P. Verbilo, M. Karasev, N. Belyakov, Grigirii Iovlev
Joints often have a significant influence on material characteristics. The discontinuities’ coalescence mechanism and complex jointed rock mass structure as a composite need to be further explored. In this study, compression and shear tests were carried out on a jointed rock mass. The purpose of the jointed rock mass behaviour study was to determine the deformation-strength dependencies and to determine the parameters for a quantitative assessment of the joints’ influence on mechanical characteristics. The results show that compression strength depends on the materials’ structure, and there is a detailed description of the joints’ orientation influence on stress-strain dependencies during compression experiments. The numerical method used in this study could be used for the modelling of composite materials and their properties.
{"title":"Experimental and numerical research of jointed rock mass anisotropy in a three-dimensional stress field","authors":"P. Verbilo, M. Karasev, N. Belyakov, Grigirii Iovlev","doi":"10.17794/rgn.2022.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2022.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Joints often have a significant influence on material characteristics. The discontinuities’ coalescence mechanism and complex jointed rock mass structure as a composite need to be further explored. In this study, compression and shear tests were carried out on a jointed rock mass. The purpose of the jointed rock mass behaviour study was to determine the deformation-strength dependencies and to determine the parameters for a quantitative assessment of the joints’ influence on mechanical characteristics. The results show that compression strength depends on the materials’ structure, and there is a detailed description of the joints’ orientation influence on stress-strain dependencies during compression experiments. The numerical method used in this study could be used for the modelling of composite materials and their properties.","PeriodicalId":44536,"journal":{"name":"Rudarsko-Geolosko-Naftni Zbornik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68149268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marko Sinčić, Sanja Bernat Gazibara, M. Krkač, Snježana Mihalić Arbanas
A preliminary landslide susceptibility analysis on a regional scale of 1:100 000 using bivariate statistics was conducted for the City of Karlovac. The City administration compiled landslide inventory used in the analysis based on recorded landslides from 2014 to 2019 that caused significant damage to buildings or infrastructures. Analyses included 17 geofactors relevant to landslide occurrence and classified them into four groups: geomorphological (elevation, slope gradient, slope orientation, terrain curvature, terrain roughness), geological (lithology-rock type, proximity to geological contacts, proximity to faults), hydrological (proximity to drainage network, proximity to springs, proximity to temporary, permanent and to all streams, topographic wetness) and anthropogenic (proximity to traffic infrastructure, land cover using two classifications). Five scenarios were defined using a different combination of geofactors weighted by the Weights-of-Evidence (WoE) method, resulting in five different landslide susceptibility maps. The best landslide susceptibility map was selected upon the results of a ROC curve analysis, which was used to obtain success and prediction rates of each scenario. The novelty in the presented research is that a limited amount of thematic data and an incomplete landslide inventory map allows for the production of a preliminary landslide susceptibility map for usage in spatial planning. Also, this study provides a discussion regarding the used method, geofactors, defined scenarios and reliability of the results. The final preliminary landslide susceptibility map was derived using ten geofactors, which satisfied the pairwise CI test, and it is classified in four zones: low landslide susceptibility (57.05% of the area), medium landslide susceptibility (20.63% of the area), high landslide susceptibility (13.28% of the area), and very high landslide susceptibility (9.03% of the area), and has a success rate of 94% and a prediction rate of 93% making it a highly accurate source of preliminary information for the study area.
