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Variational Algorithms of Deep Kinematic Migration in Two-Dimensional Media with a Horizontal Velocity Gradient 具有水平速度梯度的二维介质中深层运动迁移的变量算法
IF 0.4 Q4 GEOLOGY
Moscow University Geology Bulletin
Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.3103/s0145875224700327
P. Yu. Stepanov, Yu. A. Gomanyuk

Abstract

The paper considers three algorithms of kinematic migration (conversion of time fields of normal rays into reflecting boundaries) based on the variational theory of ray tracing developed by T.I. Oblogina, prof. of the Department of Seismometry and Geoacoustics, Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University. Numerical experiments with theoretical models of layered media of varying complexity have revealed significant drawbacks of the “classical” variational algorithm for solving the inverse kinematic problem. Two modifications of the classical variational algorithm are suggested in terms of calculating the starting angle of the ray departure from the Earth’s surface, leaving unchanged the principle of taking into account the curvature of seismic rays and refraction at intermediate boundaries: a variational algorithm which uses “image rays” and a kinematic migration algorithm for layered media with variable reservoir velocities, which takes into account the slope of each boundary. The results obtained for theoretical models of complex media show high efficiency of the modified kinematic migration algorithm which takes into account the slope of each boundary when solving the inverse kinematic problem.

摘要 本文研究了三种基于莫斯科国立大学地质系地震测量和地质声学教研室教授 T.I. Oblogina 提出的射线追踪变分理论的运动迁移算法（将法线的时间场转换为反射边界）。对不同复杂程度的层状介质理论模型进行的数值实验表明，用于解决反运动学问题的 "经典 "变分算法存在重大缺陷。在计算射线离开地球表面的起始角度方面，在不改变考虑地震射线曲率和中间边界折射的原则的情况下，建议对经典变分算法进行两种修改：一种是使用 "图像射线 "的变分算法，另一种是考虑到每个边界坡度的、用于储层速度可变的层状介质的运动迁移算法。对复杂介质理论模型的研究结果表明，修改后的运动迁移算法效率很高，该算法在解决反向运动问题时考虑了每个边界的斜率。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental Evaluation of the Peatification Effect on the Phase Composition of Water in Frozen Soils of with Different Grain Size Distributions 泥炭化效应对不同粒度分布冻土中水相组成的实验评估
IF 0.4 Q4 GEOLOGY
Moscow University Geology Bulletin
Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.3103/s0145875224700303
R. G. Motenko, R. R. Davletova, E. S. Grechishcheva, A. G. Alekseev

Abstract

The article presents the results of experimental studies of the unfrozen water content (Ww) in frozen soils with different grain size distributions with a degree of peatification from 3 to 100% (in increments of 10%). The obtained patterns Ww = f(t °C) are discussed. The role of the organic matter content in the formation of the phase composition of moisture in the temperature range from 0 to –18°C is estimated. The study primarily considers the patterns of moisture changes due to unfrozen water with a degree of peatification above 50%, when soils are referred to peat according to GOST 25 100–2020. The patterns of the change in Ww from the degree of peatification at fixed temperatures are given.

摘要 本文介绍了对泥炭化程度在 3% 到 100% 之间（以 10% 为增量）、具有不同粒度分布的冻土中未冻结含水量（Ww）的实验研究结果。本文讨论了所获得的 Ww = f(t °C) 模式。估计了有机质含量在 0 至 -18°C 温度范围内形成水分相组成中的作用。研究主要考虑了泥炭化程度超过 50%（根据 GOST 25 100-2020 标准，土壤属于泥炭）的未冻水导致的水分变化规律。研究给出了在固定温度下，Ww 随泥炭化程度变化的规律。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of Transmissivity of the Weathered Upper Part of Horizontally Layered Bedrock 水平层状基岩风化上部透射率评估
IF 0.4 Q4 GEOLOGY
Moscow University Geology Bulletin
Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.3103/s0145875224700297
A. V. Lekhov

Abstract

The results of flowmeter tests of wells in the upper part of a layered rock massif indicate a model of the permeability medium in the form of separate horizontal thin fracture zones, separated by layers with a thickness of several meters. Pumping was studied with a model in cylindrical coordinates for two thin aquifers. The upper one works with a constant pressure in pumping a well, determined by the position of the zone, and a decreasing rate, and the lower, with an increasing rate, is additional to the pump rate. The filter intervals of the central and the only observation well are the same. Processing of the pumping results with the commonly used Jacob method showed the main features: strong differences in transmissivity in different variants of well locations, unrealistically large values of the storage coefficient, and an ultrasmall calculated radius of the pumping well.

