期望。这将阻止任何纪念性民族主义的复兴,就像1945年德国战败后法国大学回归并重新开放的周年庆典一样。与此同时,这所大学怀念纳粹占领时期的受害者,其中一些人是法国抵抗战士。这揭示了一种双重的,有时是矛盾的策略,这使得斯特拉斯堡大学很难建立一个稳定的身份。此外,直到最近才正式考虑到国家社会主义“Reichsuniversität”的存在。几十年的“上演大学历史”似乎已经明智地塑造了想象秩序。
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引用次数: 0
Sechs Festschriften in elf Jahren. Zur Selbstvergewisserung einer kirchlichen Fachhochschule nach dem Boom 11年内我们分别取得6项成果在热潮后一声…虔诚的高等专科院校里自我检查
Pub Date : 2021-11-08 DOI: 10.1515/9783110731378-006
Verena Kümmel
: The implementation of Universities of Applied Sciences (Fachhoch-schulen) was one aspect of the reforms in West German higher education in the 1970s. But outside of anniversary publications, there is little research about this new type of university. The article focuses on how anniversary publications were used as a policy instrument at the still young Protestant University of Applied Sciences in Darmstadt. Using the example of the church-based university, which was freed from its familiar structures and hierarchies by the university reform, it can be shown how the commemorative publications served as self-assurance as well as legitimization towards the responsible regional church. In the process, the celebrated anniversaries demonstrated the long tradition of the young university in the field of social work but were also used to overplay unwelcome aspects; especially the conflicts arising from the new form of governance between the students, the professors as well as the regional church. Against this background, the anniversary publications served to consolidate the sovereignty of individual disciplines within the university, but nevertheless offered a positive historical identity for university members.
应用科学大学(Fachhoch-schulen)的实施是20世纪70年代西德高等教育改革的一个方面。但除了周年纪念出版物之外,关于这种新型大学的研究很少。这篇文章关注的是,在达姆施塔特仍然年轻的新教应用科学大学,周年纪念出版物是如何被用作政策工具的。以教会大学为例,通过大学改革,教会大学从其熟悉的结构和等级制度中解脱出来,可以看出纪念性出版物如何对负责任的地区教会起到自我保证和合法化的作用。在这个过程中,庆祝周年纪念展示了这所年轻大学在社会工作领域的悠久传统,但也被用来夸大不受欢迎的方面;特别是在新的管理形式下,学生、教授和地方教会之间的冲突。在这种背景下,周年纪念刊物巩固了大学内部各个学科的主权,但同时也为大学成员提供了一种积极的历史身份。
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引用次数: 0
Singularität versus Serialität? Überlegungen zu Münchner Universitätsreden anlässlich von Hochschuljubiläen im 19. Jahrhundert 奇点与连续慕尼黑大学对19周年纪念的演讲。世纪
Pub Date : 2021-11-08 DOI: 10.1515/9783110731378-013
M. Berg
: This article aims to compare speeches that were delivered in the 19 th century at the Ludwig Maximilian University and the Technical University of Munich on an annual and routine base with speeches for anniversaries and other exceptional occasions. In so doing, this contribution sheds light on the role the academic speech culture played in endowing university culture with meaning, a typical feature of university anniversaries and other festivities. So far, the research perspective on university speeches has hardly been explicitly linked to the inc-reased interest of university historiography in academic festivities.The article first addresses the seemingly obvious difference between the serial nature of annual university (for example, at the inauguration of the rector) and the singularity of speeches on the occasion of an anniversary. In a second step, the author analyses whether the speakers of jubilee speeches had really designed them for a singular and exception purpose and whether they succeeded in escaping the attraction that the seriality of the annual speeches and their parameters emanated.
