Abstract In the literature, analysing job adverts is considered to be a credible method for collecting data about the real demand for employees with higher education. Studies on the demand for teachers based on this data source have been conducted in many countries, but never in Poland. On this basis, the research objective was to identify regional and temporal changes in the demand for geography teachers. As part of the study we tracked all job adverts addressed to geography teachers which were published online over a period of nearly two years. It turned out there were 3,438 such job vacancies in Poland, which included part-time and full-time positions. The study results indicated vast temporal and regional differences in the demand for teachers, and also a clear imbalance in the demand for geographers between Warsaw – the capital city – and the rest of the country. It should be highlighted that both the methodology and the results presented in the paper are pioneering.
{"title":"Regional and temporal changes in demand for geography teachers in Poland. Results of job advert tracking in the years 2019–2020","authors":"Danuta Piróg, A. Hibszer","doi":"10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the literature, analysing job adverts is considered to be a credible method for collecting data about the real demand for employees with higher education. Studies on the demand for teachers based on this data source have been conducted in many countries, but never in Poland. On this basis, the research objective was to identify regional and temporal changes in the demand for geography teachers. As part of the study we tracked all job adverts addressed to geography teachers which were published online over a period of nearly two years. It turned out there were 3,438 such job vacancies in Poland, which included part-time and full-time positions. The study results indicated vast temporal and regional differences in the demand for teachers, and also a clear imbalance in the demand for geographers between Warsaw – the capital city – and the rest of the country. It should be highlighted that both the methodology and the results presented in the paper are pioneering.","PeriodicalId":44469,"journal":{"name":"Miscellanea Geographica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82190086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Monitoring land use efficiency (LUE) is of great importance for the sustainable development of each country. The identification of regions where land consumption prevails over demographic growth should prompt public administrations to act and establish a recovery programme. This paper took Europe as the research area, and CORINE Land Cover and statistical population data to assess changes and spatial diversity of the LUE status from 2006 to 2018. Results show that, during the 2006–2012 period, LUE was more diversified than in 2012–2018. The differences concern both values of the indicator and the spatial differentiation between regions. Between 2012 and 2018, the number of countries moving towards efficient land use doubled compared to 2006–2012. Great progress towards achieving SDG 11.3.1 was seen in Portugal and Germany, and almost all Balkan countries are moving towards more efficient land use.
{"title":"Towards sustainable development exemplified by monitoring land use efficiency in Europe using SDG 11.3.1","authors":"E. Bielecka, B. Całka","doi":"10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Monitoring land use efficiency (LUE) is of great importance for the sustainable development of each country. The identification of regions where land consumption prevails over demographic growth should prompt public administrations to act and establish a recovery programme. This paper took Europe as the research area, and CORINE Land Cover and statistical population data to assess changes and spatial diversity of the LUE status from 2006 to 2018. Results show that, during the 2006–2012 period, LUE was more diversified than in 2012–2018. The differences concern both values of the indicator and the spatial differentiation between regions. Between 2012 and 2018, the number of countries moving towards efficient land use doubled compared to 2006–2012. Great progress towards achieving SDG 11.3.1 was seen in Portugal and Germany, and almost all Balkan countries are moving towards more efficient land use.","PeriodicalId":44469,"journal":{"name":"Miscellanea Geographica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85831801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article analyses the variability of the number of mobile phone network users in and around the Białowieża National Park during the summer holidays in 2019 and 2020 based on Call Detail Records. The data collected was used to analyse the mobility of Poles in the study area during the SARS CoV 2 pandemic. The research shows that despite the area's peripheral location and the prevailing pandemic, the number of users of the mobile network in the summer of 2020 increased compared with 2019 – by 20.2% in July and 14.3% in August. The increase in users logged in results from the increased number of tourists who were looking for remote places that could afford them some protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the summer of 2020.
