Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.3103/s0145875223050125
M. D. Shchekleina, P. Yu. Plechov, V. D. Shcherbakov, V. O. Davydova, I. N. Bindeman
Abstract—
This paper presents the results of a detailed petrological study of a continuous section of the Golygin ignimbrite, related to the Pauzhetka caldera-forming eruption (443 ± 8 ka BP). The continuous zoning of the studied sequence suggests that a large magmatic chamber, partially emptied during the eruption, was also zoned and had significant vertical dimensions. Our research included determining the bulk composition of rocks, studying samples of the Golygin ignimbrites in thin sections, and detailed studying of quartz and melt inclusions in it. The roof of the magmatic chamber was at a depth of about 5 km; amphibole and plagioclase crystalloclasts in rocks at the base of the sequence show evidence of formation in a more basic melt at a depth of 24 to 25 km. The composition of the magmatic melt reconstructed from melt inclusions in quartz from this sequence corresponds to medium-K rhyolites (wt %): SiO2 78.1–77.9, Al2O3 12.7–12, FeOt 0.8–0.1, MgO 0.1–0.0, CaO 1.0–0.2, K2O 4.3–3.8, Na2O 4.9–3.3, Cl2 0.1–0.2. Crystallization temperatures calculated for various minerals and their assemblages vary in the range 1009–784°С, which, together with estimates of formation depths of 25 km to 5 km, may reflect different stages of a crystallization of the magmatic melt, magma ascent and evolution in a relatively shallow chamber where it was slowly cooled and crystallized. The maximum water content of the magmatic melt during quartz crystallization was estimated in the range from 4.1 to 7.5 wt % H2O.
{"title":"The Petrology of the Golygin Ignimbrite (South Kamchatka)","authors":"M. D. Shchekleina, P. Yu. Plechov, V. D. Shcherbakov, V. O. Davydova, I. N. Bindeman","doi":"10.3103/s0145875223050125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0145875223050125","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract—</h3><p>This paper presents the results of a detailed petrological study of a continuous section of the Golygin ignimbrite, related to the Pauzhetka caldera-forming eruption (443 ± 8 ka BP). The continuous zoning of the studied sequence suggests that a large magmatic chamber, partially emptied during the eruption, was also zoned and had significant vertical dimensions. Our research included determining the bulk composition of rocks, studying samples of the Golygin ignimbrites in thin sections, and detailed studying of quartz and melt inclusions in it. The roof of the magmatic chamber was at a depth of about 5 km; amphibole and plagioclase crystalloclasts in rocks at the base of the sequence show evidence of formation in a more basic melt at a depth of 24 to 25 km. The composition of the magmatic melt reconstructed from melt inclusions in quartz from this sequence corresponds to medium-K rhyolites (wt %): SiO<sub>2</sub> 78.1–77.9, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 12.7–12, FeOt 0.8–0.1, MgO 0.1–0.0, CaO 1.0–0.2, K<sub>2</sub>O 4.3–3.8, Na<sub>2</sub>O 4.9–3.3, Cl<sub>2</sub> 0.1–0.2. Crystallization temperatures calculated for various minerals and their assemblages vary in the range 1009–784°С, which, together with estimates of formation depths of 25 km to 5 km, may reflect different stages of a crystallization of the magmatic melt, magma ascent and evolution in a relatively shallow chamber where it was slowly cooled and crystallized. The maximum water content of the magmatic melt during quartz crystallization was estimated in the range from 4.1 to 7.5 wt % H<sub>2</sub>O.</p>","PeriodicalId":44391,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Geology Bulletin","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140888190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.3103/s0145875223050058
E. A. Filimonova, E. I. Baranovskaya, M. A. Sokolovskaya, N. A. Kharitonova
Abstract
This paper estimates the deep heating temperature of the mineral waters of the Essentuki field by ionic geothermometers. The water is extracted from four productive aquifers (Danian–Selandian, Cenomanian–Maastrichtian, Aptian–Lower Albian, and Tithonian–Valanginian). The study shows that the most adequate deep temperatures, from 64 to 97°C, are provided by a SiO2 geothermometer; the Na–K geothermometer overestimates and the Mg–Li and chalcedony geothermometers underestimate this temperature. The water penetration depth is assessed at 1.2–1.8 km for the Danian–Selandian, Cenomanian–Maastrichtian, and Aptian–Lower Albian aquifers and at more than 2 km for the Tithonian–Valanginian aquifer.
