Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0054
Marius Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson
Found in North Africa, Tunisia borders Algeria, Libya, and the Mediterranean Sea. It is the northernmost country of Africa. The country is divided by the Atlas Mountain range: the northern area is predominantly forest and agricultural land while the southern part is semi-arid desert (Sahara Desert). In 2017, its population numbered 11.5 million people in an area of 165,000 square kilometres (km). The capital, Tunis, is the largest city of Tunisia and the centre of the political, administrative, commercial, and cultural life of the country.
{"title":"Tunisia","authors":"Marius Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0054","url":null,"abstract":"Found in North Africa, Tunisia borders Algeria, Libya, and the Mediterranean Sea. It is the northernmost country of Africa. The country is divided by the Atlas Mountain range: the northern area is predominantly forest and agricultural land while the southern part is semi-arid desert (Sahara Desert). In 2017, its population numbered 11.5 million people in an area of 165,000 square kilometres (km). The capital, Tunis, is the largest city of Tunisia and the centre of the political, administrative, commercial, and cultural life of the country.","PeriodicalId":446286,"journal":{"name":"Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123311606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0045
Marius Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson
Found in West Africa, at the westernmost point of the Sahel, Senegal surrounds The Gambia and is bordered by Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, and the Atlantic Ocean. It covers a surface of 196,712 square kilometres (km) and had a population of 15.4 million in 2016. The capital and biggest city of Senegal is Dakar, which is also the administrative, economic, and cultural centre of the country. About a quarter of the population lives around Dakar, and up to half in other urban areas. The currency used is the West African franc (CFA). The working week is from Monday to Friday, although during Ramadan, some offices may open and close earlier. The official languages are French and Wolof, both of which are widely spoken and understood.
{"title":"Senegal","authors":"Marius Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0045","url":null,"abstract":"Found in West Africa, at the westernmost point of the Sahel, Senegal surrounds The Gambia and is bordered by Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, and the Atlantic Ocean. It covers a surface of 196,712 square kilometres (km) and had a population of 15.4 million in 2016. The capital and biggest city of Senegal is Dakar, which is also the administrative, economic, and cultural centre of the country. About a quarter of the population lives around Dakar, and up to half in other urban areas. The currency used is the West African franc (CFA). The working week is from Monday to Friday, although during Ramadan, some offices may open and close earlier. The official languages are French and Wolof, both of which are widely spoken and understood.","PeriodicalId":446286,"journal":{"name":"Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125279640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0020
Marius F. Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson
Eritrea is located in North-East Africa and includes the Dahlak Archipelago and other islands along the Red Sea coast. It is bordered by Sudan, Djibouti, and the Red Sea, with a coastline of 1,200 kilometres (km) and land size of 117,598 km. The estimated population of Eritrea is 5.7 million. Asmara is the capital and lies on the Eritrean railway and a major road junction. It has an international airport situated just outside Asmara and its port is situated on the Red Sea at Massawa. The largest city in Eritrea is its capital, Asmara, with a population of over 563,000 people. The main business hours are Monday to Thursday between 0800 and 1200, and 1400 until 1800, and on Friday from 0700 until 1130, and 1400 to 1800. Banking hours are 0800 until 1600, with closure between 1100 and 1400, and on Saturdays from 0800 until 2300. The official currency is the Eritrean Nakfa (ERN).
{"title":"Eritrea","authors":"Marius F. Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Eritrea is located in North-East Africa and includes the Dahlak Archipelago and other islands along the Red Sea coast. It is bordered by Sudan, Djibouti, and the Red Sea, with a coastline of 1,200 kilometres (km) and land size of 117,598 km. The estimated population of Eritrea is 5.7 million. Asmara is the capital and lies on the Eritrean railway and a major road junction. It has an international airport situated just outside Asmara and its port is situated on the Red Sea at Massawa. The largest city in Eritrea is its capital, Asmara, with a population of over 563,000 people. The main business hours are Monday to Thursday between 0800 and 1200, and 1400 until 1800, and on Friday from 0700 until 1130, and 1400 to 1800. Banking hours are 0800 until 1600, with closure between 1100 and 1400, and on Saturdays from 0800 until 2300. The official currency is the Eritrean Nakfa (ERN).","PeriodicalId":446286,"journal":{"name":"Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa","volume":"25 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128193863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0057
Marius Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson
The Republic of Zimbabwe is a landlocked country in southern Africa and is bordered by Botswana, Zambia, Mozambique, and South Africa, with a total area of 386,847 Aquare kilometres (km) and a population of 16.53 million. Zimbabwe’s capital and largest city is Harare, with a population of 1.56 million people. Other large cities include Bulawayo, Chitungwiza, Mutare, and Gweru. The currency of Zimbabwe is the Zimbabwean dollar. Zimbabwe has not had its own independent currency for a decade, relying instead on the US dollar and a local money system pegged to the US dollar. In June 2019, the Zimbabwean authorities reintroduced the Zimbabwean dollar as the country’s sole legal tender. Working days are normally Monday to Friday from 0800 to 1630.
