Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0023
Marius F. Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson
Gabon is located in central Africa. It is bordered by Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, and the Republic of Congo. A sparsely populated country covered at 85 per cent of its territory with forests, Gabon has a population of 1.7 million over a territory of 26,000 square kilometres (km). The population is highly urbanized, with more than four in five Gabonese living in the cities. The capital Libreville and Port-Gentil, the economic capital of the country hosts 59 per cent of the population. The official language of Gabon is French, and the currency used is the CFA.
{"title":"Gabon","authors":"Marius F. Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0023","url":null,"abstract":"Gabon is located in central Africa. It is bordered by Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, and the Republic of Congo. A sparsely populated country covered at 85 per cent of its territory with forests, Gabon has a population of 1.7 million over a territory of 26,000 square kilometres (km). The population is highly urbanized, with more than four in five Gabonese living in the cities. The capital Libreville and Port-Gentil, the economic capital of the country hosts 59 per cent of the population. The official language of Gabon is French, and the currency used is the CFA.","PeriodicalId":446286,"journal":{"name":"Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129878237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0024
Marius F. Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson
The Gambia, officially known as the Republic of Gambia, is the smallest country in Africa, with a total area of 11,295 square kilometres (km) and with a population of 2.101 million. The Gambia has an 80 km coastline bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and geographically surrounded by Senegal by land and Cape Verde by sea. Banjul, the capital, and Serekunda, the largest city, are located at the mouth of the Gambia River along the Atlantic Coast. Official working hours are 0800 to 1600 from Monday to Friday and 0800 to 1230 on Fridays. The currency in Gambia is the Gambian dalasi (GMD) and the country is primarily a cash-based economy.
{"title":"Gambia (The)","authors":"Marius F. Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0024","url":null,"abstract":"The Gambia, officially known as the Republic of Gambia, is the smallest country in Africa, with a total area of 11,295 square kilometres (km) and with a population of 2.101 million. The Gambia has an 80 km coastline bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and geographically surrounded by Senegal by land and Cape Verde by sea. Banjul, the capital, and Serekunda, the largest city, are located at the mouth of the Gambia River along the Atlantic Coast. Official working hours are 0800 to 1600 from Monday to Friday and 0800 to 1230 on Fridays. The currency in Gambia is the Gambian dalasi (GMD) and the country is primarily a cash-based economy.","PeriodicalId":446286,"journal":{"name":"Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126767537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0012
Marius Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson
The Central African Republic (Centrafrique) is a landlocked country bordered by Chad, Sudan, South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, and Cameroon. It is 622,984 square kilometres (km) and has a population of 4.7 million. Centrafrique has a long history of political instability and the latest security and humanitarian crisis of 2013 has deeply affected the country, leading to the displacement of approximately 25 per cent of the population. Although the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) has been deployed since April 2014 and democratic elections took place in 2016, Centrafrique is still very much a country in crisis, where violent conflict is all too common.
{"title":"Central African Republic","authors":"Marius Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"The Central African Republic (Centrafrique) is a landlocked country bordered by Chad, Sudan, South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, and Cameroon. It is 622,984 square kilometres (km) and has a population of 4.7 million. Centrafrique has a long history of political instability and the latest security and humanitarian crisis of 2013 has deeply affected the country, leading to the displacement of approximately 25 per cent of the population. Although the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) has been deployed since April 2014 and democratic elections took place in 2016, Centrafrique is still very much a country in crisis, where violent conflict is all too common.","PeriodicalId":446286,"journal":{"name":"Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134495106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0013
Marius F. Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson
Chad is a landlocked country in north-central Africa, bordered by Libya, Sudan, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Nigeria, and Niger. It covers 1.284 million square kilometres (km), making it the fifth largest country in Africa and the second largest in central Africa. Its population amounted to 14.4 million in 2016, the majority of which lives in rural areas. The capital and largest city of Chad is N’Djamena. The currency used is the Central African franc (CFA). Chad has two official languages, French and Arabic. French is widely spoken, especially in urban areas, and is used in public administration and in business. The working hours for government offices are usually Monday to Thursday from 0700 to 1530, with a 30-minute break at 1200, and Friday from 0700 to 1200. Offices are closed on Friday afternoons.
