The engineering of microstructures has been adopted as an effective approach to tune the overall performance of advanced materials. In this article, inspired by hierarchical porous biomaterials, the multiphysical properties of hierarchical cellular ferroelectric metamaterials constructed of six commonly used primitive cubic unit cells are elicited. Both multiscale asymptotic homogenization and scaling relationship methods are proposed to predict the effective ferroelectric properties of hierarchical cellular metamaterials. Analysis on the influence of design parameters, e.g. hierarchical order, cell topology, and relative density on their effective ferroelectric figures of merit is conducted. The 2 nd -order hierarchical cellular ferroelectric metamaterial exhibits remarkable improvement compared to the corresponding 1 st -order unit cell. For example, the normalized FOM 33 of hybrid 2 nd -order T3-2/L3-1 ( ρ 1 = 0.2, ρ 2 = 0.25) is 117.49, while it is 19.95 for 1 st -order L3-1 ( ρ = 0.05). Increasing the structural hierarchical order can further improve the effective ferroelectric properties of hierarchical cellular ferroelectric metamaterials. This work highlights the potential of ultralight hierarchical ferroelectric metamaterials as the next generation of hydrophone, IR detector, flexible self-powered sensors, and thermal energy harvesting devices.
{"title":"Hierarchical Cellular Ferroelectric Metamaterials","authors":"Jiahao Shi, H. Akbarzadeh","doi":"10.32393/csme.2021.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2021.81","url":null,"abstract":"The engineering of microstructures has been adopted as an effective approach to tune the overall performance of advanced materials. In this article, inspired by hierarchical porous biomaterials, the multiphysical properties of hierarchical cellular ferroelectric metamaterials constructed of six commonly used primitive cubic unit cells are elicited. Both multiscale asymptotic homogenization and scaling relationship methods are proposed to predict the effective ferroelectric properties of hierarchical cellular metamaterials. Analysis on the influence of design parameters, e.g. hierarchical order, cell topology, and relative density on their effective ferroelectric figures of merit is conducted. The 2 nd -order hierarchical cellular ferroelectric metamaterial exhibits remarkable improvement compared to the corresponding 1 st -order unit cell. For example, the normalized FOM 33 of hybrid 2 nd -order T3-2/L3-1 ( ρ 1 = 0.2, ρ 2 = 0.25) is 117.49, while it is 19.95 for 1 st -order L3-1 ( ρ = 0.05). Increasing the structural hierarchical order can further improve the effective ferroelectric properties of hierarchical cellular ferroelectric metamaterials. This work highlights the potential of ultralight hierarchical ferroelectric metamaterials as the next generation of hydrophone, IR detector, flexible self-powered sensors, and thermal energy harvesting devices.","PeriodicalId":446767,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 4","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123041282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dimensional Synthesis Of A 2-Pss/U Manipulator","authors":"Taufiq Rahman, N. Krouglicof","doi":"10.32393/csme.2021.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2021.110","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":446767,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 4","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127127399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modern wind turbines are generally used for electricity generation; however, the final form of energy required by many users is thermal energy. Although electrical energy conversion to thermal energy is a high-efficiency process, electricity generation efficiency from wind turbines is usually low. A wind-powered heat generator is proposed that would convert the kinetic energy directly into thermal energy through the process of viscous dissipation; this process is achieved through the agitation of the working fluid inside a container. This heat generator uses an optimized flat blade turbine (FBT) impeller and a fully baffled configuration. For the experimental study, an electric motor is used to provide the kinetic energy input to the heat generator. A torque sensor, tachometer, and thermocouples are used to measure torque, rotational speed, and temperature rise of the fluid, respectively. Using the measured quantities, the efficiency of energy conversion from kinetic energy to sensible heat energy is determined. Experiments are conducted at different rotational speeds and for different working fluids. The experimental results indicate that the heat generator is up to 90% efficient in energy conversion, and the temperature rise rate increases with an increase in the impeller's diameter and the rotational speed. Furthermore, experiments indicate that changing working fluid does not impact heat generator’s performance. A wind turbine can power this heat generator to provide heat to a house or a commercial building. This innovative renewable energy technology would benefit remote areas with cold weather and rich in wind energy.
