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Data Processing Method for Artificial Neural Network ANN Based Microgrid Protection Model 基于人工神经网络的微电网保护模型数据处理方法
Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.46632/ese/2/1/8
Baidya Sanghita, Nandi Champa
Effective fault detection and isolation technologies are very necessary for uninterrupted power supply and for making a flexible protection scheme. Almost all protection schemes in the power system are based on data exchange among protection units through a strong communication structure. Thus, it is important to deal with a large amount of data. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the key factors in this regard. AI has several sections and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is one of them. It is suggested to implement the ANN-based models while working with big data. The existing protection models are facing difficulties while trying to deal with big data. Thus ANN-based approaches have come into the front line in advanced power system networks. The performance of the ANN model is depending on the training of the data set. Hence in this work, we are focusing on preparing the data to provide input in the ANN model. The principal component analysis (PCA) method is applied here for reduced the dimension of a large number of data sets. The new data set is used to run the k-means clustering algorithm. It is shown that the clustering is more accurate with the processed data set by PCA. Therefore, the prepared data set is used to run the ANN model that has a smaller size with higher information and minimum computational time. This study shows the data preparation part to train the ANN model.
有效的故障检测和隔离技术对于不间断供电和制定灵活的保护方案是非常必要的。电力系统中几乎所有的保护方案都是基于保护单元之间通过强通信结构进行数据交换。因此,处理大量数据是很重要的。人工智能(AI)是这方面的关键因素之一。人工智能有几个部分,人工神经网络(ANN)是其中之一。建议在处理大数据时实现基于人工神经网络的模型。现有的保护模式在处理大数据时面临困难。因此,基于人工神经网络的方法已成为先进电网的前沿。人工神经网络模型的性能取决于数据集的训练。因此,在这项工作中,我们专注于准备数据,为人工神经网络模型提供输入。本文采用主成分分析(PCA)方法对大量数据集进行降维。新数据集用于运行k-means聚类算法。结果表明,PCA处理后的数据集聚类精度更高。因此,使用准备好的数据集来运行规模更小、信息量更高、计算时间最少的人工神经网络模型。本研究展示了训练人工神经网络模型的数据准备部分。
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引用次数: 0
A Low-Cost and Dual band Microstrip Patch Antenna for Ku and K Band Applications 用于Ku和K波段应用的低成本双频微带贴片天线
Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.46632/eae/2/1/6
A. Suneel Kumar, R. Lakshmi Swarna Prasanna, V. Nandini, T. Dharma Teja, S. Sai
This paper examines a dual-band, low-cost microstrip patch antenna for Ku and K applications through simulation study. Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software is used to do the simulation analysis of the suggested antenna. Using Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software, the suggested antenna is constructed and simulated to evaluate several characteristics including reflection coefficient (S11), radiation pattern, gain, and bandwidth. The substrate for the antenna is made of FR-4, which has a relative permittivity of 4.4 and a dielectric loss tangent of 0.02. Using the microstrip feed line technology, the planned millimeter wave dual band antenna is examined at operating frequencies of 13 and 22 GHz. At frequencies of 13 and 22, respectively, the antenna's maximum gain values are 4.81 dB and4.82 dB in the x-y plane. The suggested material might be a decent substitute.
本文通过仿真研究,研究了一种适用于Ku和K应用的双频、低成本微带贴片天线。利用Ansys高频结构模拟器(HFSS)软件对所提出的天线进行仿真分析。利用Ansys高频结构模拟器(HFSS)软件对该天线进行了构造和仿真,评估了反射系数(S11)、辐射方向图、增益和带宽等特性。天线的衬底由FR-4制成,其相对介电常数为4.4,介电损耗正切为0.02。采用微带馈线技术,在13 GHz和22 GHz工作频率下对规划的毫米波双频天线进行了测试。在频率为13和22时,天线在x-y平面上的最大增益值分别为4.81 dB和4.82 dB。建议的材料可能是一个不错的替代品。
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引用次数: 0
A Comprehensive Study on Crop Recommendation System for Precision Agriculture Using Machine LearningAlgorithms 基于机器学习算法的精准农业作物推荐系统综合研究
Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.46632/eae/2/1/5
Vutukuru Keerthi Reddy, Vanmalli Varshini, N. Gireesh, M. Venkata Naresh
Crop recommendation is among the most crucial components of the field known as precision agriculture. The crop recommendations were formulated after considering a wide range of distinct considerations. The term "precision agriculture" refers to a method of contemporary farming that makes use of information on soil features, soil kinds, and other factors, such as crop yields, and weather conditions to provide farmers with recommendations regarding the types of crops that would be most beneficial to grow on their farms to achieve the highest possible levels of both yield and profit. The crop recommendation system is currently being built with the use of machine learning methods including Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, XG Boost, Light GBM, SVM, and decision tree. The process of identifying the best crop to produce is aided by the information that consists of qualities such as potassium (K), phosphorous (P), and nitrogen (N) as well as temperature, humidity, pH, and rainfall. This application will be of assistance to farmers in enhancing agricultural output, minimizing the deterioration of soil on the cultivated ground, reducing the number of chemicals used in agricultural production, and increasing the productivity of cultivated land with available water resources. Also, this application recommends the top 5 prioritized crops to farmers. XG Boost achieved the best accuracy of 99.500 out of all these classifiers that were utilized in this paper. It also achieved the highest recall score of 99.545455, a precision score of 99.564935, and an F1 score of 99.545669.