{"title":"Variability of mobile phone network logins in the Białowieża National Park during the 2019 and 2020 summer holiday periods in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Łukasz Zbucki","doi":"10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article analyses the variability of the number of mobile phone network users in and around the Białowieża National Park during the summer holidays in 2019 and 2020 based on Call Detail Records. The data collected was used to analyse the mobility of Poles in the study area during the SARS CoV 2 pandemic. The research shows that despite the area's peripheral location and the prevailing pandemic, the number of users of the mobile network in the summer of 2020 increased compared with 2019 – by 20.2% in July and 14.3% in August. The increase in users logged in results from the increased number of tourists who were looking for remote places that could afford them some protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the summer of 2020.","PeriodicalId":44469,"journal":{"name":"Miscellanea Geographica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87255184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farzaneh Janakipour, Moslem Zarghamfard, A. Hajisharifi, Robab Hoseinzadeh
Abstract Increasing urbanization, a massive migration to the big cities, and an imbalance between supply and demand for housing have introduced a housing shortage over the past few decades. The housing issue in Iran has been addressed through government housing provision and development programs. A brief review of the government's policies on development programs shows that government-based and market-based approaches are the two main types in the housing sector. Although the government initially had a primary role in housing provision, this responsibility was gradually transferred to the private sector, but without a proper balance between housing supply and demand. In this article, we will explore the different housing policies and examine the successes and failures of each one.
{"title":"The Iranian Housing System under the Islamic Republic Government (1990–2021)","authors":"Farzaneh Janakipour, Moslem Zarghamfard, A. Hajisharifi, Robab Hoseinzadeh","doi":"10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Increasing urbanization, a massive migration to the big cities, and an imbalance between supply and demand for housing have introduced a housing shortage over the past few decades. The housing issue in Iran has been addressed through government housing provision and development programs. A brief review of the government's policies on development programs shows that government-based and market-based approaches are the two main types in the housing sector. Although the government initially had a primary role in housing provision, this responsibility was gradually transferred to the private sector, but without a proper balance between housing supply and demand. In this article, we will explore the different housing policies and examine the successes and failures of each one.","PeriodicalId":44469,"journal":{"name":"Miscellanea Geographica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74319826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The main goal of this paper is to empirically examine the effects of related and unrelated variety on per employee income in Polish NUTS 2 regions, and the resulting income inequality. The study is based on regional panel data for the 2003–2018 period using the GMM estimator system. The positive effect of related variety on per employee income and the negative effect of unrelated variety on per employee income are reported. Our simulation results show that regional income inequality could be reduced by promoting related variety in eastern regions of the country.
{"title":"Related versus unrelated variety and per employee income regional disparities: A case of Polish regions","authors":"A. Cieślik, T. Misiak","doi":"10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main goal of this paper is to empirically examine the effects of related and unrelated variety on per employee income in Polish NUTS 2 regions, and the resulting income inequality. The study is based on regional panel data for the 2003–2018 period using the GMM estimator system. The positive effect of related variety on per employee income and the negative effect of unrelated variety on per employee income are reported. Our simulation results show that regional income inequality could be reduced by promoting related variety in eastern regions of the country.","PeriodicalId":44469,"journal":{"name":"Miscellanea Geographica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74461821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The study presents the long-term and annual trends in atmospheric circulation over southern Poland for the period 1874–2020. The analysis takes into account both the type of atmospheric circulation, and the types of air mass and atmospheric fronts. The study showed that there has been a noticeable decrease in the frequency of anticyclonic types of circulation and of air advection from the west and east, and a slight increase in advection from the south, as well as the presence of anticyclonic centres and cyclonic troughs. The research also found considerable changes in the frequency of the presence of polar air and of stationary and occluded fronts, as well as of days with several fronts moving over the study area.