{"title":"Landslide susceptibility assessment of the City of Karlovac using the bivariate statistical analysis","authors":"Marko Sinčić, Sanja Bernat Gazibara, M. Krkač, Snježana Mihalić Arbanas","doi":"10.17794/rgn.2022.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2022.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"A preliminary landslide susceptibility analysis on a regional scale of 1:100 000 using bivariate statistics was conducted for the City of Karlovac. The City administration compiled landslide inventory used in the analysis based on recorded landslides from 2014 to 2019 that caused significant damage to buildings or infrastructures. Analyses included 17 geofactors relevant to landslide occurrence and classified them into four groups: geomorphological (elevation, slope gradient, slope orientation, terrain curvature, terrain roughness), geological (lithology-rock type, proximity to geological contacts, proximity to faults), hydrological (proximity to drainage network, proximity to springs, proximity to temporary, permanent and to all streams, topographic wetness) and anthropogenic (proximity to traffic infrastructure, land cover using two classifications). Five scenarios were defined using a different combination of geofactors weighted by the Weights-of-Evidence (WoE) method, resulting in five different landslide susceptibility maps. The best landslide susceptibility map was selected upon the results of a ROC curve analysis, which was used to obtain success and prediction rates of each scenario. The novelty in the presented research is that a limited amount of thematic data and an incomplete landslide inventory map allows for the production of a preliminary landslide susceptibility map for usage in spatial planning. Also, this study provides a discussion regarding the used method, geofactors, defined scenarios and reliability of the results. The final preliminary landslide susceptibility map was derived using ten geofactors, which satisfied the pairwise CI test, and it is classified in four zones: low landslide susceptibility (57.05% of the area), medium landslide susceptibility (20.63% of the area), high landslide susceptibility (13.28% of the area), and very high landslide susceptibility (9.03% of the area), and has a success rate of 94% and a prediction rate of 93% making it a highly accurate source of preliminary information for the study area.","PeriodicalId":44536,"journal":{"name":"Rudarsko-Geolosko-Naftni Zbornik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68149725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. V. Pavan, Srinivasa Reddy Devarapu, S. Govindarajan
The amount of oil together with the water Originally in Place (OIP), makes up the liquid phase in heavy oil reservoir systems. This amount of liquid present in the pores of the reservoir system is known as liquid saturation, plays a vital role in improving oil recovery through In-Situ Combustion (ISC) process. The oil phase acts as fuel in generating thermal energy required for viscosity reduction and the water phase supports in the formation of an enlarged condensation zone that aids in higher mobility of the low viscous oil. A numerical investigation is carried out to study the role of water saturation on the performance of in-situ combustion in a heavy oil reservoir. A finite-difference based numerical model is developed and validated for water recovery. The model is then used to carry out the impact of liquid saturation on the performance of the ISC, as it plays a vital role in screening criteria for the selection of ISC. The numerical results projected a significant effect on the thermal and production profile during the process. A comparison between the effect of variation in water and oil saturations projected a significant increase in reservoir temperatures with increased water saturation than the oil saturation. The highest reservoir temperatures are observed at the maximum liquid (oil and water together) saturation. Further, the additional water drive provided by increased water saturation is observed to contribute to early production rates.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON IMPACT OF WATER SATURATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF IN-SITU COMBUSTION","authors":"T. V. Pavan, Srinivasa Reddy Devarapu, S. Govindarajan","doi":"10.17794/rgn.2022.4.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2022.4.14","url":null,"abstract":"The amount of oil together with the water Originally in Place (OIP), makes up the liquid phase in heavy oil reservoir systems. This amount of liquid present in the pores of the reservoir system is known as liquid saturation, plays a vital role in improving oil recovery through In-Situ Combustion (ISC) process. The oil phase acts as fuel in generating thermal energy required for viscosity reduction and the water phase supports in the formation of an enlarged condensation zone that aids in higher mobility of the low viscous oil. A numerical investigation is carried out to study the role of water saturation on the performance of in-situ combustion in a heavy oil reservoir. A finite-difference based numerical model is developed and validated for water recovery. The model is