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The extent and uptake of mathematics support in higher education: results from the 2018 survey 高等教育中数学支持的程度和接受程度:2018年调查结果
IF 0.8 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1093/teamat/hrz009
Michael Grove;Tony Croft;Duncan Lawson
In response to the well-documented challenges associated with the ‘mathematics problem’ in UK higher education, many institutions have implemented a programme of mathematics support. Previous surveys within the UK, undertaken in 2001, 2004 and, most recently, 2012, have shown growth in the number of institutions offering such support and indicate that the dominant form of provision is through a drop-in model. Here we report on a 2018 survey of higher education providers in England and Wales undertaken to establish not only the extent of current provision but also understand the scale of its delivery. We find that overall the proportion of higher education institutions offering mathematics support remains broadly the same, but there is considerable variation in how this support is delivered within institutions. While the drop-in model remains most common, we see evidence that the methods used to provide mathematics support are expanding and that the range of levels and subjects studied of targeted student cohorts is widening. For the first time we are able to report on the volume of use of mathematics support by students across England and Wales, and although dependent upon the institutional context, we see clear evidence of the extensive use being made of it by learners.
为了应对英国高等教育中与“数学问题”相关的有据可查的挑战,许多机构实施了一项数学支持计划。英国此前于2001年、2004年以及最近的2012年进行的调查显示,提供此类支持的机构数量有所增长,并表明主要的提供形式是通过下降模式。在这里,我们报告了2018年对英格兰和威尔士高等教育提供者进行的一项调查,该调查不仅确定了当前提供的范围,还了解了其提供的规模。我们发现,总体而言,提供数学支持的高等教育机构的比例大致保持不变,但在机构内提供这种支持的方式存在相当大的差异。虽然下降模型仍然是最常见的,但我们看到的证据表明,用于提供数学支持的方法正在扩大,目标学生群体的学习水平和科目范围正在扩大。我们第一次能够报告英格兰和威尔士学生使用数学支持的数量,尽管这取决于机构背景,但我们看到了明确的证据,表明学习者广泛使用数学支持。
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引用次数: 21
Graphical representation of functions using technology: a window to teacher knowledge 使用技术的函数图形表示:教师知识的窗口
IF 0.8 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1093/teamat/hrz011
Helena Rocha
Using technology to get a graphical representation of functions requires the choice of a suitable viewing window. The literature suggests teachers’ knowledge as being central in this process, but does not tell us much about how the teachers should manage this. This study aims to improve understanding about the teachers’ choices related to the viewing window on the study of functions. It also intends to illustrate how this analysis can be a useful way to access aspects of teachers’ knowledge based on the framework of Knowledge for Teaching Mathematics with Technology (KTMT). The study adopts a qualitative methodological approach, undertaking case studies of two teachers. The findings recognize the importance of carefully sequencing the students’ contact with this kind of situation and the impact of the viewing window over the teachers’ choices of tasks, pointing to the relevance of considering situations where the students actually face the difficulties. This highlights the relation of teachers’ choices of viewing window to their knowledge of different KTMT’s domains, and specifically the relevance of knowledge of different ways to change the window; of the difficulties faced by the students; of the most suitable tasks (and required viewing window) at each moment; of the impact of the viewing window on the appearance of a graph and of the different situations associated, from the mathematical point of view.
使用技术来获得函数的图形表示需要选择合适的查看窗口。文献表明,教师的知识是这一过程的核心,但并没有告诉我们教师应该如何管理这一过程。本研究旨在增进对教师选择与视窗相关的学习功能的理解。它还试图说明,在技术数学教学知识框架(KTMT)的基础上,这种分析如何成为获取教师知识的一种有用方式。本研究采用了定性方法,对两名教师进行了个案研究。研究结果认识到仔细排序学生与这种情况的接触的重要性,以及观察窗口对教师任务选择的影响,指出了考虑学生实际面临困难的情况的相关性。这突出了教师对观察窗口的选择与他们对不同KTMT领域的知识的关系,特别是改变窗口的不同方式的知识的相关性;学生面临的困难;每个时刻最合适的任务(以及所需的查看窗口);观察窗口对图形外观的影响以及相关联的不同情况。
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引用次数: 4
The impact of Mathematics and Statistics Support at the Academic Learning Centre, Central Queensland University 中央昆士兰大学学术学习中心数学和统计支持的影响
IF 0.8 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1093/teamat/hry016
Michael Dzator;Janet Dzator
The Mathematics and Statistics Support Centre (MSSC) at Central Queensland University (CQU), which is part of the Academic Learning Centre (ALC), has been in operation since 1984 as the first MSSC in Australia. The Mathematics Learning Support (MLS) centres have spread to almost every university in Australia currently. The MSSC at CQU offers free support services for students who need mathematics and statistics help or advice for their courses. In this study we analyse the differences of the impact of mathematics and statistics support services on mature age students and secondary school-leaver (traditional) students study habits, confidence and opinion towards mathematics and statistics, using data collected from students who used the ALC at CQU in the second half of 2016. The results suggest a positive impact of mathematics and statistics support on mature age students’ study habits, confidence and opinion towards mathematics and statistics. Chi-squared tests have shown that there are differences in the proportion of mature students and traditional students who have changed their study habits, increased their confidence levels and changed their opinion on mathematics with p values of 0.001, 0.009 and 0.023, respectively. The study also shows that the majority of students are satisfied with the services provided at the MSSC and believe that the services provided helped them to solve or minimize difficulties in working through mathematics- and/or statistics-related learning activities at CQU. Based on the findings of the current study we conclude that the use of learning support centres is an effective way to solve or minimize difficulties associated with mathematics and statistics learning at a tertiary institution.