摘要 对层状岩体上部的水井进行流量计测试的结果表明，渗透介质的形式为独立的水平薄断裂带，被厚度为几米的岩层隔开。通过对两个薄含水层的圆柱坐标模型进行抽水研究。上层含水层的抽水井压力恒定，由含水层的位置决定，抽水速率递减；下层含水层的抽水速率递增，是抽水速率的附加值。中央观察井和唯一观察井的过滤间隔相同。用常用的雅各布法处理抽水结果显示了以下主要特征：不同井位的渗透率差异很大，储水系数的数值过大，抽水井的计算半径过小。
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引用次数: 0
Paleoclimatic and Paleogeographic Reconstructions of Sedimentation Conditions in the Fushun Basin Using Methods of Mathematical Statistics 用数理统计方法重建抚顺盆地的古气候和古地理沉积条件
IF 0.4 Q4 GEOLOGY
Moscow University Geology Bulletin
Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.3103/s014587522470025x
K. V. Syromyatnikov, M. A. Levitan, R. R. Gabdullin

Abstract

The relationship between climate changes and sedimentation conditions for four accumulation stages of the Fuxing and Shahai coal-bearing formations of the Fushun coal basin in the Aptian–Albian has been established using mathematical statistical methods. As a result, it has been revealed that the increase in climate humidity coincided with the widespread anoxic oceanic Paquie event (Paquie, OAE1b) in the Early Albian. In addition, a significant effect of facies conditions on the intensity of accumulation of peat and coal of the Fuxing and Shahai coal-bearing formations has been revealed. The activation of peat accumulation and coal formation processes was promoted by an increase in climate humidity, an activation of input of clastic material, and a decrease in water level in freshwater reservoirs of the Fuxing basin.

摘要 利用数理统计方法建立了抚顺煤盆地复兴、沙海含煤地层在始新统-早白垩世四个堆积阶段的气候变化与沉积条件之间的关系。结果表明，气候湿度的增加与早白垩世大面积缺氧的大洋帕基事件（Paquie，OAE1b）相吻合。此外，研究还揭示了面层条件对复兴和沙海含煤地层泥炭和煤炭堆积强度的重要影响。气候湿度的增加、碎屑物质输入的激活以及复兴盆地淡水水库水位的下降促进了泥炭堆积和煤炭形成过程。
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引用次数: 0
Radioactivity of Surface Marine Sediments of Chaun Bay: Analysis of Natural and Anthropogenic Factors 潮安湾表层海洋沉积物的放射性：自然和人为因素分析
IF 0.4 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences
Moscow University Geology Bulletin
Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.3103/s0145875224700078
A. S. Ulyantsev, S. I. Ivannikov, S. Yu. Bratskaya, A. N. Charkin

Abstract

The paper presents data on the spatial distribution of the active concentration of natural (232Th, 226Ra, and 40K) and anthropogenic (137Cs) radionuclides in the surface layer of bottom sediments in Chaun Bay of the East Siberian Sea. The measured active concentration of 232Th and 226Ra was typical of bottom sediments of the Arctic coastal shelf zone and corresponded to the global level. The level of 137Cs activity in bottom sediments showed the absence of local sources of anthropogenic pollution in Chaun Bay, while the mean 40K activity concentration was 1.8 times higher than the global. The results of statistical analysis of the data obtained showed that the dynamics of river runoff, thermal abrasion, and currents, as well as aeolian and ice transport of sedimentary matter, were the main factors that determined the differences in the behavior of the studied radionuclides in the surface bottom sediments of Chaun Bay.

