As government publications have shifted from print to electronic, mechanisms for guaranteeing the public's right to access government information have not kept pace. Because legal resources are among the publications most at risk of loss, law libraries should participate in efforts to ensure that born-digital government information remains freely available to all.
{"title":"Law Libraries and the Future of Public Access to Born-Digital Government Information","authors":"Rebecca Kunkel","doi":"10.7282/T3-KWF5-2195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7282/T3-KWF5-2195","url":null,"abstract":"As government publications have shifted from print to electronic, mechanisms for guaranteeing the public's right to access government information have not kept pace. Because legal resources are among the publications most at risk of loss, law libraries should participate in efforts to ensure that born-digital government information remains freely available to all.","PeriodicalId":44477,"journal":{"name":"Law Library Journal","volume":"109 1","pages":"67-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71383868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Law libraries play a crucial role in facilitating access to legal materials, which is a necessary prerequisite to achieving access to justice. However, many academic law libraries, particularly at private law schools, are closed to members of the general public. This paper explores the access policies at law libraries at the top 25 law schools and in the three largest metropolitan areas to investigate whether members of the general public who live in these areas have adequate access to legal materials. This paper also includes a case study of the Seattle area to offer insight into how members of the general public in Seattle can obtain access to legal materials. This paper proposes introducing legal research clinics and restructuring advanced legal research courses at both public and private law schools to help address unmet legal needs and to provide students with public service opportunities. The success of both proposals hinges on the willingness of law librarians to oversee the legal research clinics and to teach the advanced legal research classes. Both proposals will help law schools comply with ABA Standards 303 and 304, which go into effect beginning with the 2016-17 academic year. Implementation of these proposals will also improve the image and reputation of law schools and the legal profession, better equip law students with necessary legal research and writing skills before they graduate, and reduce the amount of unmet legal needs in communities.
{"title":"'Are You a Member of the Law School Community?': Access Policies at Academic Law Libraries and Access to Justice","authors":"Sarah Reis","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2798665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2798665","url":null,"abstract":"Law libraries play a crucial role in facilitating access to legal materials, which is a necessary prerequisite to achieving access to justice. However, many academic law libraries, particularly at private law schools, are closed to members of the general public. This paper explores the access policies at law libraries at the top 25 law schools and in the three largest metropolitan areas to investigate whether members of the general public who live in these areas have adequate access to legal materials. This paper also includes a case study of the Seattle area to offer insight into how members of the general public in Seattle can obtain access to legal materials. This paper proposes introducing legal research clinics and restructuring advanced legal research courses at both public and private law schools to help address unmet legal needs and to provide students with public service opportunities. The success of both proposals hinges on the willingness of law librarians to oversee the legal research clinics and to teach the advanced legal research classes. Both proposals will help law schools comply with ABA Standards 303 and 304, which go into effect beginning with the 2016-17 academic year. Implementation of these proposals will also improve the image and reputation of law schools and the legal profession, better equip law students with necessary legal research and writing skills before they graduate, and reduce the amount of unmet legal needs in communities.","PeriodicalId":44477,"journal":{"name":"Law Library Journal","volume":"109 1","pages":"269-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68333553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With thirty-five percent of a new attorney’s time and over thirty percent of all attorneys’ time being spent conducting legal research, law schools cannot produce practice-ready graduates without significant legal research instruction. Although attorneys hiring new associates routinely report that new hires’ research skills are insufficient, most firms are unable or unwilling to take on the cost of preparing their new associates to perform the skills they are expected to perform as members of the legal profession. Furthermore, legal research is closely tied to each of the four competencies laid out by the ABA in Standard 301, which requires law schools to ensure that their graduates are ready to be effective, responsible members of the legal profession. Since overcrowded first year skills courses are usually the only mandatory law school course with any time spent on legal research instruction, most law schools cannot honestly state that they meet these requirements without a shift in the availability of legal research courses throughout all three years of law school. With most legal research courses already having significant experiential components, designating legal research courses as experiential would allow schools to both increase offerings in legal research and to meet the ABA’s newly-expanded six credit experiential course requirement for every student. When structured appropriately, stand-alone legal research courses clearly meet the requirements laid out in the simulation category of experiential courses.