中央昆士兰大学(CQU)的数学与统计支持中心(MSSC)是学术学习中心(ALC)的一部分,自1984年以来一直作为澳大利亚第一个数学与统计中心运营。数学学习支持(MLS)中心目前已扩展到澳大利亚几乎每一所大学。CQU的MSSC为需要数学和统计学帮助或课程建议的学生提供免费支持服务。在这项研究中,我们使用2016年下半年在CQU使用ALC的学生收集的数据,分析了数学和统计支持服务对成年学生和中学毕业生(传统)的学习习惯、信心和对数学和统计的看法的影响差异。研究结果表明,数学和统计学支持对成年学生的学习习惯、对数学和统计学的信心和看法有积极影响。卡方检验表明,成熟学生和传统学生改变学习习惯、提高信心和改变数学观点的比例存在差异,p值分别为0.001、0.009和0.023。研究还表明,大多数学生对MSSC提供的服务感到满意,并认为所提供的服务帮助他们解决或最大限度地减少了在CQU进行数学和/或统计相关学习活动的困难。根据目前的研究结果,我们得出结论,使用学习支持中心是解决或尽量减少高等院校数学和统计学学习困难的有效方法。
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引用次数: 8
University students’ preferences for application problems and pure mathematics questions 大学生对应用题和纯数学题的偏好
IF 0.8 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1093/teamat/hry014
Sergiy Klymchuk;Kerri Spooner
The paper presents results of two case studies with undergraduate students majoring in applied mathematics and engineering. The first case study deals with students’ preferences for and difficulties with application problems and pure mathematics questions in their courses. The students were majoring in applied mathematics and taking a second-year course on ordinary differential equations. The second case study deals with students’ preferences for application problems and pure mathematics questions. The students were majoring in engineering and taking first- and second-year engineering mathematics courses. Students’ responses are presented and discussed in the paper.
本文介绍了应用数学和工程专业本科生的两个案例研究结果。第一个案例研究涉及学生在课程中对应用问题和纯数学问题的偏好和困难。学生们的专业是应用数学,并参加了二年级的常微分方程课程。第二个案例研究涉及学生对应用题和纯数学题的偏好。这些学生主修工程,修读一年级和二年级的工程数学课程。论文中介绍并讨论了学生的回答。
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引用次数: 1
Addressing common errors and misconceptions in integral calculus with clickers and classroom voting 用点击器和课堂投票解决微积分中的常见错误和误解
IF 0.8 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1093/teamat/hrz002
Kelly Cline;Holly Zullo;David A Huckaby
Common student errors and misconceptions can be addressed through the method of classroom voting, in which the instructor presents a multiple-choice question to the class, and after a few minutes for consideration and small-group discussion, each student votes on the correct answer, using a clicker or a phone. If a large number of students have voted for one particular incorrect answer, the instructor can recognize and address the issue. In order to identify multiple-choice questions that are especially effective at provoking common errors and misconceptions, we recorded the percentages of students voting for each option on each question used in 25 sections of integral calculus, taught by 7 instructors, at 4 institutions, over the course of 12 years, on a collection of 172 questions. We restricted our analysis to the 115 questions which were voted on by at least 5 different classes. We present the six questions that caused the largest percentages of students to vote for a particular incorrect answer, discuss how we used these questions in the classroom, and examine the common features of these questions. Further, we look for correlations between question characteristics and the mean percentage of students voting for common errors on these questions, and we find that questions based on general cases have higher percentages of students voting for common errors.