{"title":"Estimation of the Real Subsurface Temperature for Mineral Water Circulated within the Essentuki Spa, Caucasian Mineral Waters Region","authors":"E. A. Filimonova, E. I. Baranovskaya, M. A. Sokolovskaya, N. A. Kharitonova","doi":"10.3103/s0145875223050058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0145875223050058","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This paper estimates the deep heating temperature of the mineral waters of the Essentuki field by ionic geothermometers. The water is extracted from four productive aquifers (Danian–Selandian, Cenomanian–Maastrichtian, Aptian–Lower Albian, and Tithonian–Valanginian). The study shows that the most adequate deep temperatures, from 64 to 97°C, are provided by a SiO<sub>2</sub> geothermometer; the Na–K geothermometer overestimates and the Mg–Li and chalcedony geothermometers underestimate this temperature. The water penetration depth is assessed at 1.2–1.8 km for the Danian–Selandian, Cenomanian–Maastrichtian, and Aptian–Lower Albian aquifers and at more than 2 km for the Tithonian–Valanginian aquifer.</p>","PeriodicalId":44391,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Geology Bulletin","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140888194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.3103/s014587522305006x
M. L. Kuleshova, T. G. Shimko, N. N. Danchenko, I. V. Avilina, N. Yu. Stepanova, V. I. Sergeev
Abstract—
Two natural clay soils are considered as promising materials for creating safety barriers for radioactive waste disposal. Composition indicators that affect the absorbing properties of clays have been analyzed. The absorption capacity of the soils is studied in column experiments with respect to Cs, Sr, U, Th, Ba (analogue of Ra), and Nd and Dy (analogues of Am-241 and Cm-244), which can be present in radioactive waste of hazard classes III and IV. The experimentally derived migration parameters (effective porosity, effective dispersion coefficient, and sorption capacity) of soils are used in predictive mathematical modeling for the comparative assessment of the effectiveness of safety barriers made of the materials under study; the possibility of using them for engineering safety barriers is estimated.
摘要--两种天然粘土被认为是建造放射性废物处置安全屏障的有前途的材料。对影响粘土吸收特性的成分指标进行了分析。在柱状实验中研究了土壤对铯、锶、铀、钍、钡（镭的类似物）、钕和镝（Am-241 和 Cm-244 的类似物）的吸收能力，这些物质可能存在于危害等级为 III 和 IV 的放射性废物中。实验得出的土壤迁移参数（有效孔隙度、有效扩散系数和吸附能力）被用于预测性数学模型，以比较评估由所研究材料制成的安全屏障的有效性；并估计了将其用于工程安全屏障的可能性。
{"title":"Natural Clay Soils as Materials for Creating Engineering Safety Barriers for Radioacive Waste Disposal","authors":"M. L. Kuleshova, T. G. Shimko, N. N. Danchenko, I. V. Avilina, N. Yu. Stepanova, V. I. Sergeev","doi":"10.3103/s014587522305006x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s014587522305006x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>—</h3><p>Two natural clay soils are considered as promising materials for creating safety barriers for radioactive waste disposal. Composition indicators that affect the absorbing properties of clays have been analyzed. The absorption capacity of the soils is studied in column experiments with respect to Cs, Sr, U, Th, Ba (analogue of Ra), and Nd and Dy (analogues of Am-241 and Cm-244), which can be present in radioactive waste of hazard classes III and IV. The experimentally derived migration parameters (effective porosity, effective dispersion coefficient, and sorption capacity) of soils are used in predictive mathematical modeling for the comparative assessment of the effectiveness of safety barriers made of the materials under study; the possibility of using them for engineering safety barriers is estimated.</p>","PeriodicalId":44391,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Geology Bulletin","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140888240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.3103/s0145875223060169
F. A. Sharipov, T. A. Kireeva
Abstract
This article considers the problem of technogenic impacts on the waters of the upper aquifers in the territory of oil and gas fields of the Tatar Arch. It is substantiated that the change in the chemical composition of the waters of the Upper Permian (Kazan and Ufa) aquifers, which removes them from the household water supply (HWS), occurred as a result of the development of oil and gas fields. The paper presents the results of an analysis of the causes of pollution of aquifers due to leaks in production wells, ruptures in pipelines and improper disposal of oil sludge.