then used to carry out the impact of liquid saturation on the performance of the ISC, as it plays a vital role in screening criteria for the selection of ISC. The numerical results projected a significant effect on the thermal and production profile during the process. A comparison between the effect of variation in water and oil saturations projected a significant increase in reservoir temperatures with increased water saturation than the oil saturation. The highest reservoir temperatures are observed at the maximum liquid (oil and water together) saturation. Further, the additional water drive provided by increased water saturation is observed to contribute to early production rates.","PeriodicalId":44536,"journal":{"name":"Rudarsko-Geolosko-Naftni Zbornik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68153388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A considerable amount of slope stability analysis has been observed in jointed rock masses in which the GSI (Geological Strength Index) estimated at the outcropping level is considered input data to define the rock mass strength. However, this procedure is unsuitable when the rock outcrop scale and the slope scale are significantly different (e.g. open-pit slopes), resulting in an overestimated rock mass strength. For this reason, and in the absence of criteria to modify the GSI based on the scale effects, in this research, a new GSI version is proposed, called GSIe or “equivalent GSI”. To define an expression for obtaining the GSIe in terms of the rock mass properties, comparative stability analyses were conducted in a series of hypothetical slopes using two approaches: the first considers the rock mass as a discontinuous medium of rock blocks separated by discontinuities; the second considers the rock mass as an equivalent continuous medium characterized by an equivalent GSI. For the adequate equivalent GSI value, evaluated in each analyzed slope, the safety factor and the failure surface are similar in both approaches. In conformity with the results, a GSIe formulation in terms of the slope height, the spacing, the intact rock strength, the persistence, and the joint conditions has been proposed. Finally, the formulation was validated by applying it in five cases of mining slopes where the failure occurred.
{"title":"EQUIVALENT GEOLOGICAL STRENGTH INDEX (GSI) APPROACH WITH APPLICATION TO ROCK MASS SLOPE STABILITY","authors":"R. Pozo","doi":"10.17794/rgn.2022.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2022.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"A considerable amount of slope stability analysis has been observed in jointed rock masses in which the GSI (Geological Strength Index) estimated at the outcropping level is considered input data to define the rock mass strength. However, this procedure is unsuitable when the rock outcrop scale and the slope scale are significantly different (e.g. open-pit slopes), resulting in an overestimated rock mass strength. For this reason, and in the absence of criteria to modify the GSI based on the scale effects, in this research, a new GSI version is proposed, called GSIe or “equivalent GSI”. To define an expression for obtaining the GSIe in terms of the rock mass properties, comparative stability analyses were conducted in a series of hypothetical slopes using two approaches: the first considers the rock mass as a discontinuous medium of rock blocks separated by discontinuities; the second considers the rock mass as an equivalent continuous medium characterized by an equivalent GSI. For the adequate equivalent GSI value, evaluated in each analyzed slope, the safety factor and the failure surface are similar in both approaches. In conformity with the results, a GSIe formulation in terms of the slope height, the spacing, the intact rock strength, the persistence, and the joint conditions has been proposed. Finally, the formulation was validated by applying it in five cases of mining slopes where the failure occurred.","PeriodicalId":44536,"journal":{"name":"Rudarsko-Geolosko-Naftni Zbornik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68153534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hassan, S. A. Bader, Mahrous A. M. Ali, W. Abdellah, G. S. Abdelhaffez
This study uses linear programming to develop a methodology for selecting the best raw material mix in an ASCOM cement plant in Egypt. In cement factories, this type adheres to Egyptian chemical composition criteria for raw feed (e.g. 82.5% calcium carbonate, 14.08% silica, 2.5% alumina and 0.92% iron oxide). Furthermore, the model is bound by industry-specific characteristics (e.g. lime saturation factor, silica modulus, alumina modulus and loss of ignition). The results reveal that the model is able to accurately reproduce the mixing of high-quality feed with varying constituent percentages. It is also capable of determining the combining limitations of each ingredient. Furthermore, it demonstrates optimality for additive sourcing short-term planning and capping limestone quality to meet changeable component combinations. Additionally, improving the raw mix reduces limestone feed quality from 51 to 50.6%, resulting in the inclusion of extra limestone reserves.