作物推荐是精准农业领域最关键的组成部分之一。作物建议是在考虑了广泛的不同因素后制定的。“精准农业”一词指的是一种现代农业方法,它利用土壤特征、土壤种类和其他因素(如作物产量和天气条件)的信息,向农民提供关于最有利于在农场种植的作物类型的建议,以实现最高的产量和利润水平。作物推荐系统目前正在使用机器学习方法构建,包括随机森林、梯度增强、XG增强、Light GBM、SVM和决策树。确定最佳作物生产的过程是由钾(K)、磷(P)和氮(N)等品质以及温度、湿度、pH值和降雨量等信息组成的。这种应用将有助于农民提高农业产量,尽量减少耕地土壤的退化,减少农业生产中使用的化学品的数量,并利用现有的水资源提高耕地的生产力。此外,该应用程序还向农民推荐5种最优先的作物。在本文使用的所有分类器中,XG Boost达到了99.500的最佳准确率。它还获得了最高的召回分数99.545455,精度分数99.564935,F1分数99.545669。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Serial Controllable Facts Devices on Voltage Stability 串行可控事实器件对电压稳定性的影响
Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.46632/eae/2/1/3
K. Sujeeth Kumara, J. Sathwikab, B. Sruthic, R. Pravachand, B. Vijay kumare
As the world's population continues to grow, the demand for electricity is also increasing rapidly. Ensuring the quality of power supply, voltage stability, unity power factor, and minimizing power losses is essential for delivering power to every user end. In order to achieve this, compensation techniques are needed. This project focuses on Serial controllable Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices, such as Controllable Series Compensator (CSC) and Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC), which have a significant impact on the voltage and power stability of an electric power system (EPS). The mathematical derivation of the voltage dependency of CSC and SSSC is extracted for the single-load infinitive-bus model (SLIB). New analytical equations are developed to compare the impact of CSC and SSSC on voltage stability in a five-bus system. The results of the analysis are expected to reveal that CSC has a crucial role to play in enhancing voltage stability, and its impact is greater than that of SSSC when considering equal CSC and SSSC MVA ratings. When it comes to voltage controllability, SSSC (Static synchronous series compensator) is superior to CSC (Controllable Series Compensator), especially in situations where there are having low voltages or having low loads.
随着世界人口的持续增长,对电力的需求也在迅速增加。保证供电质量、电压稳定、统一的功率因数和最大限度地减少功率损耗是向每个用户端供电的关键。为了实现这一点,需要补偿技术。本课题重点研究串联可控柔性交流传输系统(FACTS)器件,如可控串联补偿器(CSC)和静态同步串联补偿器(SSSC),它们对电力系统(EPS)的电压和功率稳定性有重要影响。针对单负载不定式母线模型(SLIB),导出了CSC和SSSC电压依赖关系的数学推导。建立了新的解析方程,比较了五母线系统中CSC和SSSC对电压稳定性的影响。分析结果预计将揭示CSC在提高电压稳定性方面发挥着至关重要的作用,并且在考虑相同的CSC和SSSC MVA额定值时,其影响大于SSSC。在电压可控性方面,SSSC(静态同步串联补偿器)优于CSC(可控串联补偿器),特别是在低电压或低负载的情况下。
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引用次数: 0
Controlling Media Player Using Hand Gestures 使用手势控制媒体播放器
Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.46632/eae/2/1/7
K. Chakradhar, Prasanna Rejinthala Lakshmi, salla chowdary Sree Rama Brunda, Bharath Pola, Bhargava Petlu
Computer usage is increasing rapidly day by day but the input devices are limited and to access them, we need to be near the screen. To overcome this problem and control the screen, we can use hand gestures. For every operation, we used different hand gestures. We proposed a python program to control the media player through hand gestures. In this method, we used libraries like OpenCV, Media Pipe, PyAuto GUI, and other libraries to capture the video, provide ready-to-use ML solutions and automate your GUI and programmatically control your keyboard and mouse. Hand gestures will be used as the input for providing natural interaction by reducing external hardware interaction. The whole process is divided into two steps. Firstly, gesture recognition through the camera is done by OpenCV and media Pipe helps to identify the gesture b its position, and the respective command is executed. Secondly, PyAuto GUI is used to automate the keyboard and controls the media player.