{"title":"The Causes of Technogenic Pollution of the Waters of the Upper Aquifers as a Result of the Development of Oil and Gas Fields of the Tatar Arch","authors":"F. A. Sharipov, T. A. Kireeva","doi":"10.3103/s0145875223060169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0145875223060169","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This article considers the problem of technogenic impacts on the waters of the upper aquifers in the territory of oil and gas fields of the Tatar Arch. It is substantiated that the change in the chemical composition of the waters of the Upper Permian (Kazan and Ufa) aquifers, which removes them from the household water supply (HWS), occurred as a result of the development of oil and gas fields. The paper presents the results of an analysis of the causes of pollution of aquifers due to leaks in production wells, ruptures in pipelines and improper disposal of oil sludge.</p>","PeriodicalId":44391,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Geology Bulletin","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139765838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.3103/s0145875223060078
Abstract
Changes in the bearing capacity of frozen soils under various scenarios of warming in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) by 2050 are considered. Deformations and destruction of buildings and engineering structures in the Russian Arctic will be gradually developed. Taking into account the climatic scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5), one-third of the AZRF territory will experience a decrease in the bearing capacity by more than 15% by the middle of the century. The Arctic coast of the European North of Russia and the Yamal and the Gyda Peninsulas are in the danger zone.
{"title":"A Damage Assessment of the Bearing Capacity of Frozen Grounds due to Temperature Change and Permafrost Thawing in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation by the Middle of the 21st Century","authors":"","doi":"10.3103/s0145875223060078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0145875223060078","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Changes in the bearing capacity of frozen soils under various scenarios of warming in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) by 2050 are considered. Deformations and destruction of buildings and engineering structures in the Russian Arctic will be gradually developed. Taking into account the climatic scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5), one-third of the AZRF territory will experience a decrease in the bearing capacity by more than 15% by the middle of the century. The Arctic coast of the European North of Russia and the Yamal and the Gyda Peninsulas are in the danger zone.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":44391,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Geology Bulletin","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139765956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.3103/s0145875223060121
Abstract
We present the results of geophysical survey of the Gnezdilovo-12 burial mound necropolis, which was completely destroyed by plowing. Geophysical data are in good correlation with the results of archaeological excavations, maps of the 19th century, and the surface artifact distribution. The investigation of Gnezdilovo-12 is one of the first full-scaled geophysical surveys of the destroyed burial site in European Russia. It enables the confident interpretation of the site structure and 3D reconstruction of the burial mound landscape.
{"title":"Geophysical Investigation of the Gnezdilovo-12 Burial Mound Necropolis (Suzdal’ Opolie)","authors":"","doi":"10.3103/s0145875223060121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0145875223060121","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>We present the results of geophysical survey of the Gnezdilovo-12 burial mound necropolis, which was completely destroyed by plowing. Geophysical data are in good correlation with the results of archaeological excavations, maps of the 19th century, and the surface artifact distribution. The investigation of Gnezdilovo-12 is one of the first full-scaled geophysical surveys of the destroyed burial site in European Russia. It enables the confident interpretation of the site structure and 3D reconstruction of the burial mound landscape.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":44391,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Geology Bulletin","volume":"212 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139765839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.3103/s0145875223060091
Abstract
A method of sample decompounding and silver sulfide precipitation for determination of the sulfur isotope composition using mass-spectrometry has been tested and improved. The analytics and methodology of preparing test samples for analysis are described and task variations are indicated. The validity of the developed method of sample preparation was verified by a comparative analysis of various methods in three laboratories using internationally certified rock standards.