{"title":"LINEAR PROGRAMMING AS A TOOL TO DESIGN THE MIX OF CEMENT PLANT RAW MATERIALS","authors":"M. Hassan, S. A. Bader, Mahrous A. M. Ali, W. Abdellah, G. S. Abdelhaffez","doi":"10.17794/rgn.2022.4.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2022.4.9","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses linear programming to develop a methodology for selecting the best raw material mix in an ASCOM cement plant in Egypt. In cement factories, this type adheres to Egyptian chemical composition criteria for raw feed (e.g. 82.5% calcium carbonate, 14.08% silica, 2.5% alumina and 0.92% iron oxide). Furthermore, the model is bound by industry-specific characteristics (e.g. lime saturation factor, silica modulus, alumina modulus and loss of ignition). The results reveal that the model is able to accurately reproduce the mixing of high-quality feed with varying constituent percentages. It is also capable of determining the combining limitations of each ingredient. Furthermore, it demonstrates optimality for additive sourcing short-term planning and capping limestone quality to meet changeable component combinations. Additionally, improving the raw mix reduces limestone feed quality from 51 to 50.6%, resulting in the inclusion of extra limestone reserves.","PeriodicalId":44536,"journal":{"name":"Rudarsko-Geolosko-Naftni Zbornik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68153997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. J. Fajar, Putu Billy Suryanata, W. Wahidah, A. Hafidz, S. Bijaksana, D. Dahrin, I. Iskandar
Sediment from Lake Towuti has been extensively studied to reconstruct past climate and environmental changes. One of the remaining questions is the source of magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) in the northern part of Lake Towuti. In this study, the source of high Mg and Ca content is examined by analysing surface sediment from the Lampenisu River (LR) and Mahalona River (MR) that merge before entering Lake Towuti. Twelve surface sediments from MR, LR, and the confluence of the two rivers (LMR) were subjected to geochemical (XRF), mineralogical (XRD), and rock magnetic (susceptibility and hysteresis parameter) analyses. The result shows that the Mg and Ca content in LR samples are higher than in MR samples. LR samples have a higher susceptibility and a lower frequency dependent susceptibility than MR samples. XRD analyses on extracted magnetic grains show the presence of minerals with a sodalite crystal structure, possibly valleyite in LR but not in MR samples. If valleyite indeed occurs in LR samples, it may contribute to their relatively high Ca content. At the same time, the high content of Mg in LR samples is likely due to the serpentinized peridotite rocks. LR is thereby considered to be the source of high Mg and Ca content in the northern portion of Lake Towuti. This study shows the importance of sediment-source identification in big lakes such as Lake Towuti, where the influx could come from several rivers around the lake.
{"title":"GEOCHEMISTRY AND ROCK MAGNETIC ANALYSIS ON SURFACE SEDIMENT IN LAMPENISU RIVER: A QUEST FOR MG SOURCE TO LAKE TOWUTI, INDONESIA","authors":"S. J. Fajar, Putu Billy Suryanata, W. Wahidah, A. Hafidz, S. Bijaksana, D. Dahrin, I. Iskandar","doi":"10.17794/rgn.2022.5.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2022.5.12","url":null,"abstract":"Sediment from Lake Towuti has been extensively studied to reconstruct past climate and environmental changes. One of the remaining questions is the source of magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) in the northern part of Lake Towuti. In this study, the source of high Mg and Ca content is examined by analysing surface sediment from the Lampenisu River (LR) and Mahalona River (MR) that merge before entering Lake Towuti. Twelve surface sediments from MR, LR, and the confluence of the two rivers (LMR) were subjected to geochemical (XRF), mineralogical (XRD), and rock magnetic (susceptibility and hysteresis parameter) analyses. The result shows that the Mg and Ca content in LR samples are higher than in MR samples. LR samples have a higher susceptibility and a lower frequency dependent susceptibility than MR samples. XRD analyses on extracted magnetic grains show the presence of minerals with a sodalite crystal structure, possibly valleyite in LR but not in MR samples. If valleyite indeed occurs in LR samples, it may contribute to their relatively high Ca content. At the same time, the high content of Mg in LR samples is likely due to the serpentinized peridotite rocks. LR is thereby considered to be the source of high Mg and Ca content in the northern portion of Lake Towuti. This study shows the importance of sediment-source identification in big lakes such as Lake Towuti, where the influx could come from several rivers around the lake.","PeriodicalId":44536,"journal":{"name":"Rudarsko-Geolosko-Naftni Zbornik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68154067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Irfan, S. Hamza, Muhammad Waqar Azeem, Shaista Mahmud, Syed Nawaz-ul-Huda, Anwar Qadir