{"title":"Chad","authors":"Marius F. Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Chad is a landlocked country in north-central Africa, bordered by Libya, Sudan, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Nigeria, and Niger. It covers 1.284 million square kilometres (km), making it the fifth largest country in Africa and the second largest in central Africa. Its population amounted to 14.4 million in 2016, the majority of which lives in rural areas. The capital and largest city of Chad is N’Djamena. The currency used is the Central African franc (CFA). Chad has two official languages, French and Arabic. French is widely spoken, especially in urban areas, and is used in public administration and in business. The working hours for government offices are usually Monday to Thursday from 0700 to 1530, with a 30-minute break at 1200, and Friday from 0700 to 1200. Offices are closed on Friday afternoons.","PeriodicalId":446286,"journal":{"name":"Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114645024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0008
Marius Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson
Burkina Faso is a landlocked country in West Africa, surrounded by six countries: Benin, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, and Togo. It has an area of 274,200 square kilometres (km) and has a population of 18.6 million inhabitants. Its capital is Ouagadougou, where the biggest airport of Burkina Faso, Ouagadougou International Airport, is found. By 2021, a new airport should be operational at Dosin, located 30 km north from the capital. Having no access to the sea, Burkina Faso relies on the ports of its neighbouring countries for its commercial exchanges. Eighty per cent of the external trade of Burkina Faso is conducted by sea. The main ports available to Burkina Faso are Cotonou, Lomé, Téma, Takoradi, and Abidjan. In practice, the autonomous port of Abidjan is the main port of maritime entry and exit into Burkina Faso, having regained its lost market share caused by the crisis in Ivory Coast in September 2002. International roads link Ouagadougou to all neighbouring ports and a railway line operates between Ouagadougou and Abidjan.
{"title":"Burkina Faso","authors":"Marius Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Burkina Faso is a landlocked country in West Africa, surrounded by six countries: Benin, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Mali, Niger, and Togo. It has an area of 274,200 square kilometres (km) and has a population of 18.6 million inhabitants. Its capital is Ouagadougou, where the biggest airport of Burkina Faso, Ouagadougou International Airport, is found. By 2021, a new airport should be operational at Dosin, located 30 km north from the capital. Having no access to the sea, Burkina Faso relies on the ports of its neighbouring countries for its commercial exchanges. Eighty per cent of the external trade of Burkina Faso is conducted by sea. The main ports available to Burkina Faso are Cotonou, Lomé, Téma, Takoradi, and Abidjan. In practice, the autonomous port of Abidjan is the main port of maritime entry and exit into Burkina Faso, having regained its lost market share caused by the crisis in Ivory Coast in September 2002. International roads link Ouagadougou to all neighbouring ports and a railway line operates between Ouagadougou and Abidjan.","PeriodicalId":446286,"journal":{"name":"Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132008283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780198837336.003.0044
Marius Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson
São Tomé and Principe, officially known as the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Principe, is a Portuguese-speaking island nation situated in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Africa. The country has a total area of 1,001 square kilometres (km) with a population of 204,327 (2017). The capital and largest city is São Tomé. The normal working week is from Monday to Friday 0800 to 1500. São Tomé and Principe’s currency is the dobra (STD).
{"title":"São Tomé and Principe","authors":"Marius Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198837336.003.0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198837336.003.0044","url":null,"abstract":"São Tomé and Principe, officially known as the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Principe, is a Portuguese-speaking island nation situated in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Africa. The country has a total area of 1,001 square kilometres (km) with a population of 204,327 (2017). The capital and largest city is São Tomé. The normal working week is from Monday to Friday 0800 to 1500. São Tomé and Principe’s currency is the dobra (STD).","PeriodicalId":446286,"journal":{"name":"Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa","volume":"54 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141206672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0036
Marius Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson
The Islamic Republic of Mauritania is found in north-west Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean, a disputed region of Morocco (Western Sahara), Algeria, Senegal, and Mali. It is the eleventh largest country in Africa (1.030 million square kilometres (km)) with a population of about 4.3 million in 2016. Its population density of 3.9 inhabitants per square kilometre makes it the fourth least densely populated country in Africa. Mauritania is a desert country with as little as 0.5 per cent of its land being considered arable. Its capital city is Nouakchott which is also the biggest city in terms of inhabitants. Other main towns are Nouadhibou, Rosso, Atar, Tidjika, and Néma. The majority of the population, however, lives in rural areas.
