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When partners are suspect(s) 当伴侣被怀疑时
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.3167/cja.2023.410205
Cal Biruk
Abstract This article considers how concerns about trust in global health infrastructures—and the surveillance tools they justify—emerge from suspicions anchored in imaginaries of ‘Africa’ and ‘Africans’. Amid anxieties about corruption in global health circles, I consider how debates about providing per diems to African participants in international projects are articulated in racial terms. Drawing on examples from Malawi, I analyse the top-down push to make such disbursements more transparent via mobile money. Troubling celebratory framings of this technology, I demonstrate how a tool meant to increase transparency instead gives rise to mistrust and strained relations by casting African partners as suspects. While much of the scholarship on trust probes its interpersonal dimensions, this article addresses how bureaucratic infrastructures are constituted by assumptions about whom or what can be trusted. The impersonal and technical characteristics of transparency tools common to global health obscures their underpinning colonial and racial logics.
本文考虑了对全球卫生基础设施的信任——以及它们所证明的监测工具——的担忧是如何从基于对“非洲”和“非洲人”的想象的怀疑中产生的。在对全球卫生领域腐败的担忧中,我考虑了有关向国际项目的非洲参与者提供每日医疗服务的辩论是如何以种族角度表达的。以马拉维的例子为例,我分析了通过移动支付使此类支出更加透明的自上而下的推动。我对这项技术令人不安的庆祝框架进行了展示,展示了一个旨在提高透明度的工具是如何通过将非洲伙伴视为嫌疑人而引起不信任和紧张关系的。虽然大多数关于信任的学术研究都是探讨人际层面的信任,但本文探讨的是官僚基础设施是如何由关于谁或什么可以信任的假设构成的。全球卫生中常见的透明工具的客观和技术特征掩盖了其基本的殖民和种族逻辑。
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引用次数: 0
Refuge 避难所
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.3167/cja.2023.410203
Kate McClellan
Abstract What is the relationship between life and trust? This article traces how trust is cultivated at Al Ma'wa, a wild animal sanctuary in northern Jordan, where dozens of animals rescued from regional warzone zoos are rehabilitated. At Al Ma'wa, trust is vital , in the sense that it is inextricably linked to what it means for the animals to live a good, ‘natural’, and fully animal life. Yet this vital trust is also bound up in the material conditions of the animals’ enduring captivity, which is said to foster feelings of security and comfort for them. I argue that vital trust upends normative associations between trust and freedom while also exposing how refuge produces differential meanings of trust, care, and life for animals and humans.
人生与信任的关系是什么?这篇文章追溯了Al Ma'wa是如何培养信任的,这是约旦北部的一个野生动物保护区,在那里,从地区战区动物园救出的几十只动物得到了康复。在Al Ma'wa,信任是至关重要的,因为它与动物过上美好、“自然”和完整的动物生活密不可分。然而,这种至关重要的信任也与动物长期被囚禁的物质条件密切相关,据说这能培养它们的安全感和舒适感。我认为,至关重要的信任颠覆了信任和自由之间的规范性联系,同时也揭示了庇护如何为动物和人类产生信任、关怀和生命的不同含义。
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引用次数: 0
Trust as affective infrastructure 信任作为情感基础
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.3167/cja.2023.410206
Adela Zhang
Abstract What is trust to a mining company? This article interrogates the effects of conceptualising trust as essential infrastructure for large-scale extractive operations. Although sentiments like trust are typically imagined to fall outside the firm's purview, mining companies actively blur distinctions between economic-material and social-emotional realms when they draw on intimate social forms like kin networks and communal authority to mould trust into an expendable factor of mineral production. But rather than transforming trust into a discrete, predictable input, firms have unexpectedly manufactured its opposite: desconfianza , or distrust. My study shows how residents affected by mining navigate this distrust by attempting to construct clear boundaries between themselves and the mine. In the process, they reveal the unruly sentiments underlying the operations of extractive capitalism.
对矿业公司来说,什么是信任?本文探讨了将信任概念化为大规模采掘作业的基本基础设施的影响。尽管像信任这样的情感通常被认为不属于公司的职权范围,但当矿业公司利用亲密的社会形式,如亲属网络和公共权力,将信任塑造成矿产生产中一个可消耗的因素时,它们积极地模糊了经济物质领域和社会情感领域之间的区别。但是,企业并没有将信任转化为一种离散的、可预测的投入,而是出人意料地制造了信任的对立面:不信任。我的研究显示了受采矿影响的居民如何通过试图在自己和矿山之间建立明确的界限来应对这种不信任。在这个过程中,它们揭示了潜藏在掠夺性资本主义运作之下的不守规矩的情绪。
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引用次数: 0
Essentialising medicines Essentialising药物
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.3167/cja.2023.410207
Ramah McKay
Abstract Digital technologies used to make pharmaceuticals trustworthy promise to displace historical relations, offering instead transparency through data. This article draws from research with manufacturers, importers, and distributors moving medicines between factories and markets to explore trust-making and trustworthiness in pharmaceutical sales. It shows how practices of selling and regulating pharmaceuticals rely on narratives and technologies of safety, risk, trust, and essentialised notions of industrial origin. Following the medicines shows how, rather than displacing social knowledge with data, technologies of trust rely on situated knowledge of institutions and social relations that are the source of both trust and suspicion. Ultimately, both narratives and pharmaceuticals are stabilised through notions of trust as linked to identity in ways that implicate ethnographic as well as industrial practices.