The groundwater resources have always been explored for its utilization in domestic and agriculture purposes. In this study, Winder area in Balochistan which is along the coast of Offshore Indus Basin has been explored using electrical resistivity method for deeper understanding of hydrogeological and hydrogeophysical conditions. Schlumberger electrode arrays have been used to acquire vertical electrical sounding data for 23 different sites in this area. The field data were calibrated with theoretical curves during processing using software with graphical interface. The true resistivities, depths, thicknesses, aquifer attributes, soil type and groundwater quality has been extracted from the processed data. Pseudo-sections and geo-electrical lithology sections have been generated for lateral distribution of hydrogeological settings. Furthermore, Dar-zarrouk parameters calculations have been made and 3D surfaces generated at 30m and 60 m depth for transverse resistance (T), longitudinal conductance (S) and anisotropy (λ) plotted for resistivity distribution and coastal salinity intrusion analysis. The soundings results depict five layers mainly composed of silty sand, sandy clay, sand, and sandy gravel and the depth ranges from 0-110m. The interpretation illustrates that freshwater unconfined aquifer are present in the quaternary sand and sandy gravel deposits. The water table is at shallow depth along the river and deeper in northeast and away from Winder river. The resistivity ranges 29-1091 Ωm in layer-3 interpreted as saturated zone. The approximate range of water table is 19-30 m. The higher value of T greater than 10000 shows fresh water and low value 8200 for salinity intrusion in southwest toward sea.
{"title":"Groundwater Characterization and Salinity Intrusion Studies using Electrical Resistivity Survey (ERS)-Winder, Balochistan, Pakistan","authors":"M. Irfan, S. Hamza, Muhammad Waqar Azeem, Shaista Mahmud, Syed Nawaz-ul-Huda, Anwar Qadir","doi":"10.17794/rgn.2022.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2022.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The groundwater resources have always been explored for its utilization in domestic and agriculture purposes. In this study, Winder area in Balochistan which is along the coast of Offshore Indus Basin has been explored using electrical resistivity method for deeper understanding of hydrogeological and hydrogeophysical conditions. Schlumberger electrode arrays have been used to acquire vertical electrical sounding data for 23 different sites in this area. The field data were calibrated with theoretical curves during processing using software with graphical interface. The true resistivities, depths, thicknesses, aquifer attributes, soil type and groundwater quality has been extracted from the processed data. Pseudo-sections and geo-electrical lithology sections have been generated for lateral distribution of hydrogeological settings. Furthermore, Dar-zarrouk parameters calculations have been made and 3D surfaces generated at 30m and 60 m depth for transverse resistance (T), longitudinal conductance (S) and anisotropy (λ) plotted for resistivity distribution and coastal salinity intrusion analysis. The soundings results depict five layers mainly composed of silty sand, sandy clay, sand, and sandy gravel and the depth ranges from 0-110m. The interpretation illustrates that freshwater unconfined aquifer are present in the quaternary sand and sandy gravel deposits. The water table is at shallow depth along the river and deeper in northeast and away from Winder river. The resistivity ranges 29-1091 Ωm in layer-3 interpreted as saturated zone. The approximate range of water table is 19-30 m. The higher value of T greater than 10000 shows fresh water and low value 8200 for salinity intrusion in southwest toward sea.","PeriodicalId":44536,"journal":{"name":"Rudarsko-Geolosko-Naftni Zbornik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68148484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hani Al Khalaf, Nagham Alhaj Mohammed, Gabriella Federer Kovacsne
