Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1109/YEF-ECE55092.2022.9849994
Pedro Monteiro, Luís Oliveira, João Casaleiro
Random generators systems have the capacity to generate cryptographic keys which, when mixed with the information, hide it in an efficient and timely manner. There are two categories of RNG, being truly random (TRNG) or pseudorandom (PRNG). To study the entropy source based on the noise of an oscillator, and to achieve that, an RNG circuit was designed to have a low power consumption, a high randomness and a low cost and area usage. The chosen architecture for this paper is a hybrid RNG, which uses oscillators and a chaotic circuit to generate the random bits. With the simulation of the circuit, it was found to be at the objectives mark, having a low power consumption of 1.19 mW, a high throughput of 25 Mbit/s and an energy per bit of 47.6 pJ/bit. However, due to limitations with the simulation, it wasn’t possible to run all the statistical tests, although all the ran tests were passed.
{"title":"True Random Number Generator Implemented in 130 nm CMOS Nanotechnology","authors":"Pedro Monteiro, Luís Oliveira, João Casaleiro","doi":"10.1109/YEF-ECE55092.2022.9849994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/YEF-ECE55092.2022.9849994","url":null,"abstract":"Random generators systems have the capacity to generate cryptographic keys which, when mixed with the information, hide it in an efficient and timely manner. There are two categories of RNG, being truly random (TRNG) or pseudorandom (PRNG). To study the entropy source based on the noise of an oscillator, and to achieve that, an RNG circuit was designed to have a low power consumption, a high randomness and a low cost and area usage. The chosen architecture for this paper is a hybrid RNG, which uses oscillators and a chaotic circuit to generate the random bits. With the simulation of the circuit, it was found to be at the objectives mark, having a low power consumption of 1.19 mW, a high throughput of 25 Mbit/s and an energy per bit of 47.6 pJ/bit. However, due to limitations with the simulation, it wasn’t possible to run all the statistical tests, although all the ran tests were passed.","PeriodicalId":444021,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Young Engineers Forum (YEF-ECE)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122615583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1109/YEF-ECE55092.2022.9850131
Ana C. Santos, Andrea Barrancos, Luís Filipe Soldado Granadeiro Rosado, F. Janeiro
A low-cost coating thickness gauge based on Eddy Current Testing (ECT) is reported in this paper. This measurement system employs a Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) to generate pure sinusoidal stimulus applied to a measurement coil whose impedance varies with the measured coating thickness. The coil current and voltage are digitally acquired using an ARM Cortex M4F microcontroller where sine-fitting digital signal processing algorithms are applied to estimate the coil inductance and resistivity at different operation frequencies. Post-processing implements a simple multi-frequency estimate algorithm providing accuracy improvements around 10% when compared with the use of a single frequency.
{"title":"Low-Cost Multi-Frequency Eddy Current Coating Thickness Measurement System","authors":"Ana C. Santos, Andrea Barrancos, Luís Filipe Soldado Granadeiro Rosado, F. Janeiro","doi":"10.1109/YEF-ECE55092.2022.9850131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/YEF-ECE55092.2022.9850131","url":null,"abstract":"A low-cost coating thickness gauge based on Eddy Current Testing (ECT) is reported in this paper. This measurement system employs a Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) to generate pure sinusoidal stimulus applied to a measurement coil whose impedance varies with the measured coating thickness. The coil current and voltage are digitally acquired using an ARM Cortex M4F microcontroller where sine-fitting digital signal processing algorithms are applied to estimate the coil inductance and resistivity at different operation frequencies. Post-processing implements a simple multi-frequency estimate algorithm providing accuracy improvements around 10% when compared with the use of a single frequency.","PeriodicalId":444021,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Young Engineers Forum (YEF-ECE)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115368403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1109/YEF-ECE55092.2022.9850155
Martim Vieira, J. Matos-Carvalho, S. D. Correia, Rui Manuel Tavares
With the wide adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, controller modules have become increasingly smaller and cheaper, allowing their use for a broader range of applications. This paper approaches the design and demonstration of a Targeting system commonly implemented with the help of cabling systems (reading sensors nearby), here replaced by an IoT solution. To fulfill the proposed objective, a Wemos D1 Mini module integrated with a smartphone that gives control of the network to the user is combined to create an airsoft target system that is easily controlled via a smartphone in a dynamic environment. When the target is hit, it communicates the event back to the smartphone to give it back to the user. In turn, the smartphone will control different game modes and send commands back to the targets. The microcontroller on the target’s side will acquire information from sensors and transmit these readings back to the smartphone. The solution approach is wireless and includes batteries that provide sufficient energy for the game’s duration.