{"title":"Zimbabwe","authors":"Marius Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0057","url":null,"abstract":"The Republic of Zimbabwe is a landlocked country in southern Africa and is bordered by Botswana, Zambia, Mozambique, and South Africa, with a total area of 386,847 Aquare kilometres (km) and a population of 16.53 million. Zimbabwe’s capital and largest city is Harare, with a population of 1.56 million people. Other large cities include Bulawayo, Chitungwiza, Mutare, and Gweru. The currency of Zimbabwe is the Zimbabwean dollar. Zimbabwe has not had its own independent currency for a decade, relying instead on the US dollar and a local money system pegged to the US dollar. In June 2019, the Zimbabwean authorities reintroduced the Zimbabwean dollar as the country’s sole legal tender. Working days are normally Monday to Friday from 0800 to 1630.","PeriodicalId":446286,"journal":{"name":"Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141206379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0038
Marius Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson
Morocco is located in the Maghreb region in north-west Africa. It borders the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, Algeria, and Mauritania. It has an area of 710,850 square kilometres (km) with a population of 35.7 million in 2017. Morocco claims the areas of Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñn de Vélez de la Gomera, which are all currently under Spanish jurisdiction. The capital of Morocco is Rabat, while its largest city is Casablanca. The working week is from Monday to Fridays from 0900 to 1700. Most businesses close for lunch for two hours from noon except during the month of Ramadan, when they remain open at midday but close earlier in the afternoon. The currency of Morocco is the Moroccan dirham (MAD).
摩洛哥位于非洲西北部的马格里布地区。它与大西洋、地中海、阿尔及利亚和毛里塔尼亚接壤。它的面积为710,850平方公里，2017年人口为3570万。摩洛哥声称拥有休达、梅利利亚和Peñn de vacimlez de la Gomera地区，这些地区目前都在西班牙管辖之下。摩洛哥的首都是拉巴特，最大的城市是卡萨布兰卡。工作周为周一至周五上午9点至下午17点。除了在斋月期间，大多数商家从中午开始关闭午餐两个小时，他们在中午继续营业，但在下午关闭得更早。摩洛哥的货币是摩洛哥迪拉姆(MAD)。
{"title":"Morocco","authors":"Marius Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0038","url":null,"abstract":"Morocco is located in the Maghreb region in north-west Africa. It borders the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, Algeria, and Mauritania. It has an area of 710,850 square kilometres (km) with a population of 35.7 million in 2017. Morocco claims the areas of Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñn de Vélez de la Gomera, which are all currently under Spanish jurisdiction. The capital of Morocco is Rabat, while its largest city is Casablanca. The working week is from Monday to Fridays from 0900 to 1700. Most businesses close for lunch for two hours from noon except during the month of Ramadan, when they remain open at midday but close earlier in the afternoon. The currency of Morocco is the Moroccan dirham (MAD).","PeriodicalId":446286,"journal":{"name":"Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115400935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0041
Marius Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson
The Republic of Niger is a landlocked country found in West Africa. It is bordered by Libya, Chad, Nigeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Algeria. Its location places it in a turbulent region rife with political and religious violence, separatist and armed movements, intercommunal violence, and state collapse. Niger is over 1 million square kilometres (km) making it the largest country in West Africa and sixth largest in Africa. Its population in 2017 was estimated to be 21.5 million. Over 80 per cent of the land area lies in the Sahara Desert. Most people, around three-quarters of the population, live in the southern part of the country (around 12 per cent of the land area) where agriculture is possible. The capital and largest city, Niamey, has over 1 million inhabitants. Other important cities are: Agadez, Arlit, Tillabéry, Dosso, Tahoua, Maradi, Zinder, and Diffa. The population is, however, mainly rural with only 18 per cent of the population living in urban areas. The currency used is the West African franc (CFA). The official language is French and there are ten national languages. Before the courts, French is the admissible written language. Sentences are rendered in French.