{"title":"Experimental Study On Direct Kinetic To Thermal Energy Conversion","authors":"M. Javed, X. Duan","doi":"10.32393/csme.2021.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2021.98","url":null,"abstract":"Modern wind turbines are generally used for electricity generation; however, the final form of energy required by many users is thermal energy. Although electrical energy conversion to thermal energy is a high-efficiency process, electricity generation efficiency from wind turbines is usually low. A wind-powered heat generator is proposed that would convert the kinetic energy directly into thermal energy through the process of viscous dissipation; this process is achieved through the agitation of the working fluid inside a container. This heat generator uses an optimized flat blade turbine (FBT) impeller and a fully baffled configuration. For the experimental study, an electric motor is used to provide the kinetic energy input to the heat generator. A torque sensor, tachometer, and thermocouples are used to measure torque, rotational speed, and temperature rise of the fluid, respectively. Using the measured quantities, the efficiency of energy conversion from kinetic energy to sensible heat energy is determined. Experiments are conducted at different rotational speeds and for different working fluids. The experimental results indicate that the heat generator is up to 90% efficient in energy conversion, and the temperature rise rate increases with an increase in the impeller's diameter and the rotational speed. Furthermore, experiments indicate that changing working fluid does not impact heat generator’s performance. A wind turbine can power this heat generator to provide heat to a house or a commercial building. This innovative renewable energy technology would benefit remote areas with cold weather and rich in wind energy.","PeriodicalId":446767,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 4","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127265925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation Of The Nozzles' Spacing Impact On The Interference Of Unequal Parallel Round Jets: Large Eddy Simulation Study","authors":"M. Karami, S. Ramezani, H. Tofighian","doi":"10.32393/csme.2021.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2021.43","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":446767,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 4","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126137764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison Of The Elastic Modulus Of Elastomer Clay Nanocomposites Predicted By Various Mechanical Models","authors":"Mahima Dua, P. Mertiny","doi":"10.32393/csme.2021.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2021.174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":446767,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 4","volume":"48 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125687778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
—This paper presents a derivation of the attitude dynamics equations of motion of a CubeSat with reaction wheels. The rigid-body equations of motion can be extended to any number of arbitrarily-oriented and arbitrarily-located reaction wheels. The equations of motion are implemented and validated using numerical simulations. It is then shown how the resulting equations of motion can be propagated within a quaternion-based extended Kalman filter. This filter combines attitude quaternion and angular velocity measurements with the derived attitude dynamics model. For the simulation conditions used in this research, the filter provides an improved estimate of the CubeSat’s attitude quaternion and angular rates.
{"title":"Attitude Dynamics Model Of A Cubesat With Reaction Wheels For An Extended Kalman Filter","authors":"Robert Bauer","doi":"10.32393/csme.2021.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2021.96","url":null,"abstract":"—This paper presents a derivation of the attitude dynamics equations of motion of a CubeSat with reaction wheels. The rigid-body equations of motion can be extended to any number of arbitrarily-oriented and arbitrarily-located reaction wheels. The equations of motion are implemented and validated using numerical simulations. It is then shown how the resulting equations of motion can be propagated within a quaternion-based extended Kalman filter. This filter combines attitude quaternion and angular velocity measurements with the derived attitude dynamics model. For the simulation conditions used in this research, the filter provides an improved estimate of the CubeSat’s attitude quaternion and angular rates.","PeriodicalId":446767,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 4","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116230891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
—Biocompatible hydrogels, or bioinks, are an essential component of 3D bioprinting technology. Bioinks must balance being able to support cells, biocompatibility, controlled degradation rates, printability as well as a host of mechanical properties. One step towards the development of a bioink is the understanding of its rheological properties. In this work we examine the properties of a gelatin-alginate-cellulose nanofibril (CNF) composite hydrogel, as well as the individual components. We found that the proposed bioink had a relatively weak structure due to the purely physical crosslinking mechanisms employed. The hydrogel did have excellent shear-thinning properties as well as a highly tunable viscosity making it a good candidate for bioprinting applications.
{"title":"Rheological Analysis Of A Cellulose Nanofibril Composite Hydrogel Bioink For Bioprinting Applications","authors":"R. Carrick, A. Czekanski, Terry Sachlos","doi":"10.32393/csme.2021.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2021.229","url":null,"abstract":"—Biocompatible hydrogels, or bioinks, are an essential component of 3D bioprinting technology. Bioinks must balance being able to support cells, biocompatibility, controlled degradation rates, printability as well as a host of mechanical properties. One step towards the development of a bioink is the understanding of its rheological properties. In this work we examine the properties of a gelatin-alginate-cellulose nanofibril (CNF) composite hydrogel, as well as the individual components. We found that the proposed bioink had a relatively weak structure due to the purely physical crosslinking mechanisms employed. The hydrogel did have excellent shear-thinning properties as well as a highly tunable viscosity making it a good candidate for bioprinting applications.","PeriodicalId":446767,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 4","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122464991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
—The present study compares the results of compli- ance and mass minimization problems for 3D printed polymers produced using the fused filament fabrication method. Optimiza- tion is performed for both the topology and the fiber angle orientation. The compliance minimization optimum is used as the compliance threshold of the mass minimization problem.
{"title":"Mass And Compliance Minimization Of 3D Printed Polymers","authors":"A. Moter, Mohamed Abdelhamid, A. Czekanski","doi":"10.32393/csme.2021.190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2021.190","url":null,"abstract":"—The present study compares the results of compli- ance and mass minimization problems for 3D printed polymers produced using the fused filament fabrication method. Optimiza- tion is performed for both the topology and the fiber angle orientation. The compliance minimization optimum is used as the compliance threshold of the mass minimization problem.","PeriodicalId":446767,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 4","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129925556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erwan Beaugendre, Junior Lagrandeur, Mohamad Cheayb, S. Poncet
—A trigenerative compressed air energy storage sys- tem (CAES) integrating vortex tubes is investigated numerically. In this work, the system is sized according to the electrical power required for the community of Aupaluk in Nunavik (QC). The vortex tube parameters are optimized using a genetic algorithm to maximize the electrical efficiency of the system and the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. The proposed system increases both the electrical efficiency and the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions when compared to the same system using a throttling valve in the discharging process. Details on the pressure and temperature levels at each step of the system are provided for the optimal solution. Finally, vortex tubes may generate liquid carbon dioxide from atmospheric air in CAES using high storage pressure. This new quadrigeneration CAES is one promising way to address the problem of climate change.