{"title":"IoT Based Targeting System - Airsoft Use-Case","authors":"Martim Vieira, J. Matos-Carvalho, S. D. Correia, Rui Manuel Tavares","doi":"10.1109/YEF-ECE55092.2022.9850155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/YEF-ECE55092.2022.9850155","url":null,"abstract":"With the wide adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, controller modules have become increasingly smaller and cheaper, allowing their use for a broader range of applications. This paper approaches the design and demonstration of a Targeting system commonly implemented with the help of cabling systems (reading sensors nearby), here replaced by an IoT solution. To fulfill the proposed objective, a Wemos D1 Mini module integrated with a smartphone that gives control of the network to the user is combined to create an airsoft target system that is easily controlled via a smartphone in a dynamic environment. When the target is hit, it communicates the event back to the smartphone to give it back to the user. In turn, the smartphone will control different game modes and send commands back to the targets. The microcontroller on the target’s side will acquire information from sensors and transmit these readings back to the smartphone. The solution approach is wireless and includes batteries that provide sufficient energy for the game’s duration.","PeriodicalId":444021,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Young Engineers Forum (YEF-ECE)","volume":"93 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120818949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1109/yef-ece55092.2022.9850147
{"title":"YEF-ECE 2022 Cover Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/yef-ece55092.2022.9850147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/yef-ece55092.2022.9850147","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":444021,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Young Engineers Forum (YEF-ECE)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122638253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1109/yef-ece55092.2022.9850054
{"title":"YEF-ECE 2022 Author Index","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/yef-ece55092.2022.9850054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/yef-ece55092.2022.9850054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":444021,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Young Engineers Forum (YEF-ECE)","volume":"70 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125484936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1109/YEF-ECE55092.2022.9850218
D. Santos, Luís Brito Palma, Vasco Brito
This paper is focused on the development of a new cyber-physical system pertaining a freight lift (elevator) prototype. A simulator of the physical component of the prototype was also developed, joined by a graphical user interface which can be used for controlling and monitoring both the real and virtual prototypes, acting as a digital Human-Machine Interface. The main contributions are: a) a new physical lift (elevator) prototype for demonstration of cyber-physical systems; b) a robust automation/control system with multiple upgrade options for future projects, according to industrial specifications; c) a simulator that can be used as a teaching tool for future automation/control students. The experimental results prove the overall good performance of the developed cyber-physical elevator prototype.
{"title":"Simulation and Control of a Cyber-Physical Elevator Prototype","authors":"D. Santos, Luís Brito Palma, Vasco Brito","doi":"10.1109/YEF-ECE55092.2022.9850218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/YEF-ECE55092.2022.9850218","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is focused on the development of a new cyber-physical system pertaining a freight lift (elevator) prototype. A simulator of the physical component of the prototype was also developed, joined by a graphical user interface which can be used for controlling and monitoring both the real and virtual prototypes, acting as a digital Human-Machine Interface. The main contributions are: a) a new physical lift (elevator) prototype for demonstration of cyber-physical systems; b) a robust automation/control system with multiple upgrade options for future projects, according to industrial specifications; c) a simulator that can be used as a teaching tool for future automation/control students. The experimental results prove the overall good performance of the developed cyber-physical elevator prototype.","PeriodicalId":444021,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Young Engineers Forum (YEF-ECE)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133909835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1109/YEF-ECE55092.2022.9850152
Ricardo Santos, J. Matos-Carvalho, Slavisa Tomic, M. Beko, S. D. Correia
In this work, a novel algorithm based on machine learning to tackle the navigation problem of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in satellite-less surroundings is presented. The proposed network is trained by exploiting the outputs of a Generalized Trust Region Sub-problem (GTRS) method, after which a deep Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model is applied to predict the drone’s position. We present here our preliminary findings which indicate high potential and utility of machine learning tools for the problem of interest. More precisely, the results reveal improved accuracy, while matching the execution time of the GTRS method. Moreover, the proposed method also reveals lower susceptibility to noise; in practice, these two factors combined can be the difference between the UAV colliding with an obstacle or not.