计算机的使用日益迅速,但输入设备是有限的,我们需要靠近屏幕才能访问它们。为了克服这个问题并控制屏幕,我们可以使用手势。对于每个操作,我们使用不同的手势。我们提出了一个python程序来通过手势控制媒体播放器。在这种方法中,我们使用像OpenCV, Media Pipe, PyAuto GUI和其他库来捕获视频,提供现成的ML解决方案,自动化GUI并以编程方式控制键盘和鼠标。手势将被用作输入,通过减少外部硬件交互来提供自然交互。整个过程分为两个步骤。首先,通过摄像头进行手势识别是由OpenCV和media Pipe帮助识别手势的位置,并执行相应的命令。其次,使用PyAuto GUI实现键盘的自动化和媒体播放器的控制。
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引用次数: 0
Empirical Wavelet Transform Method for Enhancement of Medical Image Fusion 基于经验小波变换的医学图像融合增强方法
Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.46632/ese/2/1/10
Nagendra Reddy Nelaturi, Jayalakshmi Bitra, Rao Goli Srinivasa
The process of creating an image's emulsion is selecting the crucial details from numerous images and combining them into smaller images, often one bone. In the areas of satellite imaging, remote seeing, target shadowing, medical imaging, and many other areas, image emulsion is quite useful. This design tries to illustrate how Empirical Wavelet transfigures work when used with the Simple Average Emulsion Rule to emulsify multi-focus images. The suggested approach has been tested using common datasets for merging images with various focal points. Empirical Wavelet Transform is primarily a method that uses an adaptive approach to produce a Multi-Resolution Analysis of the signal. The effectiveness of the suggested approach is calculated in a variety of ways. Visual perception and the evaluation of common quality metrics, such as Root Mean Squared Error, Entropy, and Peak Signal to Noise ratio, are used to compare the performance of the proposed system. The proposed fashion based on the Empirical Wavelet Transform (EWT) outperforms the existing methods, according to the study of the experimental results. According to the suggested criteria, the fused image's entropy should be higher than the component images' because the emulsion's efficiency decreases as entropy increases. This technique takes MRI and CT scans into account.
制作图像乳剂的过程是从众多图像中选择关键细节,并将它们组合成更小的图像,通常是一根骨头。在卫星成像、遥视、目标阴影、医学成像等许多领域,图像乳剂都是非常有用的。本设计试图说明经验小波变换与简单平均乳化规则一起使用时如何乳化多焦点图像。建议的方法已经使用通用数据集进行了测试,用于合并具有不同焦点的图像。经验小波变换主要是一种使用自适应方法对信号进行多分辨率分析的方法。所建议的方法的有效性是用多种方法来计算的。视觉感知和常见质量指标的评估,如均方根误差、熵和峰值信噪比,被用来比较所提出的系统的性能。实验结果表明,本文提出的基于经验小波变换(EWT)的方法优于现有的方法。根据所建议的准则,融合后的图像的熵值应高于分量图像,因为随着熵值的增加,乳剂的效率会降低。这项技术考虑了核磁共振成像和CT扫描。
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引用次数: 0
Pulse Monitoring System 脉搏监测系统
Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.46632/eae/2/1/4
M. Jyothirmai, M. Jyothi
An electrical device called a heartbeat sensor is used to detect a person's heart rate, or heartbeat pace. The fundamental things we do to keep ourselves healthy are to monitor our body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. We utilise thermometers and a sphygmomanometer to check the blood pressure and arterial pressure in addition to measuring body temperature. A heartbeat sensor can be used to monitor heart rate in addition to manually checking the pulse at the wrists or neck. In this experiment, the heartbeat is found using fingertip pulse oximetry. The amount of blood in the fingertip increases during diastole and decreases during systole of the heart. If you could somehow count the number of pulses in one minute, that would be the heart rate in beats per minute. The subsequent pulsing of blood volume inside the fingertip is precisely proportional to heart rate (bpm).