{"title":"Multiobjective Optimization Of Vortex Tubes Integrated In A Trigenerative Compressed Air Energy Storage System","authors":"Erwan Beaugendre, Junior Lagrandeur, Mohamad Cheayb, S. Poncet","doi":"10.32393/csme.2021.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2021.53","url":null,"abstract":"—A trigenerative compressed air energy storage sys- tem (CAES) integrating vortex tubes is investigated numerically. In this work, the system is sized according to the electrical power required for the community of Aupaluk in Nunavik (QC). The vortex tube parameters are optimized using a genetic algorithm to maximize the electrical efficiency of the system and the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. The proposed system increases both the electrical efficiency and the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions when compared to the same system using a throttling valve in the discharging process. Details on the pressure and temperature levels at each step of the system are provided for the optimal solution. Finally, vortex tubes may generate liquid carbon dioxide from atmospheric air in CAES using high storage pressure. This new quadrigeneration CAES is one promising way to address the problem of climate change.","PeriodicalId":446767,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 4","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128356417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. MacPherson, Roger Irakoze, Eagan Boire, Darvin Patel, Cole Hawes, Aidan Gallant, G. McSorley
The SpudNik-1 CubeSat project from the University of Prince Edward Island uses a low-cost design for the satellite communications subsystem and ground station. The project uses resources available in-house to design, manufacture, and test satellite components that are normally obtained commercially. Namely, the unique deployment mechanism of the Flat Turnstile Antenna has been designed and will be manufactured by the UPEI CubeSat team. The communications subsystem uses frequencies in UHF for Telemetry, Tracking and Command (TT&C) and S-Band to downlink payload data. The UHF antenna on the satellite is a circularly polarized turnstile antenna and consists of an electrical and mechanical subsystem. The mechanical design is a platform used to store 171.4 mm coiled steel tape antennas (¼ wavelength) held in place prior to deployment. The electrical design of the antenna is implemented in a PCB mounted with four U.FL connectors to connect coaxial cable to the ends of the antennas. The board contains RF power splitters to connect the monopole antennas to create a turnstile antenna. The power splitters combine the signal to connect to the MMCX port mounted to the board, which connects coaxial cable to the transceiver for uplink/downlink communications. The UPEI ground station will use an S-Band Dish antenna for receiving payload data and a single UHF Yagi antenna for uplink and downlink of TT&C data. Both antennas are mounted to a rotator controlling the orientation in azimuth and elevation, with the Yagi connected via a boom. The mode of the UHF ground station link is controlled by a coaxial switch and automated by the ground station operational programming which will determine when a UHF signal is being transmitted or received. A LimeSDR will be used as the ground station transceiver, connected to a computer running SDR Console and GNU Radio
{"title":"Design Of Satellite Antenna And Ground Equipment For Communication System Of A Remote Sensing Satellite","authors":"S. MacPherson, Roger Irakoze, Eagan Boire, Darvin Patel, Cole Hawes, Aidan Gallant, G. McSorley","doi":"10.32393/csme.2021.246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2021.246","url":null,"abstract":"The SpudNik-1 CubeSat project from the University of Prince Edward Island uses a low-cost design for the satellite communications subsystem and ground station. The project uses resources available in-house to design, manufacture, and test satellite components that are normally obtained commercially. Namely, the unique deployment mechanism of the Flat Turnstile Antenna has been designed and will be manufactured by the UPEI CubeSat team. The communications subsystem uses frequencies in UHF for Telemetry, Tracking and Command (TT&C) and S-Band to downlink payload data. The UHF antenna on the satellite is a circularly polarized turnstile antenna and consists of an electrical and mechanical subsystem. The mechanical design is a platform used to store 171.4 mm coiled steel tape antennas (¼ wavelength) held in place prior to deployment. The electrical design of the antenna is implemented in a PCB mounted with four U.FL connectors to connect coaxial cable to the ends of the antennas. The board contains RF power splitters to connect the monopole antennas to create a turnstile antenna. The power splitters combine the signal to connect to the MMCX port mounted to the board, which connects coaxial cable to the transceiver for uplink/downlink communications. The UPEI ground station will use an S-Band Dish antenna for receiving payload data and a single UHF Yagi antenna for uplink and downlink of TT&C data. Both antennas are mounted to a rotator controlling the orientation in azimuth and elevation, with the Yagi connected via a boom. The mode of the UHF ground station link is controlled by a coaxial switch and automated by the ground station operational programming which will determine when a UHF signal is being transmitted or received. A LimeSDR will be used as the ground station transceiver, connected to a computer running SDR Console and GNU Radio","PeriodicalId":446767,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 4","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128692429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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