{"title":"Applying Deep Neural Networks to Improve UAV Navigation in Satellite-less Environments","authors":"Ricardo Santos, J. Matos-Carvalho, Slavisa Tomic, M. Beko, S. D. Correia","doi":"10.1109/YEF-ECE55092.2022.9850152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/YEF-ECE55092.2022.9850152","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a novel algorithm based on machine learning to tackle the navigation problem of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in satellite-less surroundings is presented. The proposed network is trained by exploiting the outputs of a Generalized Trust Region Sub-problem (GTRS) method, after which a deep Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model is applied to predict the drone’s position. We present here our preliminary findings which indicate high potential and utility of machine learning tools for the problem of interest. More precisely, the results reveal improved accuracy, while matching the execution time of the GTRS method. Moreover, the proposed method also reveals lower susceptibility to noise; in practice, these two factors combined can be the difference between the UAV colliding with an obstacle or not.","PeriodicalId":444021,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Young Engineers Forum (YEF-ECE)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123370786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1109/YEF-ECE55092.2022.9850210
Victor Lisnic, Filipa Ferrada, P. Correia
Agriculture is an industry that is essential for the food supply for the world population. Although this industry is so important, there are many challenges associated with it, such as the pollution/waste present in the agricultural practices and the aging of the farmers. The application of technological solutions can provide a way to solve these challenges, by retrieving data from the physical environment, based on which future decisions can be taken, using actuators. The goal of this work is to present an architecture through which the different layers can communicate with each other’s, and then based on this architecture develop a system that can help monitor the agricultural fields. The project is applied in a controlled environment (a greenhouse), and the objective is to verify both the waste of water within the cultures, and if there are benefits in changing the plastics used on top of the soil in terms of production, from the traditional one (black), to a plastic that is white and thicker.
{"title":"Proposal of an IoT Architecture for Greenhouse Monitoring","authors":"Victor Lisnic, Filipa Ferrada, P. Correia","doi":"10.1109/YEF-ECE55092.2022.9850210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/YEF-ECE55092.2022.9850210","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is an industry that is essential for the food supply for the world population. Although this industry is so important, there are many challenges associated with it, such as the pollution/waste present in the agricultural practices and the aging of the farmers. The application of technological solutions can provide a way to solve these challenges, by retrieving data from the physical environment, based on which future decisions can be taken, using actuators. The goal of this work is to present an architecture through which the different layers can communicate with each other’s, and then based on this architecture develop a system that can help monitor the agricultural fields. The project is applied in a controlled environment (a greenhouse), and the objective is to verify both the waste of water within the cultures, and if there are benefits in changing the plastics used on top of the soil in terms of production, from the traditional one (black), to a plastic that is white and thicker.","PeriodicalId":444021,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Young Engineers Forum (YEF-ECE)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133504427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1109/YEF-ECE55092.2022.9850048
Guilherme Santos, J. Pina, Ricardo Belem
This paper aims to evaluate the potential of integrating Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology into a golf course, together with a self-consumption Photovoltaic (PV) system, by using the surplus generated energy to charge the golf buggies and later discharging it according to the course needs. The Dom Pedro Golf Course, located in the south of Portugal, is used as a case study. Its PV system compromises 244 solar panels with 97.6 kWp total, and a predicted annual first-year generation of 176.70 MWh and 9.34 MWh of surplus, that the buggies could discharge through V2G technology. With these integrated technologies, the first year of investment results includes 87% Performance Ratio (PR), 100% of Self-Consumption Ratio (SCR), and 35% Self-Sufficiency Ratio (SSR), while the Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) of the V2G technology alone for the whole considered investment horizon of ten years is 1.79. An economic assessment of the project showed that results followed the same positive trend, with a Net Present Value (NPV) of 50,353.42€, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 13%, a Payback Period (PP) of seven years, and a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of 0.1315 €/kWh, suggesting a beneficial and feasible result for the investment period.
