Pub Date : 2021-03-18DOI: 10.1332/policypress/9781529215991.003.0001
J. Reades, M. Crookston
This introductory chapter sketches the territory to be explored: how ICT is, and is not, changing everything; the continuing importance of face-to-face contact in many sectors; how businesses adapt to this changing and digitally-dominated landscape; and what this all means for cities and towns. It summarises the book’s ‘layered’ structure: starting with the underpinning that infrastructure provides for contact (Chapter 2); explaining how F2F has such an important role to play in making markets and doing deals (Chapters 3 & 4); homing in on the core issue of why firms and workers value face-to-face interaction so highly, and interviewing the people involved about what they actually do day-to-day (Chapters 5 & 6); and finally on to the ‘so what for cities’ conclusions (Chapters 7 & 8). It stresses, too, a view of the coronavirus pandemic as an accelerant to already-existing trends: it may be the petrol, but it is not the fire.
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We draw together from Chapters 2–6 many of the factors that will push and pull activities and people to and from our cities over the next few decades. For the great World Cities, the future looks like continued employment growth overall, but reduced dependence on large floorplates and serried ranks of desks. Digitisation will bite ever deeper, and give greater flexibility to support home- and remote-workers, but the wider benefits of agglomeration and clustering will still work in favour of these cities. For other places, the challenges are even greater: ranging down from the other major conurbations to freestanding market towns, medium-sized former industrial towns, places in the hinterlands of the World Cities, and University Towns as a particular form of advanced service centre. All will need careful understanding of scale, location and interrelationships in creating effective public policy for cities and regions - with implications for developers, investors and policymakers alike.
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Pub Date : 2021-03-18DOI: 10.1332/policypress/9781529215991.003.0006
J. Reades, M. Crookston
We look at how Chapter 5’s ‘people ideas’ play out in practice; it is about real people talking about real jobs. Respondents described their interactions, how much was internal or external, the frequency and nature of contacts, and how much their social and work lives interpenetrated. Strongly evident in the responses is the role of different technologies in displacing face-to-face in specific contexts and settings. The trade-offs between on- and off-line encounters emerged, as did what that means for how firms conduct business and choose where to locate. A section titled Was This the Future? reports on a follow-up survey of our original interviewees in the midst of a global pandemic that tested our assumptions and arguments. With lockdowns, ‘social distancing’ and working from home as people’s ‘new normal’, was this the moment to discover that F2F wasn’t quite so important after all? The section reports both on immediate effects in their sectors, and their views on the likely longer-term impacts on how business would be done.
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Pub Date : 2021-03-18DOI: 10.1332/policypress/9781529215991.003.0002
J. Reades, M. Crookston
Starting with the basics of infrastructure, Chapter 2 shows how it un-levels the playing field, making distant places ‘close’ and near places ‘far away’. Digital networks are obviously a focus, but so too are transportation and other less glamorous systems. Networks which ‘equalise’ space exert a centrifugal force on activity and growth, spinning it outward, deconcentrating the urban form. The nodal networks tend to reinforce concentration, pulling growth in a ‘centripetal’ way towards the best-connected central places. So infrastructure networks create a ‘surface’ across which locational choices are made, reflecting the interactions between cost, speed, bandwidth, connectivity and convenience. Firms’ and households’ locational choices emerge from the degree of flexibility they have in terms of the connectivity they rely on. But which connectivity? Not every business needs every network. That leads on to subsequent chapters’ analysis of the specific mix of types of mobility and access that firms need, for the markets they serve and the deals they do.
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Pub Date : 2021-03-18DOI: 10.46692/9781529216028.001
S. Currie
{"title":"The Story So Far","authors":"S. Currie","doi":"10.46692/9781529216028.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46692/9781529216028.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":444977,"journal":{"name":"Why Face-to-Face Still Matters","volume":"13 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120889164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-18DOI: 10.1332/policypress/9781529215991.003.0008
J. Reades, M. Crookston
We draw together the book’s themes. These revolve round the core importance of human contact, with face-to-face ever more important, not less, because when insight and knowledge matter F2F will always have the edge. This is despite the ever-deeper penetration of ICT, which allows more choice, accelerates change and enables unparalleled contact, but doesn’t replace face-to face. The pandemic ran a full-strength test of what an e-only work world could be like. The experience will cement and accelerate certain tendencies that already existed, but will not create fundamentally new ones. The long-run strength of central places is because ‘cities are about uncertainty’ and their offer of proximity, of the ‘buzz’, and of confidence is vital. The potential is great: ‘being there’ is still at the core of the urban experience, and face-to-face contact is what towns and cities do for a living.
{"title":"And in the End …","authors":"J. Reades, M. Crookston","doi":"10.1332/policypress/9781529215991.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529215991.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"We draw together the book’s themes. These revolve round the core importance of human contact, with face-to-face ever more important, not less, because when insight and knowledge matter F2F will always have the edge. This is despite the ever-deeper penetration of ICT, which allows more choice, accelerates change and enables unparalleled contact, but doesn’t replace face-to face. The pandemic ran a full-strength test of what an e-only work world could be like. The experience will cement and accelerate certain tendencies that already existed, but will not create fundamentally new ones. The long-run strength of central places is because ‘cities are about uncertainty’ and their offer of proximity, of the ‘buzz’, and of confidence is vital. The potential is great: ‘being there’ is still at the core of the urban experience, and face-to-face contact is what towns and cities do for a living.","PeriodicalId":444977,"journal":{"name":"Why Face-to-Face Still Matters","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124871123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-18DOI: 10.1332/policypress/9781529215991.003.0003
J. Reades, M. Crookston
We analyse how and why Central Places come to dominate particular markets for goods and services. Goods, labour, skills and data all move in different ways and at different speeds through the networks, with different ‘ranges’: critical in determining how much centrality matters in each sector. This connects to the challenges of risk and uncertainty, and to the patterns of search and signalling which firms and their people deploy in different types of market: vital for the ‘opaque’ markets in the most dynamic sectors of the 21st century economy, where data on its own will not be enough, and where judgement and confidence are crucial. The chapter then homes in on the relationships between access to information, signalling and proximity in helping to acquire certainty and reduce risk. The density of the information ‘surface’ is why cities are so often the key locus of rare skills, of sites for the exchange of complex information, and of high-value markets.
{"title":"Making Markets","authors":"J. Reades, M. Crookston","doi":"10.1332/policypress/9781529215991.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529215991.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"We analyse how and why Central Places come to dominate particular markets for goods and services. Goods, labour, skills and data all move in different ways and at different speeds through the networks, with different ‘ranges’: critical in determining how much centrality matters in each sector. This connects to the challenges of risk and uncertainty, and to the patterns of search and signalling which firms and their people deploy in different types of market: vital for the ‘opaque’ markets in the most dynamic sectors of the 21st century economy, where data on its own will not be enough, and where judgement and confidence are crucial. The chapter then homes in on the relationships between access to information, signalling and proximity in helping to acquire certainty and reduce risk. The density of the information ‘surface’ is why cities are so often the key locus of rare skills, of sites for the exchange of complex information, and of high-value markets.","PeriodicalId":444977,"journal":{"name":"Why Face-to-Face Still Matters","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117066294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Story So Far","authors":"Nathan","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1j55h3r.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1j55h3r.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":444977,"journal":{"name":"Why Face-to-Face Still Matters","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134344855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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