This study is investigating the possibility of using pinecones as additive materials to develop a water-based drilling mud. Pinecones are environmentally friendly agricultural wastes and have no practical applications. Therefore, this study is of great importance in that it highlights the investment of these natural waste materials in practical fields. The study focused on the effectiveness of pinecone powder in a water-based drilling mud. To this end, an experimental study on five types of pinecones (Austrian pinecones, Black Hills Spruce, Sitka Spruce, Norway Spruce, and White pinecones) was performed and tested to determine their ability to reduce filter loss and also the effect of those eco-friendly materials on the rheological properties and density of the mud. In the study, 26 samples of water-based mud mixed with the different types of pinecones at different concentrations based on the weight of mud sample (1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, and 5 wt%) were used to perform the experiments. The results of the study showed that pinecones have a great ability to reduce filter loss, particularly Norway Spruce cones, which, based on this study, are considered the superior type with a concentration of 3 wt%.
{"title":"Evaluation of using waste pinecones as an eco-friendly additive to water-based mud","authors":"Hani Al Khalaf, Nagham Alhaj Mohammed, Gabriella Federer Kovacsne","doi":"10.17794/rgn.2022.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2022.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study is investigating the possibility of using pinecones as additive materials to develop a water-based drilling mud. Pinecones are environmentally friendly agricultural wastes and have no practical applications. Therefore, this study is of great importance in that it highlights the investment of these natural waste materials in practical fields. The study focused on the effectiveness of pinecone powder in a water-based drilling mud. To this end, an experimental study on five types of pinecones (Austrian pinecones, Black Hills Spruce, Sitka Spruce, Norway Spruce, and White pinecones) was performed and tested to determine their ability to reduce filter loss and also the effect of those eco-friendly materials on the rheological properties and density of the mud. In the study, 26 samples of water-based mud mixed with the different types of pinecones at different concentrations based on the weight of mud sample (1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, and 5 wt%) were used to perform the experiments. The results of the study showed that pinecones have a great ability to reduce filter loss, particularly Norway Spruce cones, which, based on this study, are considered the superior type with a concentration of 3 wt%.","PeriodicalId":44536,"journal":{"name":"Rudarsko-Geolosko-Naftni Zbornik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68148567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present work deals with systematic grinding investigation and determination of grindability of container glass bottles. The systematic grinding tests were carried out in three different kinds of ball mills (a drum mill, a vibrating mill, and a planetary mill) with different energy intensities (low, medium, and high intensity) in dry conditions. In addition, the specific grinding work and specific surface area were determined in every case. The grindability test was performed by the Universal Hardgrove Mill, moreover, the Bond-Work Index was calculated from the Hardgrove Grindability Index. In this research work, the focus was on analysing the grindability of container glass bottles and the goal was energy-efficient milling of glass waste to produce glass foam powder for further utilization (for example glass foam) in a sustainable way. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the optimal milling apparatus for container glass grinding is the drum mill. The reason why is that it has a low specific grinding work (151.52 kWh/t) in comparison with the other two types of mills (3488.37 kWh/t for the planetary mill and 1106.38 kWh/t for the vibrating mill) resulting in a relatively high specific surface area (11314 cm2/g). In the case of grinding industrial quantities of glass waste, the drum mill has a much higher capacity compared to the vibrating mill and the planetary mill.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF GLASS WASTE GRINDING IN VARIOUS MILLS","authors":"Ildikó Fóris, G. Mucsi","doi":"10.17794/rgn.2022.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2022.