本文旨在评估将汽车到电网(V2G)技术与自用光伏(PV)系统整合到高尔夫球场的潜力，利用产生的剩余能量为高尔夫球车充电，然后根据球场需要进行放电。位于葡萄牙南部的Dom Pedro高尔夫球场被用作案例研究。其光伏系统包括244块太阳能电池板，总容量为97.6 kWp，预计第一年的年发电量为176.70 MWh，剩余电量为9.34 MWh，可通过V2G技术排放。通过这些集成技术，第一年的投资结果包括87%的Performance Ratio (PR)， 100%的Self-Consumption Ratio (SCR)和35%的Self-Sufficiency Ratio (SSR)，而仅V2G技术在整个考虑的十年投资期限内的效益成本比(BCR)为1.79。对该项目的经济评估表明，结果也遵循了同样的积极趋势，净现值(NPV)为50353.42欧元，内部收益率(IRR)为13%，投资回收期(PP)为7年，能源平准化成本(LCOE)为0.1315欧元/千瓦时，表明投资期内的结果是有益和可行的。
{"title":"B2G (Buggy-to-Grid): Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) concept in microgrids with strong penetration of electric vehicles","authors":"Guilherme Santos, J. Pina, Ricardo Belem","doi":"10.1109/YEF-ECE55092.2022.9850048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/YEF-ECE55092.2022.9850048","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to evaluate the potential of integrating Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology into a golf course, together with a self-consumption Photovoltaic (PV) system, by using the surplus generated energy to charge the golf buggies and later discharging it according to the course needs. The Dom Pedro Golf Course, located in the south of Portugal, is used as a case study. Its PV system compromises 244 solar panels with 97.6 kWp total, and a predicted annual first-year generation of 176.70 MWh and 9.34 MWh of surplus, that the buggies could discharge through V2G technology. With these integrated technologies, the first year of investment results includes 87% Performance Ratio (PR), 100% of Self-Consumption Ratio (SCR), and 35% Self-Sufficiency Ratio (SSR), while the Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) of the V2G technology alone for the whole considered investment horizon of ten years is 1.79. An economic assessment of the project showed that results followed the same positive trend, with a Net Present Value (NPV) of 50,353.42€, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 13%, a Payback Period (PP) of seven years, and a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of 0.1315 €/kWh, suggesting a beneficial and feasible result for the investment period.","PeriodicalId":444021,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Young Engineers Forum (YEF-ECE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121586805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1109/YEF-ECE55092.2022.9850114
João Madeira, João Guerreiro, R. Dinis
In the current technological era, 5G and 6G mobile networks are trusted to provide crucial services for our daily lives and society as a whole. Therefore, these technologies must be resilient to potential security breaches by malicious users. In fact, due to the nature of wireless communications, the signal transmitted between legitimate users can be listened to by any other non legitimate user, which can be exploited by a passive eavesdropping user to steal data. It is therefore desirable to employ transmission techniques that provide a Physical Layer security (PLS) to reduce the effectiveness of an eavesdropper attack.The effectiveness of the PLS techniques should be accessed in a practical communication scenario using real hardware. However, the development of a Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) transceiver can be significantly expensive. Alternatively, the algorithms can be implemented in a Software Defined Radio (SDR) platform, which allows for a cheaper and faster development of custom signal processing algorithms. In this work, we seek to answer the research question "Can a wireless system that utilizes channel information for PLS, be implemented efficiently in an SDR platform?", showing that such a system can be easily and efficiently implemented using modern SDR peripherals and the Gnuradio development framework. It is demonstrated that the proposed prototype achieves excellent levels of PLS, while maintaining a high data rate.
{"title":"A Software Defined Radio Implementation of Physical Layer Security Using MIMO-SVD","authors":"João Madeira, João Guerreiro, R. Dinis","doi":"10.1109/YEF-ECE55092.2022.9850114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/YEF-ECE55092.2022.9850114","url":null,"abstract":"In the current technological era, 5G and 6G mobile networks are trusted to provide crucial services for our daily lives and society as a whole. Therefore, these technologies must be resilient to potential security breaches by malicious users. In fact, due to the nature of wireless communications, the signal transmitted between legitimate users can be listened to by any other non legitimate user, which can be exploited by a passive eavesdropping user to steal data. It is therefore desirable to employ transmission techniques that provide a Physical Layer security (PLS) to reduce the effectiveness of an eavesdropper attack.The effectiveness of the PLS techniques should be accessed in a practical communication scenario using real hardware. However, the development of a Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) transceiver can be significantly expensive. Alternatively, the algorithms can be implemented in a Software Defined Radio (SDR) platform, which allows for a cheaper and faster development of custom signal processing algorithms. In this work, we seek to answer the research question \"Can a wireless system that utilizes channel information for PLS, be implemented efficiently in an SDR platform?\", showing that such a system can be easily and efficiently implemented using modern SDR peripherals and the Gnuradio development framework. It is demonstrated that the proposed prototype achieves excellent levels of PLS, while maintaining a high data rate.","PeriodicalId":444021,"journal":{"name":"2022 International Young Engineers Forum (YEF-ECE)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125484140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：