{"title":"Mauritania","authors":"Marius Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0036","url":null,"abstract":"The Islamic Republic of Mauritania is found in north-west Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean, a disputed region of Morocco (Western Sahara), Algeria, Senegal, and Mali. It is the eleventh largest country in Africa (1.030 million square kilometres (km)) with a population of about 4.3 million in 2016. Its population density of 3.9 inhabitants per square kilometre makes it the fourth least densely populated country in Africa. Mauritania is a desert country with as little as 0.5 per cent of its land being considered arable. Its capital city is Nouakchott which is also the biggest city in terms of inhabitants. Other main towns are Nouadhibou, Rosso, Atar, Tidjika, and Néma. The majority of the population, however, lives in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":446286,"journal":{"name":"Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141206442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0022
Marius Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson
Ethiopia is a landlocked country in the north-eastern part of Africa, popularly known as the Horn of Africa, with an area of 1,104 million square kilometres (km). It shares borders with North and South Sudan, Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Kenya. It has a total population of approximately 110 million (2017), making it the second most populous nation in Africa, second to Nigeria. The capital city and largest city in Ethiopia is Addis Ababa and a population of 3,384,589. Addis Ababa also serves as the headquarters of the African Union (AU), the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), and is home to the country’s main government institutions, departments, and offices, including the Imperial Palace (residence and office of the Prime Minister) and the Ethiopian Parliamentary Building. Government offices are open from 0830 until 1730, with one hour lunch break from 1230 to 1330 on Monday to Thursday, and from 1130 until 1330 on Friday. The Ethiopian Birr (ETB) is the currency.
{"title":"Ethiopia","authors":"Marius Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0022","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia is a landlocked country in the north-eastern part of Africa, popularly known as the Horn of Africa, with an area of 1,104 million square kilometres (km). It shares borders with North and South Sudan, Somalia, Djibouti, Eritrea, and Kenya. It has a total population of approximately 110 million (2017), making it the second most populous nation in Africa, second to Nigeria. The capital city and largest city in Ethiopia is Addis Ababa and a population of 3,384,589. Addis Ababa also serves as the headquarters of the African Union (AU), the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), and is home to the country’s main government institutions, departments, and offices, including the Imperial Palace (residence and office of the Prime Minister) and the Ethiopian Parliamentary Building. Government offices are open from 0830 until 1730, with one hour lunch break from 1230 to 1330 on Monday to Thursday, and from 1130 until 1330 on Friday. The Ethiopian Birr (ETB) is the currency.","PeriodicalId":446286,"journal":{"name":"Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127877020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
São Tomé and Principe, officially known as the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Principe, is a Portuguese-speaking island nation situated in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Africa. The country has a total area of 1,001 square kilometres (km) with a population of 204,327 (2017). The capital and largest city is São Tomé. The normal working week is from Monday to Friday 0800 to 1500. São Tomé and Principe’s currency is the dobra (STD).
{"title":"São Tomé and Principe","authors":"Marius Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson","doi":"10.18356/e57e7ea5-en","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18356/e57e7ea5-en","url":null,"abstract":"São Tomé and Principe, officially known as the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Principe, is a Portuguese-speaking island nation situated in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Africa. The country has a total area of 1,001 square kilometres (km) with a population of 204,327 (2017). The capital and largest city is São Tomé. The normal working week is from Monday to Friday 0800 to 1500. São Tomé and Principe’s currency is the dobra (STD).","PeriodicalId":446286,"journal":{"name":"Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126125129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0002
Marius F. Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson
The African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO) was established on 9 December 1976 by the Lusaka Agreement.
非洲区域知识产权组织(ARIPO)根据《卢萨卡协定》于1976年12月9日成立。
{"title":"ARIPO","authors":"Marius F. Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"The African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO) was established on 9 December 1976 by the Lusaka Agreement.","PeriodicalId":446286,"journal":{"name":"Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa","volume":"57 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116557688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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