{"title":"The Need for Experiential Legal Research Education","authors":"Alyson M. Drake","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2753172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2753172","url":null,"abstract":"With thirty-five percent of a new attorney’s time and over thirty percent of all attorneys’ time being spent conducting legal research, law schools cannot produce practice-ready graduates without significant legal research instruction. Although attorneys hiring new associates routinely report that new hires’ research skills are insufficient, most firms are unable or unwilling to take on the cost of preparing their new associates to perform the skills they are expected to perform as members of the legal profession. Furthermore, legal research is closely tied to each of the four competencies laid out by the ABA in Standard 301, which requires law schools to ensure that their graduates are ready to be effective, responsible members of the legal profession. Since overcrowded first year skills courses are usually the only mandatory law school course with any time spent on legal research instruction, most law schools cannot honestly state that they meet these requirements without a shift in the availability of legal research courses throughout all three years of law school. With most legal research courses already having significant experiential components, designating legal research courses as experiential would allow schools to both increase offerings in legal research and to meet the ABA’s newly-expanded six credit experiential course requirement for every student. When structured appropriately, stand-alone legal research courses clearly meet the requirements laid out in the simulation category of experiential courses.","PeriodicalId":44477,"journal":{"name":"Law Library Journal","volume":"108 1","pages":"511-533"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68290182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Legal History of the Civil War and Reconstruction: A Nation of Rights by Laura F. Edwards","authors":"J. Laws","doi":"10.1093/jahist/jav819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jav819","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44477,"journal":{"name":"Law Library Journal","volume":"108 1","pages":"292-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/jahist/jav819","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60956712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Historical debates demonstrated that knowledge monopoly is a key to a profession. This article explores the exclusive knowledge base of the law librarianship profession through the lens of the Data-Information-Knowledge- Wisdom (DIKW) paradigm
{"title":"Discovering the Knowledge Monopoly of Law Librarianship Under the DIKW Pyramid","authors":"Alex M. R. Zhang","doi":"10.31228/osf.io/8an2p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31228/osf.io/8an2p","url":null,"abstract":"Historical debates demonstrated that knowledge monopoly is a key to a profession. This article explores the exclusive knowledge base of the law librarianship profession through the lens of the Data-Information-Knowledge- Wisdom (DIKW) paradigm","PeriodicalId":44477,"journal":{"name":"Law Library Journal","volume":"108 1","pages":"599-622"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69639874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study analyzes the accuracy with which descriptions of subsequent negative treatment are applied by an online citator. While a system making use of a hierarchical controlled vocabulary applies these descriptions in a marginally more accurate way, the citator’s traditional role in legal research must be reconceptualized.
{"title":"Yellow Flag Fever: Describing Negative Legal Precedent in Citators","authors":"Aaron Kirschenfeld","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2630382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2630382","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes the accuracy with which descriptions of subsequent negative treatment are applied by an online citator. While a system making use of a hierarchical controlled vocabulary applies these descriptions in a marginally more accurate way, the citator’s traditional role in legal research must be reconceptualized.","PeriodicalId":44477,"journal":{"name":"Law Library Journal","volume":"108 1","pages":"77-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2139/SSRN.2630382","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68232025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
More than satisfying intellectual curiosity, surveys of law libraries can show how they support justice sector institutions, provide access to legal information, and give guidance for future development of libraries. This article investigates Rwanda’s law libraries, and their potential to contribute to the justice sector and overall society in Rwanda.
{"title":"A Survey of Law Libraries in Rwanda","authors":"B. Anderson","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2594935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2594935","url":null,"abstract":"More than satisfying intellectual curiosity, surveys of law libraries can show how they support justice sector institutions, provide access to legal information, and give guidance for future development of libraries. This article investigates Rwanda’s law libraries, and their potential to contribute to the justice sector and overall society in Rwanda.","PeriodicalId":44477,"journal":{"name":"Law Library Journal","volume":"107 1","pages":"225-239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68215987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The President routinely enters into international agreements with foreign states that circumvent the requirements in the Treaty Clause, leaving many researchers with a cloudy understanding of the international agreement-making process in the United States. In many instances, Congress has preauthorized the President to negotiate and conclude an international commitment. In others, the majority of both houses of Congress, rather than two-thirds of the Senate, approve of an international agreement. Even more troublingly, in the last half century, the United States has come to rely on yet another form of international agreements, called “political commitments,” that create nonlegally binding expectations and norms. These agreements are often made without congressional participation or knowledge. They are also not required to be published, further mystifying the international agreement-making process.This article sets out to explain variations in international agreement forms, focusing particularly on congressional involvement and authorization. In addition, this article provides advice on locating the text of the agreements, and advice on locating the acts that give the President’s agreements legal effect, when constitutionally required.