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"The present work deals with systematic grinding investigation and determination of grindability of container glass bottles. The systematic grinding tests were carried out in three different kinds of ball mills (a drum mill, a vibrating mill, and a planetary mill) with different energy intensities (low, medium, and high intensity) in dry conditions. In addition, the specific grinding work and specific surface area were determined in every case. The grindability test was performed by the Universal Hardgrove Mill, moreover, the Bond-Work Index was calculated from the Hardgrove Grindability Index. In this research work, the focus was on analysing the grindability of container glass bottles and the goal was energy-efficient milling of glass waste to produce glass foam powder for further utilization (for example glass foam) in a sustainable way. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the optimal milling apparatus for container glass grinding is the drum mill. The reason why is that it has a low specific grinding work (151.52 kWh/t) in comparison with the other two types of mills (3488.37 kWh/t for the planetary mill and 1106.38 kWh/t for the vibrating mill) resulting in a relatively high specific surface area (11314 cm2/g). In the case of grinding industrial quantities of glass waste, the drum mill has a much higher capacity compared to the vibrating mill and the planetary mill.","PeriodicalId":44536,"journal":{"name":"Rudarsko-Geolosko-Naftni Zbornik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68151614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. S. Abdallah, K. Selim, M. A. Hassan, Atef El-amir, M. Farghaly, Samah M. Elsayed
Phosphate ores are in high demand around the world because they are the primary raw materials used in the manufacturing of phosphatic fertilizers and other chemicals. Since the grade of the ore is gradually declining, it is becoming economically viable to mine and beneficiate numerous lower-grade deposits, and a significant number of precious minerals are discarded due to the inadequacy of new technological advances. Thus, biological processes are becoming more appealing in mineral processing due to their lower operating costs and potential applications to beneficiate low-grade complex ores through the interaction of bacteria and mineral surfaces, resulting in surface modification and mineral separation via bio-flotation. Staphylococcus aureus was supplied by the mineral bioprocessing lab, CMRDI. Bacterial adhesion measurements revealed a higher affinity for apatite than quartz. A binary mixture containing 12.5% P2O5 and 42.5% SiO2 yielded a concentrate containing 20.15% P2O5 and 33.5% SiO2. Using the bio-flotation process with Staphylococcus aureus and the optimal conditions on natural phosphate ore, a concentrate with 30.25% P2O5 was obtained from a feed containing 21.89% P2O5.
{"title":"BIOPROCESSING OF NATURAL PHOSPHATE ORE WITH STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS BACTERIA","authors":"S. S. Abdallah, K. Selim, M. A. Hassan, Atef El-amir, M. Farghaly, Samah M. Elsayed","doi":"10.17794/rgn.2022.5.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2022.5.5","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphate ores are in high demand around the world because they are the primary raw materials used in the manufacturing of phosphatic fertilizers and other chemicals. Since the grade of the ore is gradually declining, it is becoming economically viable to mine and beneficiate numerous lower-grade deposits, and a significant number of precious minerals are discarded due to the inadequacy of new technological advances. Thus, biological processes are becoming more appealing in mineral processing due to their lower operating costs and potential applications to beneficiate low-grade complex ores through the interaction of bacteria and mineral surfaces, resulting in surface modification and mineral separation via bio-flotation. Staphylococcus aureus was supplied by the mineral bioprocessing lab, CMRDI. Bacterial adhesion measurements revealed a higher affinity for apatite than quartz. A binary mixture containing 12.5% P2O5 and 42.5% SiO2 yielded a concentrate containing 20.15% P2O5 and 33.5% SiO2. Using the bio-flotation process with Staphylococcus aureus and the optimal conditions on natural phosphate ore, a concentrate with 30.25% P2O5 was obtained from a feed containing 21.89% P2O5.","PeriodicalId":44536,"journal":{"name":"Rudarsko-Geolosko-Naftni Zbornik","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68153939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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