{"title":"Long-term changes in circulation conditions over southern Poland for the period 1874–2020","authors":"Zuzanna Bielec-Bąkowska","doi":"10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study presents the long-term and annual trends in atmospheric circulation over southern Poland for the period 1874–2020. The analysis takes into account both the type of atmospheric circulation, and the types of air mass and atmospheric fronts. The study showed that there has been a noticeable decrease in the frequency of anticyclonic types of circulation and of air advection from the west and east, and a slight increase in advection from the south, as well as the presence of anticyclonic centres and cyclonic troughs. The research also found considerable changes in the frequency of the presence of polar air and of stationary and occluded fronts, as well as of days with several fronts moving over the study area.","PeriodicalId":44469,"journal":{"name":"Miscellanea Geographica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80662610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The surge-type Uisu glacier and its forefield in the Tajik part of Eastern Pamir are described. To this end, 1977–2019 Landsat satellite imagery, the DEM, and a high-resolution orthophotomap were used, and detailed geomorphological mapping was carried out. The results show that the present-day position of the terminus of the studied glacier results from a surge that occurred before 1947. Currently, the glacier is losing mass. However, despite the visible characteristics of its thawing, the extent of the terminal zone has remained stable for several decades. Outside the glacier, there are no glacial landforms. This indicates that advances of surging glaciers may not create any surge-diagnostic features in their forefields. On the other hand, the genesis and interactions of landforms can reveal glacier surge, even in the absence of terminal and lateral glacial landforms.
{"title":"Surge-type Uisu glacier and its undisturbed forefield relief, Eastern Pamir, Tajikistan","authors":"B. Gądek, E. Rojan, M. Suska-Malawska","doi":"10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The surge-type Uisu glacier and its forefield in the Tajik part of Eastern Pamir are described. To this end, 1977–2019 Landsat satellite imagery, the DEM, and a high-resolution orthophotomap were used, and detailed geomorphological mapping was carried out. The results show that the present-day position of the terminus of the studied glacier results from a surge that occurred before 1947. Currently, the glacier is losing mass. However, despite the visible characteristics of its thawing, the extent of the terminal zone has remained stable for several decades. Outside the glacier, there are no glacial landforms. This indicates that advances of surging glaciers may not create any surge-diagnostic features in their forefields. On the other hand, the genesis and interactions of landforms can reveal glacier surge, even in the absence of terminal and lateral glacial landforms.","PeriodicalId":44469,"journal":{"name":"Miscellanea Geographica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85758940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper analyzes Israel’s changing understanding of its geostrategic posture from its establishment in 1948 to the current era. It starts by reviewing traditional Israeli geostrategic ideas and their implementation, mostly, as reflected in the nation’s national security doctrine. The paper then investigates the effect of Israel’s territorial expansion after 1967 on Israeli ideas about geostrategy. Finally, the paper shows how changing global, regional, and technological variables in the last two decades have transformed how Israeli elites understand their geostrategic realities and how they allocate resources in response to these changing conditions.
{"title":"Israel’s changing geostrategic posture","authors":"Ehud Eiran","doi":"10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper analyzes Israel’s changing understanding of its geostrategic posture from its establishment in 1948 to the current era. It starts by reviewing traditional Israeli geostrategic ideas and their implementation, mostly, as reflected in the nation’s national security doctrine. The paper then investigates the effect of Israel’s territorial expansion after 1967 on Israeli ideas about geostrategy. Finally, the paper shows how changing global, regional, and technological variables in the last two decades have transformed how Israeli elites understand their geostrategic realities and how they allocate resources in response to these changing conditions.","PeriodicalId":44469,"journal":{"name":"Miscellanea Geographica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81267051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Rudolf Kjellén (1864–1922) discusses the birth, death, and possible rebirth of the state as a ‘living organism’. His concept of the nation, based on Renan, as a voluntary community is linked to the attainment of statehood. Poland is an example in this discussion, beginning in his book Stormakterna – The Great Powers – in 1905, with the nation under subjugation by three of these powers, continuing with his Staten som lifsform in 1916 where the possibility of rebirth is in sight, and finalized in 1920 in questioning the future of the world geopolitical order. His writings also include statements on the vulnerability of borders, the need for domestic autarky, and, on the problems of territorial autonomy, discussions of importance for the post-World War I geopolitical history of Poland; but these have mostly been neglected by post-World War II discourses. The aim of this article is to analyse how Poland's geopolitical situation is reflected in the viewpoints of Rudolf Kjellén against the background of the historical, spatial development of the Polish state and Polish ethnicity.