摘要 本文介绍了东西伯利亚海朝恩湾底层沉积物表层天然（232Th、226Ra 和 40K）和人为（137Cs）放射性核素有效浓度的空间分布数据。测量到的 232Th 和 226Ra 活性浓度是北极沿海大陆架区域底层沉积物的典型值，与全球水平相当。底层沉积物中 137Cs 活性水平表明，朝恩湾不存在本地人为污染源，而平均 40K 活性浓度是全球水平的 1.8 倍。对所获数据进行统计分析的结果表明，河流径流、热磨蚀和海流的动态变化，以及沉积物的风化和冰运移，是决定所研究的放射性核素在潮安湾表层底层沉积物中的行为差异的主要因素。
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引用次数: 0
Mineral Composition and Stratigraphic Position of Interior Jewelry Ammonites from the Middle Aptian of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania 北奥塞梯-阿拉尼亚共和国中古生代内部珠宝鲑鱼的矿物成分和地层位置
IF 0.4 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences
Moscow University Geology Bulletin
Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.3103/s0145875224700182
E. Yu. Baraboshkin, D. A. Petrochenkov

Abstract

The stratigraphic position and mineral composition of ammonite shells of interior and jewelry quality from the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania have been studied for the first time. Ammonites were collected from the middle reaches of the Urukh River and originated from middle Aptian sediments accumulated in anoxic environments. The set of ammonite studies included determination of microhardness, density, luminescence; optical–petrographic analysis; quantitative determination of chemical and mineral composition; and electron probe studies. Ammonites consist mainly of calcite, pyrite, and aragonite. The walls and septa of the shells retained the original aragonite composition. The residential and destroyed hydrostatic chambers of the shells are composed of marl. Micron inclusions of ankerite and apatite have been found from accessory minerals. Sr and Ni have been identified as impurities. The mineralization of the shells began with the formation of pyrite layers. The mineral composition of the ammonites is calcite–pyrite.

摘要：首次研究了北奥塞梯-阿拉尼亚共和国出土的室内和珠宝级氨甲贝壳的地层位置和矿物成分。氨石采集自乌鲁克河中游，来自缺氧环境中积累的中奥普斯沉积物。对鲑鱼的一系列研究包括测定显微硬度、密度、发光；光学摄谱分析；定量测定化学和矿物成分；以及电子探针研究。芒硝主要由方解石、黄铁矿和文石组成。贝壳的壁和隔板保留了原来的文石成分。贝壳的居住区和被破坏的静水腔由泥灰岩组成。从附属矿物中发现了微米级的角闪石和磷灰石包裹体。锰和镍已被确定为杂质。贝壳的矿化始于黄铁矿层的形成。褐铁矿的矿物成分为方解石-黄铁矿。
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引用次数: 0
Quantitative Parameters of Diagenetic Transformations in Eocene–Pleistocene Sediments of the Vøring Plateau (Norwegian Sea) Depending on Their Sedimentation Conditions 沃林高原（挪威海）始新世-始新世沉积物中二基因转化的定量参数取决于其沉积条件
IF 0.4 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences
Moscow University Geology Bulletin
Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.3103/s014587522470008x
K. V. Syromyatnikov, R. R. Gabdullin, M. A. Levitan

Abstract

The degree of intensity of diagenetic transformations was studied using one-dimensional regressive analysis of the distribution of Fe, Mn, and Corg contents, as well as the density of marine sediments along depth in the sections of the studied boreholes drilled on the Vøring Plateau. As a result, we estimated the qualitative parameters of diagenetic processes in the Eocene–Pleistocene sediments. On the basis of one-factor dispersion analysis, we also studied the degree of intensity of diagenetic processes for the main lithological types of sediments of the Vøring Plateau. It is established that, in addition to hiatuses and the influence of bottom currents and turbidites, the degree of diagenetic transformations in the Eocene–Pleistocene depended on the following main factors: sedimentation conditions, lithological composition of sediments, and the amount of organic carbon in composition of the Eocene–Pleistocene sediments of the Vøring Plateau.