{"title":"Niger","authors":"Marius Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0041","url":null,"abstract":"The Republic of Niger is a landlocked country found in West Africa. It is bordered by Libya, Chad, Nigeria, Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Algeria. Its location places it in a turbulent region rife with political and religious violence, separatist and armed movements, intercommunal violence, and state collapse. Niger is over 1 million square kilometres (km) making it the largest country in West Africa and sixth largest in Africa. Its population in 2017 was estimated to be 21.5 million. Over 80 per cent of the land area lies in the Sahara Desert. Most people, around three-quarters of the population, live in the southern part of the country (around 12 per cent of the land area) where agriculture is possible. The capital and largest city, Niamey, has over 1 million inhabitants. Other important cities are: Agadez, Arlit, Tillabéry, Dosso, Tahoua, Maradi, Zinder, and Diffa. The population is, however, mainly rural with only 18 per cent of the population living in urban areas. The currency used is the West African franc (CFA). The official language is French and there are ten national languages. Before the courts, French is the admissible written language. Sentences are rendered in French.","PeriodicalId":446286,"journal":{"name":"Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129161877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0003
Marius F. Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson
On 13 September 1962 in Libreville, Gabon, twelve Heads of State and Government adhered to the Agreement on the creation of the African and Malagasy Office of Industrial Property (OMAPI). The departure of Madagascar, the attribution of new competences in the area of copyright, and the need to interlink intellectual property with development soon created a need for a revised agreement. This led to the revision of the agreement in Bangui, Central African Republic on 2 March 1977 and to the creation of the African Intellectual Property Organization (OAPI, an acronym of Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle). A new revision of the agreement took place on 24 February 1999 to ensure the conformity of the agreement to the dispositions of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), to which all the Member States are party. This new agreement entered into force on 28 February 2002. Today the OAPI has seventeen Member States and represents more than 100 million inhabitants.
1962年9月13日，12个国家元首和政府首脑在加蓬利伯维尔签署了《关于设立非洲和马达加斯加工业产权局(OMAPI)的协定》。马达加斯加的退出、版权领域新权能的归属以及将知识产权与发展联系起来的需要，很快就产生了修订协定的需要。这导致1977年3月2日在中非共和国班吉修订了协议，并创建了非洲知识产权组织(OAPI, Organisation Africaine de la propri t Intellectuelle的缩写)。1999年2月24日对该协定进行了新的修订，以确保该协定符合所有成员国都是缔约方的《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》(TRIPS)的规定。这项新协定于2002年2月28日生效。今天，OAPI有17个成员国，代表着1亿多居民。
{"title":"OAPI","authors":"Marius F. Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"On 13 September 1962 in Libreville, Gabon, twelve Heads of State and Government adhered to the Agreement on the creation of the African and Malagasy Office of Industrial Property (OMAPI). The departure of Madagascar, the attribution of new competences in the area of copyright, and the need to interlink intellectual property with development soon created a need for a revised agreement. This led to the revision of the agreement in Bangui, Central African Republic on 2 March 1977 and to the creation of the African Intellectual Property Organization (OAPI, an acronym of Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle). A new revision of the agreement took place on 24 February 1999 to ensure the conformity of the agreement to the dispositions of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), to which all the Member States are party. This new agreement entered into force on 28 February 2002. Today the OAPI has seventeen Member States and represents more than 100 million inhabitants.","PeriodicalId":446286,"journal":{"name":"Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116920391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0005
Marius F. Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson
Located in South-Western Africa, Angola is the seventh largest country in Africa, with an area of 1,246,700 square kilometres (km) bordered by Namibia, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, and the Atlantic Ocean. It has a population of over 29 million people and has a population density of twenty-four people per km. Its capital city is Luanda, which functions as the country’s main port as a result of its location. Luanda is also the country’s economic and cultural centre; in 2018 the city was inhabited by 2,487 million of the country’s entire population. The other main cities are significantly smaller: Huambo is the second-largest city, with a population of 226,177 people, followed by Lobito, with a population of 207,957 people, then Benguela, Lubanga, and Malanje. Business hours are generally weekdays, Monday to Friday, 0800–1300 and 1400–1700. Most companies operate on Saturdays and Sundays, with some banks being open on Saturdays from 0800–1200. However, government departments only operate during weekdays. The currency used is the Kwanza (Kz).