{"title":"Understanding the 'Other' International Agreements","authors":"R. Harrington","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2593997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2593997","url":null,"abstract":"The President routinely enters into international agreements with foreign states that circumvent the requirements in the Treaty Clause, leaving many researchers with a cloudy understanding of the international agreement-making process in the United States. In many instances, Congress has preauthorized the President to negotiate and conclude an international commitment. In others, the majority of both houses of Congress, rather than two-thirds of the Senate, approve of an international agreement. Even more troublingly, in the last half century, the United States has come to rely on yet another form of international agreements, called “political commitments,” that create nonlegally binding expectations and norms. These agreements are often made without congressional participation or knowledge. They are also not required to be published, further mystifying the international agreement-making process.This article sets out to explain variations in international agreement forms, focusing particularly on congressional involvement and authorization. In addition, this article provides advice on locating the text of the agreements, and advice on locating the acts that give the President’s agreements legal effect, when constitutionally required.","PeriodicalId":44477,"journal":{"name":"Law Library Journal","volume":"108 1","pages":"343-359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68215324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nearly all law library staff have encountered, and likely will encounter, some measure of challenging patron behavior. This white paper, dubbed by the authors a "grey paper" as it attempts to analyze and contend with a fundamentally dynamic phenomenon, was written at the request of the AALL RIPS-SIS Executive Board with the hope of providing a jumping off point for further inquiry and discussion on current best practices in managing difficult, challenging or disruptive patron behavior in law libraries. In lieu of a traditional white paper solution, the authors have included a collection of best practices largely developed based on common themes which emerged from a 2014 online survey of law library staff; follow-up correspondence with several survey respondents; and a review of case law and relevant literature within law librarianship and other fields. The solutions to the problems of disruptive patron interactions can most nearly be found by providing a library atmosphere of safety for patrons and staff; equality in the staff treatment of all library patrons; consistency and predictability in staff responses accomplished by flexibility not rigidity; and communication and transparency of both policies and service limitations. This paper provides practical strategies for attaining that ideal.
{"title":"Managing Disruptive Patron Behavior in Law Libraries: A Grey Paper","authors":"Nicole P. Dyszlewski, K. Moore, G. Tung","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2616264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2616264","url":null,"abstract":"Nearly all law library staff have encountered, and likely will encounter, some measure of challenging patron behavior. This white paper, dubbed by the authors a \"grey paper\" as it attempts to analyze and contend with a fundamentally dynamic phenomenon, was written at the request of the AALL RIPS-SIS Executive Board with the hope of providing a jumping off point for further inquiry and discussion on current best practices in managing difficult, challenging or disruptive patron behavior in law libraries. In lieu of a traditional white paper solution, the authors have included a collection of best practices largely developed based on common themes which emerged from a 2014 online survey of law library staff; follow-up correspondence with several survey respondents; and a review of case law and relevant literature within law librarianship and other fields. The solutions to the problems of disruptive patron interactions can most nearly be found by providing a library atmosphere of safety for patrons and staff; equality in the staff treatment of all library patrons; consistency and predictability in staff responses accomplished by flexibility not rigidity; and communication and transparency of both policies and service limitations. This paper provides practical strategies for attaining that ideal.","PeriodicalId":44477,"journal":{"name":"Law Library Journal","volume":"107 1","pages":"491-542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68226403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ABA Council on Legal Education approved for Notice and Comment proposed changes that impact the law library: all of Chapter 6 (Library and Information Resources); Standard 405(c) in Chapter 4 (The Faculty) on security of position for clinical faculty members as they relate to Standard 603(d); specific standards in Chapter 7 (Facilities, Equipment, and Technology) - Standard 702, Law Library, Standard 703, Research and Study Space; Standard 704 Technological Capacity; Standard 506 Consumer Information as it relates to the law library in Chapter 5 (Admissions and Student Services); and Standard 106(2) Separate Locations and Branch Campuses.
{"title":"The ABA Section on Legal Education Revisions of the Law Library Standards: What Does It All Mean?","authors":"Gordon Russell","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2405275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2405275","url":null,"abstract":"The ABA Council on Legal Education approved for Notice and Comment proposed changes that impact the law library: all of Chapter 6 (Library and Information Resources); Standard 405(c) in Chapter 4 (The Faculty) on security of position for clinical faculty members as they relate to Standard 603(d); specific standards in Chapter 7 (Facilities, Equipment, and Technology) - Standard 702, Law Library, Standard 703, Research and Study Space; Standard 704 Technological Capacity; Standard 506 Consumer Information as it relates to the law library in Chapter 5 (Admissions and Student Services); and Standard 106(2) Separate Locations and Branch Campuses.","PeriodicalId":44477,"journal":{"name":"Law Library Journal","volume":"106 1","pages":"329-375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2014-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68184192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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