摘要 通过对所研究的沃林高原钻孔剖面中的铁、锰和钙含量的分布以及海洋沉积物沿深度的密度进行一维回归分析，研究了成岩转变的强度。因此，我们估算了始新世-早更新世沉积物成岩过程的定性参数。在单因素离散分析的基础上，我们还研究了沃林高原主要岩性类型沉积物成岩过程的强度。结果表明，除了断裂以及底流和浊积岩的影响之外，始新世-早更新世成岩过程的程度还取决于以下主要因素：沉积条件、沉积物的岩性组成以及沃林高原始新世-早更新世沉积物成分中的有机碳含量。
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引用次数: 0
Diamonds of the Pionerskaya Pipe: Morphology, Spectroscopy, and Prospects 皮奥内尔斯卡娅管道的钻石：形态、光谱和前景
IF 0.4 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences
Moscow University Geology Bulletin
Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.3103/s0145875224700091
G. Yu. Kriulina, S. V. Vyatkin, L. D. Bardukhinov, E. M. Sedykh, M. B. Kopchikov, V. K. Garanin

Abstract

Compared to diamonds from the Arkhangelskaya and Karpinsky-1 pipes, diamonds from the Pionerskaya pipe formed at higher temperatures and were exposed to such conditions for a longer time (the underwent high-temperature annealing). The Pionerskaya pipe has a slightly lower productivity, but the quality of diamonds is higher, especially in large size classes. In addition, it has a higher proportion of octahedra and highly transparent crystals that were not subjected to accessory etching.

摘要与阿尔汉格尔斯卡亚管道和卡尔平斯基 1 号管道的金刚石相比，皮奥纳尔斯卡亚管道的金刚石是在更高的温度下形成的，而且在这种条件下暴露的时间更长（经历了高温退火）。皮奥纳尔斯卡亚岩管的生产率略低，但钻石的质量较高，尤其是大尺寸级别的钻石。此外，它的八面体和高透明度晶体的比例较高，这些晶体没有经过附属蚀刻处理。
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引用次数: 0
The Upper Maastrichtian Reference Section of Mt. Klementyev, Southeastern Crimea 克里米亚东南部克莱门特耶夫山的上元古代参考剖面
IF 0.4 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences
Moscow University Geology Bulletin
Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.3103/s0145875224700030
L. F. Kopaevich, E. V. Yakovishina, N. O. Mitrofanova, A. M. Nikishin, S. I. Bordunov

Abstract

The results of a comprehensive study of an Upper Maastrichtian reference Mt. Klementyev section (Southeastern Crimea), consisting of a terrigenous–carbonate sequence, are presented. It is established that sedimentation occurred in relatively deep-sea conditions. Biostratigraphic analysis of assemblages of benthic and planktonic foraminifers made it possible to recognize the foraminiferal zones in the section and to confirm deep-sea sedimentation during this period.

摘要 本文介绍了对上元古代克列缅耶夫山（克里米亚东南部）参考剖面的综合研究结果，该剖面由陆相碳酸盐序列组成。研究证实，沉积发生在相对深海的条件下。通过对底栖生物和浮游有孔虫组合的生物地层分析，可以识别该剖面的有孔虫区，并确认这一时期的深海沉积。
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引用次数: 0
Platinum Group Minerals of the Baimka Gold Placer Cluster, Western Chukotka: New Data 楚科奇西部拜姆卡金矿床群的铂族矿物：新数据
IF 0.4 Q4 Earth and Planetary Sciences
Moscow University Geology Bulletin
Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.3103/s0145875224700108
E. A. Vlasov, A. G. Mochalov, M. F. Vigasina, V. D. Shcherbakov, P. Yu. Plechov

Abstract

The results of the study of the platinum group minerals of the Baimka gold placer cluster, Western Chukotka, Russia, are presented. Platinum group minerals belong to the iridium–platinum and platinum mineralogical-geochemical types with the Late Jurassic cumulative pyroxenite-gabbro complexes as a probable source. Platinum group minerals came to alluvial gold placers primarily from intermediate reservoirs, which is the Volgian volcanic-sedimentary sequence J3v2–3. Rounded silicate glass inclusions are a specific feature of platinum minerals from the Baimka placer cluster.

摘要介绍了对俄罗斯西楚科奇Baimka金块群中铂族矿物的研究结果。铂族矿物属于铱-铂和铂矿物地球化学类型，可能的来源是晚侏罗世累积辉长岩-辉长岩复合体。铂族矿物主要来自中间储层，即伏尔加火山沉积序列 J3v2-3。圆形硅酸盐玻璃包裹体是拜姆卡砂金矿群铂矿物的一个特殊特征。
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引用次数: 0
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