Rudolf kjell(1864-1922)讨论了作为一个“活的有机体”的国家的诞生、死亡和可能的重生。他的民族概念，以勒南为基础，是一个自愿的社区，与国家的实现联系在一起。波兰就是这种讨论的一个例子，从他1905年的著作《大国》(Stormakterna - The Great Powers)开始，这个国家被其中三个大国所征服，接着是1916年的《重生的可能性》(Staten som lifsform)， 1920年在质疑世界地缘政治秩序的未来时结束。他的著作还包括关于边界脆弱性的陈述，国内自给自足的需要，以及关于领土自治问题的讨论，对第一次世界大战后波兰地缘政治历史的重要性;但这些大多被二战后的话语所忽视。本文的目的是在波兰国家和波兰民族的历史、空间发展的背景下，分析波兰的地缘政治局势如何反映在鲁道夫·凯尔萨姆的观点中。
{"title":"The geopolitics of territorial relativity. Poland seen by Rudolf Kjellén","authors":"T. Lundén","doi":"10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Rudolf Kjellén (1864–1922) discusses the birth, death, and possible rebirth of the state as a ‘living organism’. His concept of the nation, based on Renan, as a voluntary community is linked to the attainment of statehood. Poland is an example in this discussion, beginning in his book Stormakterna – The Great Powers – in 1905, with the nation under subjugation by three of these powers, continuing with his Staten som lifsform in 1916 where the possibility of rebirth is in sight, and finalized in 1920 in questioning the future of the world geopolitical order. His writings also include statements on the vulnerability of borders, the need for domestic autarky, and, on the problems of territorial autonomy, discussions of importance for the post-World War I geopolitical history of Poland; but these have mostly been neglected by post-World War II discourses. The aim of this article is to analyse how Poland's geopolitical situation is reflected in the viewpoints of Rudolf Kjellén against the background of the historical, spatial development of the Polish state and Polish ethnicity.","PeriodicalId":44469,"journal":{"name":"Miscellanea Geographica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74116284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract European integration is obviously impeded by the national and nation-state idea that is still vigorous and motivates European Union (EU) member states’ refusals to cede powers to the EU or subnational levels. Recent events like the global economic crisis, the Euro crisis, the migration crisis and the coronavirus pandemic have, however, demonstrated that it is not just the national idea and the nation state that appear to seriously hinder further integration, but that fundamental differences in cultural attitudes in different parts of Europe are also responsible. They can be traced back to earlier periods of history and a Europe that consisted of parts with very divergent economic, social and political attitudes. These disparities are difficult to equalize. The article highlights Europe's major cultural differentiation processes in history, hints at their current traces in economic, social and political attitudes and relates those attitudes to problems in European integration.
{"title":"Europe's cultural diversity as a problem for European integration","authors":"Peter Jordan","doi":"10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract European integration is obviously impeded by the national and nation-state idea that is still vigorous and motivates European Union (EU) member states’ refusals to cede powers to the EU or subnational levels. Recent events like the global economic crisis, the Euro crisis, the migration crisis and the coronavirus pandemic have, however, demonstrated that it is not just the national idea and the nation state that appear to seriously hinder further integration, but that fundamental differences in cultural attitudes in different parts of Europe are also responsible. They can be traced back to earlier periods of history and a Europe that consisted of parts with very divergent economic, social and political attitudes. These disparities are difficult to equalize. The article highlights Europe's major cultural differentiation processes in history, hints at their current traces in economic, social and political attitudes and relates those attitudes to problems in European integration.","PeriodicalId":44469,"journal":{"name":"Miscellanea Geographica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75640757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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