一种被称为心跳传感器的电子设备被用来检测人的心率或心跳速度。为了保持健康,我们做的最基本的事情是监测我们的体温、心率和血压。除了测量体温外,我们还使用体温计和血压计来测量血压和动脉压。除了手动检查手腕或颈部的脉搏外,还可以使用心跳传感器来监测心率。在这个实验中,心跳是用指尖脉搏血氧仪来检测的。指尖的血量在心脏舒张期增加,在心脏收缩期减少。如果你能数出一分钟内脉搏的次数,那就是每分钟的心率。随后指尖内血容量的脉动与心率(bpm)精确成正比。
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引用次数: 0
Data Processing Method for Artificial Neural Network ANN Based Micro grid Protection Model 基于人工神经网络的微电网保护模型数据处理方法
Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.46632/ese/2/1/18
Baidya Sanghita, Nandi Champa
Effective fault detection and isolation technologies are very necessary for uninterrupted power supply and for making a flexible protection scheme. Almost all protection schemes in the power system are based on data exchange among protection units through a strong communication structure. Thus, it is important to deal with a large amount of data. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the key factors in this regard. AI has several sections and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is one of them. It is suggested to implement the ANN-based models while working with big data. The existing protection models are facing difficulties while trying to deal with big data. Thus ANN-based approaches have come into the front line in advanced power system networks. The performance of the ANN model is depending on the training of the data set. Hence in this work, we are focusing on preparing the data to provide input in the ANN model. The principal component analysis (PCA) method is applied here for reduced the dimension of a large number of data sets. The new data set is used to run the k-means clustering algorithm. It is shown that the clustering is more accurate with the processed data set by PCA. Therefore, the prepared data set is used to run the ANN model that has a smaller size with higher information and minimum computational time. This study shows the data preparation part to train the ANN model.
有效的故障检测和隔离技术对于不间断供电和制定灵活的保护方案是非常必要的。电力系统中几乎所有的保护方案都是基于保护单元之间通过强通信结构进行数据交换。因此,处理大量数据是很重要的。人工智能(AI)是这方面的关键因素之一。人工智能有几个部分,人工神经网络(ANN)是其中之一。建议在处理大数据时实现基于人工神经网络的模型。现有的保护模式在处理大数据时面临困难。因此,基于人工神经网络的方法已成为先进电网的前沿。人工神经网络模型的性能取决于数据集的训练。因此,在这项工作中,我们专注于准备数据,为人工神经网络模型提供输入。本文采用主成分分析(PCA)方法对大量数据集进行降维。新数据集用于运行k-means聚类算法。结果表明,PCA处理后的数据集聚类精度更高。因此,使用准备好的数据集来运行规模更小、信息量更高、计算时间最少的人工神经网络模型。本研究展示了训练人工神经网络模型的数据准备部分。
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引用次数: 0
Implementation of Driver Drowsiness Detection and Accident Prevention System Using Wireless Sensors 基于无线传感器的驾驶员困倦检测与事故预防系统的实现
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.46632/eae/2/1/1
Nowadays we can see a lot of accidents occurring on the road. And nearly 78.4% of road accidents are occurring due to the drowsiness of drivers riding the vehicles. To avoid road accidents, there is a need for a driver assistance system for monitoring the activities of drivers. The proposed technique monitors the driver's eye movements using an eye blink sensor located in the device, in case of driver closes the eye frequently or other abnormal moments occurred, the eye blink sensors produce the alarm sound for altering the driver to stop the vehicle with an IR sensor attached to it. Also, an alcohol sensor is attached to it which detects the alcohol consumed by the driver and in case of alcohol is detected, it buzzes an alarm which in order avoids the road accidents.
现在我们可以看到很多事故发生在道路上。近78.4%的交通事故是由于司机在开车时打瞌睡造成的。为了避免交通意外,我们需要一个驾驶辅助系统来监察驾驶人的活动。该技术利用装置内的眨眼传感器监测驾驶员的眼球运动,当驾驶员频繁闭眼或发生其他异常时刻时,眨眼传感器通过附着的红外传感器发出警报声音,改变驾驶员停车。此外,它还附加了一个酒精传感器,可以检测驾驶员消耗的酒精,如果检测到酒精,它就会发出警报,以避免道路事故。
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引用次数: 0
Wi-Fi Door Lock Using Esp32 Cam and Blynk 使用Esp32摄像头和Blynk的Wi-Fi门锁
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.46632/eae/2/1/18
P. Divya, V. Devaraj, V. Aswin
This paper describes a smart Wi-Fi door lock system developed using the esp32 cam and BLYNK app. the system aims to enhance home security by providing real-time notifications and visual verification of visitors. When the doorbell rings, the homeowner receives a notification on their smartphone along with a captured image of the person at the door. This allows the homeowner to remotely verify the individual's identity before granting access by unlocking the door through the door security system application. by bridging traditional door locks with advanced technology, this solution offers convenience and control to homeowners, ensuring the safety of their homes even when they are not present.
本文介绍了一种利用esp32摄像头和BLYNK应用程序开发的智能Wi-Fi门锁系统,该系统旨在通过提供实时通知和访客视觉验证来增强家庭安全。当门铃响起时,房主会在智能手机上收到一条通知,同时还会收到门口那个人的照片。这使得房主可以在通过门安全系统应用程序解锁门之前远程验证个人的身份。通过将传统门锁与先进技术相结合,该解决方案为房主提供了便利和控制,即使他们不在场也能确保房屋的安全。
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引用次数: 0
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Electrical and Automation Engineering
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