{"title":"A Method for Determining the Sulfur Isotope Composition in Ultramafic–Mafic Rocks with a Low Sulfur Content","authors":"","doi":"10.3103/s0145875223060091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0145875223060091","url":null,"abstract":"<span> <h3>Abstract</h3> <p>A method of sample decompounding and silver sulfide precipitation for determination of the sulfur isotope composition using mass-spectrometry has been tested and improved. The analytics and methodology of preparing test samples for analysis are described and task variations are indicated. The validity of the developed method of sample preparation was verified by a comparative analysis of various methods in three laboratories using internationally certified rock standards.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":44391,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Geology Bulletin","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139766244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.3103/s0145875223040051
A. L. Dergachev, E. M. Shemyakina
Abstract
The transition towards low-carbon energy technologies based on renewable energy sources will be accompanied by an increasing demand for raw mineral materials in the coming decades. The goal of the present study was to define which metals and industrial minerals will play a critical role in scaled-up production of these technologies.
{"title":"Critical Mineral Materials for a Low-Carbon Energy System","authors":"A. L. Dergachev, E. M. Shemyakina","doi":"10.3103/s0145875223040051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0145875223040051","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The transition towards low-carbon energy technologies based on renewable energy sources will be accompanied by an increasing demand for raw mineral materials in the coming decades. The goal of the present study was to define which metals and industrial minerals will play a critical role in scaled-up production of these technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":44391,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Geology Bulletin","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138540863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.3103/s0145875223040099
E. V. Kononchenko, A. B. Petrash, S. O. Grinevskiy
Abstract
An example of unconventional application of mathematical modeling is presented, where groundwater table regime data is considered as a verification object. A set of models has been developed for the site where sources of pollution are located. The models describe such processes as precipitation transformation on the earth surface, unsaturated flow in vadose zone and groundwater flow. Based on modeling results the variation amplitudes of groundwater levels measured at monitoring wells and annual groundwater recharge have been proved and inconsistent monitoring data have been revealed.
{"title":"Model Verification of Groundwater Table Monitoring Data","authors":"E. V. Kononchenko, A. B. Petrash, S. O. Grinevskiy","doi":"10.3103/s0145875223040099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0145875223040099","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>An example of unconventional application of mathematical modeling is presented, where groundwater table regime data is considered as a verification object. A set of models has been developed for the site where sources of pollution are located. The models describe such processes as precipitation transformation on the earth surface, unsaturated flow in vadose zone and groundwater flow. Based on modeling results the variation amplitudes of groundwater levels measured at monitoring wells and annual groundwater recharge have been proved and inconsistent monitoring data have been revealed.</p>","PeriodicalId":44391,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Geology Bulletin","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138540883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.3103/s0145875223040117
N. V. Pravikova, M. V. Korotaev, K. F. Startseva, M. O. Belyaev, A. M. Nikishin
Abstract
A kinematic model has been built for the seismic profile traversing the Pegtymel inverted rift (Chukchi Sea). Three main stages of rift formation have been identified: 125–34, 34–20, and 20–0 Ma. The identified stages are compared with the geological evolution of the Eastern Arctic.
{"title":"The Evolution of the Pegtymel Inverted Rift Based on the Results of Kinematic Reconstruction (Chukchi Sea)","authors":"N. V. Pravikova, M. V. Korotaev, K. F. Startseva, M. O. Belyaev, A. M. Nikishin","doi":"10.3103/s0145875223040117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3103/s0145875223040117","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A kinematic model has been built for the seismic profile traversing the Pegtymel inverted rift (Chukchi Sea). Three main stages of rift formation have been identified: 125–34, 34–20, and 20–0 Ma. The identified stages are compared with the geological evolution of the Eastern Arctic.</p>","PeriodicalId":44391,"journal":{"name":"Moscow University Geology Bulletin","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138540885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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