本文旨在比较19世纪在路德维希·马克西米利安大学和慕尼黑工业大学的年度和例行演讲与纪念日和其他特殊场合的演讲。这样一来,这一贡献揭示了学术演讲文化在赋予大学文化意义方面所起的作用,这是大学周年纪念和其他庆祝活动的典型特征。到目前为止,对大学演讲的研究视角几乎没有明确地与大学史学对学术活动日益浓厚的兴趣联系起来。这篇文章首先阐述了大学年度演讲的连续性(例如,在校长就职典礼上)与周年纪念演讲的独特性之间看似明显的区别。在第二步中,作者分析了周年纪念演讲的演讲者是否真的是为了一个独特和例外的目的而设计的,以及他们是否成功地逃避了年度演讲的连续性及其参数所产生的吸引力。
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引用次数: 0
„Bei uns hat die 200jährige Jubelfeier viel Staub aufgewirbelt…“ Das gescheiterte Gedenkjahr 1877 der Universität Innsbruck "我们的两百年庆典尘在庆祝活动上"又是1877年因斯布鲁克大学
Pub Date : 2021-11-08 DOI: 10.1515/9783110731378-008
Christof Aichner
: The paper examines the failed jubilee of the University of Innsbruck in 1877. Due to a conflict in the senate of the university, the professors were not willing to organize the 200 th anniversary celebration of the university ’ s foundation. In this situation, students took over and tried to plan the university ’ s jubilee. However, the students failed in doing so, since they could not reach an agreement whether a catholic Mass should be part of the festivities. For this reason, only some smaller celebrations took place held by student fraternities,which ended in street fights and a scandal.The paper analyses the reasons for the failed jubilee in the context of the public debate on clerical control of the educational system in the Habsburg Monarchy and the discussion on the role of the church in the university at the time of the university ’ s foundation and in the contemporary era. Furthermore, it deals with concepts of cultural memory and performative prac-tices associated with the jubilee. oft Theilnahme hofft, Oesterreichs diesem Fest ihrer regen Antheil nehmen
本文考察了1877年因斯布鲁克大学失败的50周年校庆。由于校董会内部的冲突,教授们不愿意组织建校200周年的庆祝活动。在这种情况下,学生们接管并试图计划大学的周年纪念。然而,学生们未能如愿,因为他们无法就天主教弥撒是否应该成为庆祝活动的一部分达成一致。因此,只有一些较小的庆祝活动是由学生联谊会举行的,最终以街头斗殴和丑闻告终。本文从哈布斯堡王朝时期教会对教育系统的控制的公开辩论,以及在大学建立之初和当代对教会在大学中的作用的讨论的背景下,分析了jubilee失败的原因。此外,它还涉及与禧年相关的文化记忆和表演实践的概念。在他们的名字里,奥斯特雷奇斯似乎比安塞尔·尼赫曼更有活力
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引用次数: 0
Jubiläen von Hochschulen und Universitäten. Stand und Perspektiven der Forschung 40岁以上研究的现状和观点
Pub Date : 2021-11-08 DOI: 10.1515/9783110731378-003
Anton F. Guhl, Gisela Hürlimann
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引用次数: 0
„[K]ein Grund zum Feiern“…? Die Universitätsjubiläen in Marburg und Tübingen 1977 zwischen Jubel, Krise und Chance "就来庆祝吧" ?1977年马尔堡大学和图宾根大学在庆祝、危机和机遇之间的周年纪念
Pub Date : 2021-11-08 DOI: 10.1515/9783110731378-010
Sarah Kramer
The year 1977 marked the 450 and 500 anniversaries, respectively, of both the founding of the University of Marburg and Tübingen. Due to a series of upheavals, financial shortfalls and protests in the university sector since the 1960s the jubilees were not perceived as an occasion for cheers by everyone. The paper understands the anniversaries as a probe which can shed light on contemporary problem diagnoses and lines of conflict. By examining not only the official program, but rather a wide range of history types such as counter-festivities and counter-publications, conclusions can be drawn about diverging ideas regarding the identity of the university and the role of its different members. Despite several celebratory elements, the anniversary in Marburg was framed as a critical appraisal of the current situation with a participatory approach. Particular attention was attracted by a counter-celebration hosted by conservative professors,who used the opportunity for a general reckoning with university reforms. In Tübingen however, where the official program was altogether much more solemnly, it came to no comparable conservative protest, but instead to a student counter-jubilee.
1977年是马尔堡大学和宾根大学成立450周年和500周年。自20世纪60年代以来,由于一系列动荡,财政短缺和大学部门的抗议活动,周年庆典并不是每个人都认为是欢呼的机会。本文将周年纪念理解为一种探索,可以揭示当代问题的诊断和冲突的路线。通过不仅考察官方计划,而且考察广泛的历史类型,如反庆祝活动和反出版物,可以得出关于大学身份及其不同成员角色的不同观点的结论。尽管有一些庆祝因素,马尔堡周年纪念仍被定为以参与性方法对当前形势进行批判性评价。保守派教授们举办的反庆祝活动尤其吸引了人们的注意,他们利用这个机会对大学改革进行了总体反思。然而,在宾根,官方的计划要严肃得多,没有类似的保守派抗议,而是学生反大赦。
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引用次数: 0
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