学生常见的错误和误解可以通过课堂投票的方法来解决,在课堂投票中,老师向全班同学提出一道选择题,经过几分钟的思考和小组讨论,每个学生都可以使用点击器或电话对正确答案进行投票。如果大量学生投票支持某个特定的错误答案,讲师可以识别并解决该问题。为了确定在引发常见错误和误解方面特别有效的多项选择题,我们记录了在12年的时间里,由4所院校的7名教师教授的25节微积分中,学生对172道题的每个选项的投票百分比。我们将我们的分析限制在115个问题上,这些问题由至少5个不同的班级投票决定。我们提出了六个问题,这些问题导致最大比例的学生投票支持特定的错误答案,讨论我们如何在课堂上使用这些问题,并检查这些问题的共同特征。此外,我们寻找问题特征与学生在这些问题上投票支持常见错误的平均百分比之间的相关性,我们发现基于一般情况的问题有更高的学生投票支持常见误差的百分比。
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引用次数: 6
Monomials and polynomials: the long march towards a definition 单调和多项式:迈向定义的长征
IF 0.8 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-03-01 DOI: 10.1093/teamat/hry015
Giorgio Bolondi;Federica Ferretti;Andrea Maffia
The process of pairing a name with representations or peculiar properties permeates many mathematics classroom situations. In school, many practices go under the label ‘definition’, even though they can be very different from what mathematicians conceive as a formal definition, and in fact there are substantial differences between these different kinds of practices. This can create difficulties for pupils, since they may encounter non-coherent definitions of the same thing. Features of these schemes are exemplified through the analysis of some algebra high school textbooks, looking at the proposed ‘definitions’ of monomials and polynomials. We show how all these definition schemes are used in textbooks. Starting from the observed differences, we highlight some educational research problems.
将名称与表征或特殊性质配对的过程渗透到许多数学课堂情境中。在学校里,许多实践都被贴上了“定义”的标签,尽管它们可能与数学家认为的形式定义非常不同,事实上,这些不同类型的实践之间存在着实质性的差异。这可能会给学生带来困难,因为他们可能会遇到对同一事物的不一致定义。通过对一些代数高中教科书的分析,以及对单项式和多项式的“定义”,举例说明了这些方案的特点。我们展示了所有这些定义方案是如何在教科书中使用的。从观察到的差异出发,我们强调了一些教育研究问题。
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引用次数: 10
Why is it difficult to understand statistical inference? Reflections on the opposing directions of construction and application of inference framework 为什么统计推断很难理解?对推理框架建构与应用对立方向的思考
IF 0.8 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2020-01-20 DOI: 10.1093/teamat/hrz014
Fulya Kula, R. G. Koçer
Difficulties in learning (and thus teaching) statistical inference are well reported in the literature. We argue the problem emanates not only from the way in which statistical inference is taught but also from what exactly is taught as statistical inference. What makes statistical inference difficult to understand is that it contains two logics that operate in opposite directions. There is a certain logic in the construction of the inference framework, and there is another in its application. The logic of construction commences from the population, reaches the sample through some steps and then comes back to the population by building and using the sampling distribution. The logic of application, on the other hand, starts from the sample and reaches the population by making use of the sampling distribution. The main problem in teaching statistical inference in our view is that students are taught the logic of application while the fundamental steps in the direction of construction are often overlooked. In this study, we examine and compare these two logics and argue that introductory statistical courses would benefit from using the direction of construction, which ensures that students internalize the way in which inference framework makes sense, rather than that of application.
在学习(以及教学)统计推理方面的困难在文献中有很好的报道。我们认为,这个问题不仅源于统计推理的教学方式,还源于统计推理的教学内容。统计推理之所以难以理解,是因为它包含两种相反方向的逻辑。推理框架的构造有一定的逻辑性,应用也有一定的逻辑性。构建逻辑从总体出发,经过一些步骤到达样本,然后通过构建和使用抽样分布回到总体。另一方面,应用逻辑从样本出发,利用抽样分布到达总体。我们认为,统计推理教学的主要问题是只教学生应用逻辑,而忽略了构建统计推理的基本步骤。在本研究中,我们检查并比较了这两种逻辑,并认为入门统计课程将受益于使用构建方向,这确保学生内化推理框架有意义的方式,而不是应用的方式。
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引用次数: 8
Evaluation and interpretation of student satisfaction with the quality of the university educational program in applied mathematics 学生对大学应用数学教育项目质量满意度的评价与解读
IF 0.8 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/teamat/hry005
Elena Kuznetsova
The objective of this article is to study undergraduate student satisfaction with the educational programme in Applied Mathematics in terms of identification of areas for teaching process improvement. Currently, there are no instruments for student evaluation of teaching accepted by the teaching community in Russia, and student feedback implementation is carried out only at certain universities. A questionnaire was developed for the purposes of course evaluation. It includes 10 parameters characterizing the format of the course, the adequacy of educational materials provided for students, the quality of teaching, specific features of course content and learning outcomes. Sixty-six final-year undergraduates evaluated 34 courses that comprise the Applied Mathematics programme based on their memories of past events with the help of a 100-point scale familiar to them. The results were studied using the following statistical methods: correlation, factor, regression and cluster analysis. As a result of the research, three factors were singled out. They are as follows: shortcomings in course arrangement and gaps in teaching skills, moral environment in the classroom and the intrinsic difficulty of the subject. They explain 90% of the variance of the student dissatisfaction parameter Need for a change and 59% of the variance of the teaching quality parameter Students’ level of knowledge. Cluster analysis allowed to single out items requiring corrective actions (‘severe problem’, ‘problem’ and ‘difficult’ courses) and to suggest strategies for their improvement.