{"title":"Angola","authors":"Marius F. Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Located in South-Western Africa, Angola is the seventh largest country in Africa, with an area of 1,246,700 square kilometres (km) bordered by Namibia, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, and the Atlantic Ocean. It has a population of over 29 million people and has a population density of twenty-four people per km. Its capital city is Luanda, which functions as the country’s main port as a result of its location. Luanda is also the country’s economic and cultural centre; in 2018 the city was inhabited by 2,487 million of the country’s entire population. The other main cities are significantly smaller: Huambo is the second-largest city, with a population of 226,177 people, followed by Lobito, with a population of 207,957 people, then Benguela, Lubanga, and Malanje. Business hours are generally weekdays, Monday to Friday, 0800–1300 and 1400–1700. Most companies operate on Saturdays and Sundays, with some banks being open on Saturdays from 0800–1200. However, government departments only operate during weekdays. The currency used is the Kwanza (Kz).","PeriodicalId":446286,"journal":{"name":"Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115065926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0034
Marius Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson
Malawi is a landlocked country located within south-east Africa, surrounded by Mozambique, Zambia, and Tanzania, with an area of 118,484 square kilometres (km) for a population of 18.62 million (2017). The capital of Malawi is Lilongwe. With an estimated population of 821,000 it is one of the largest cities in the country. The working week is from Monday to Friday, with business hours running from 0800 until 1700, with a one-hour lunch break. The currency used in Malawi is known as the Malawian kwacha (MWK).
{"title":"Malawi","authors":"Marius Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0034","url":null,"abstract":"Malawi is a landlocked country located within south-east Africa, surrounded by Mozambique, Zambia, and Tanzania, with an area of 118,484 square kilometres (km) for a population of 18.62 million (2017). The capital of Malawi is Lilongwe. With an estimated population of 821,000 it is one of the largest cities in the country. The working week is from Monday to Friday, with business hours running from 0800 until 1700, with a one-hour lunch break. The currency used in Malawi is known as the Malawian kwacha (MWK).","PeriodicalId":446286,"journal":{"name":"Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121716234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-05DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0011
Marius Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson
Cape Verde (officially known as the Republic of Cabo Verde) is a group of sub-tropical and volcanic islands in the north Atlantic Ocean off the west coast of Africa, approximately 664 kilometres (km) from Dakar, Senegal. The islands were first colonized by the Portuguese in 1462 and were an important part of the transatlantic slave route, where slaves were brought to the islands from West Africa, until the abolishment of the slave trade in 1876. Until 1879, Cape Verde was part of Portuguese Guinea (now Guinea-Bissau) and was incorporated as an overseas department of Portugal in 1951. The islands continued to campaign for independence which was peacefully achieved in 1975. Since the early 1990s, Cape Verde has been a stable representative democracy and remains one of the most developed and democratic countries in Africa.
{"title":"Cape Verde","authors":"Marius Schneider, Vanessa Ferguson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Cape Verde (officially known as the Republic of Cabo Verde) is a group of sub-tropical and volcanic islands in the north Atlantic Ocean off the west coast of Africa, approximately 664 kilometres (km) from Dakar, Senegal. The islands were first colonized by the Portuguese in 1462 and were an important part of the transatlantic slave route, where slaves were brought to the islands from West Africa, until the abolishment of the slave trade in 1876. Until 1879, Cape Verde was part of Portuguese Guinea (now Guinea-Bissau) and was incorporated as an overseas department of Portugal in 1951. The islands continued to campaign for independence which was peacefully achieved in 1975. Since the early 1990s, Cape Verde has been a stable representative democracy and remains one of the most developed and democratic countries in Africa.","PeriodicalId":446286,"journal":{"name":"Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129849656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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