本文的目的是研究本科生对应用数学教育课程的满意度,以确定教学过程改进的领域。目前,俄罗斯教学界还没有接受学生评估教学的工具,只有在某些大学才实施学生反馈。为了进行课程评估,编制了一份调查表。它包括10个参数,这些参数表征了课程的形式、为学生提供的教育材料的充分性、教学质量、课程内容的具体特点和学习结果。66名大四本科生根据他们对过去事件的记忆,在他们熟悉的100分量表的帮助下,对应用数学课程中的34门课程进行了评估。采用相关、因子、回归和聚类分析等统计方法对结果进行了研究。作为研究的结果,我们挑出了三个因素。主要表现为:课程设置上的不足和教学技巧上的差距、课堂道德环境和学科的内在困难。他们解释了学生不满参数“需要改变”的90%方差和教学质量参数“学生知识水平”的59%方差。聚类分析可以挑出需要纠正措施的项目(“严重问题”、“问题”和“困难”课程),并提出改进策略。
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引用次数: 8
Students’ mathematical performance, metacognitive experiences and metacognitive skills in relation to integral-area relationships 学生数学成绩、元认知经验及元认知技能与整区关系之关系
IF 0.8 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/teamat/hry006
Farzad Radmehr;Michael Drake
Previous studies have explored students’ understanding of the relationship between definite integrals and areas under curves, but not their metacognitive experiences and skills while solving such problems. This paper explores students’ mathematical performance, metacognitive experiences and metacognitive skills when solving integral-area tasks by interviewing nine university and eight Year 13 students using a think-aloud protocol. The findings show that the students could have benefitted from their teachers and lecturers placing greater emphasis on both their conceptual understanding of integral-area relationships and their metacognitive experiences and skills.
先前的研究探讨了学生对定积分和曲线下面积之间关系的理解,但没有探讨他们在解决这些问题时的元认知经验和技能。本文通过对9所大学和8名13年级学生的访谈,探讨了学生在解决整体领域任务时的数学表现、元认知体验和元认知技能。研究结果表明,学生本可以受益于他们的老师和讲师更加重视他们对整体区域关系的概念理解以及他们的元认知经验和技能。
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引用次数: 12
Mathematics in the disciplines at the transition to university 大学转型期的数学学科
IF 0.8 Q3 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/teamat/hry004
Mary McAlinden;Andrew Noyes
Mathematics education is highly valued in advanced economies due to its role in developing skilled workforces, economic resilience and social wellbeing. However, university academics across disciplines regularly bemoan undergraduate students’ under-preparedness for the mathematical and quantitative demands of undergraduate degree programmes. In this paper we consider this issue. We begin with a research synthesis of relevant literatures on mathematics within university study in the natural sciences (physics, chemistry and biology) and social sciences (economics, geography, psychology) that highlights the international nature of this problem. We then develop an historical national case study of how mathematics for pre-university study in England has evolved, culminating in a recent policy move which mandates the assessment of mathematics within disciplines. Finally, by integrating these two distinct perspectives we discuss wider issues relating to mathematics for the transition to higher education.
数学教育在发达经济体中受到高度重视,因为它在培养熟练劳动力、经济韧性和社会福利方面发挥着作用。然而,各学科的大学学者经常抱怨本科生对本科生学位课程的数学和数量需求准备不足。在本文中,我们考虑这个问题。我们首先对自然科学(物理、化学和生物学)和社会科学(经济、地理和心理学)大学学习中的数学相关文献进行研究综合,突出了这个问题的国际性。然后,我们开发了一个历史性的全国性案例研究,研究英国大学预科数学是如何发展的,最终导致了最近的一项政策举措,该政策要求在学科内评估数学。最后,通过整合这两个不同的视角,我们讨论了向高等教育过渡的数学相关的更广泛的问题。
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引用次数: 13
期刊
Teaching Mathematics and Its Applications
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