数字技术用于使药品值得信赖,有望取代历史关系,通过数据提供透明度。本文通过对制造商、进口商和分销商在工厂和市场之间移动药品的研究,探讨药品销售中的信任和可信赖性。它展示了销售和监管药品的实践如何依赖于安全、风险、信任和工业起源的本质概念的叙述和技术。遵循药物表明,信任技术如何依赖于机构和社会关系的情境知识,而不是用数据取代社会知识,这些知识是信任和怀疑的来源。最终,叙事和药物都是通过与身份相关的信任概念来稳定的,这种信任涉及人种学和工业实践。
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引用次数: 0
Humanitarian technologies of trust 信任的人道主义技术
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.3167/cja.2023.410204
Julie Billaud
Abstract What is trust, and how is it established in humanitarian operations? Why do humanitarians consider trust a vital resource in their work? Building on the International Committee of the Red Cross’ response to urban violence and the anthropological literature that conceives trust both as a modern social virtue and a technology of power, I examine the ways in which trust is enacted and practiced in humanitarian settings. While the organisation's legalistic logic has traditionally led to a conceptualisation of trust as the end result of a ‘moral contract’ rooted in the Geneva Conventions and operationalised through ‘confidential dialogue’ and face-to-face interactions, more recent concerns for accountability have surprisingly led to the establishment of technocratic procedures where trustworthiness is achieved through the emptying out of social relations.
什么是信任?信任是如何在人道主义行动中建立的?为什么人道主义者认为信任是他们工作中的重要资源?基于红十字国际委员会对城市暴力的回应,以及将信任视为现代社会美德和权力技术的人类学文献,我研究了信任在人道主义环境中制定和实践的方式。虽然该组织的法律逻辑传统上导致了信任的概念化,作为植根于日内瓦公约的“道德契约”的最终结果,并通过“保密对话”和面对面的互动来运作,但最近对问责制的关注出人意料地导致了技术官僚程序的建立,其中通过清空社会关系来实现可信度。
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引用次数: 1
Afterword 后记
Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.3167/cja.2023.410208
Andrea Ballestero
Abstract This afterword explores trust as a troubled and turbulent social relation that takes exuberant social forms and often operates as a contested ideology. It highlights how trust-seeking technologies yield unexpected effects, such as forms of sociality without social life, hyper-awareness of geographic context as a means for effective surveillance, a displacement of intimate arts of diplomacy in favour of resilience and distance, uncomfortable relations between captivity and trust, and a renewed awareness of how mistrust shapes expectations when promises are evanescent and interests difficult to discern.
这篇后记探讨了信任作为一种麻烦和动荡的社会关系,它采取了丰富的社会形式,经常作为一种有争议的意识形态运作。它强调了寻求信任的技术是如何产生意想不到的影响的,比如没有社会生活的社交形式,作为有效监视手段的地理环境的高度意识,亲密的外交艺术被弹性和距离所取代,囚禁与信任之间的不舒服关系,以及当承诺转瞬即逝、利益难以辨别时,不信任如何影响期望的重新意识。
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引用次数: 0
Doing Barzakh, Making Boza 做Barzakh,做Boza
IF 1.2 Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.3167/cja.2023.410103
A. G. Bajalia
As growing numbers of migrants wait in Morocco to continue their journeys northwards, the social consequences of this time spent ‘en route’ should be further considered. This time spent waiting fosters new claims to belonging and political identity as would-be migrants to Europe become immigrants to Morocco. This article recounts ethnographically how forms of community emerge amongst im/migrants in Tangier through forms of shared difference and labours. In these borderlands, immigrants use terms such as ‘making boza’ and ‘crossing al-barzakh’ to describe the temporal stance of waiting. In Islam, al-barzakh refers to the firmament separating life and death. This article brings these concepts into discussion with anthropological conceptualisations of liminality to query how forms of being-in-common emerge alongside promises of inclusion and threats of exclusion.
随着越来越多的移民在摩洛哥等待继续北上,应该进一步考虑这段时间“在途中”的社会后果。随着欧洲的潜在移民成为摩洛哥的移民,等待的时间培养了新的归属感和政治身份。本文从人种学的角度讲述了丹吉尔的移民群体是如何通过共同的差异和劳动形式形成的。在这些边境地区,移民使用“制造博扎”和“穿越巴尔扎克”等术语来描述等待的时间立场。在伊斯兰教中,al-barzakh指的是分隔生死的苍穹。本文将这些概念与人类学的界限概念进行了讨论,以质疑共同存在的形式是如何与包容的承诺和排斥的威胁一起出现的。
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引用次数: 0
Subjects of Aspirations 抱负的主题
IF 1.2 Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.3167/cja.2023.410104
Luciana Chamorro
Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Gracias a Dios, an urban informal settlement in the Pacific region of Nicaragua, this article examines the mechanisms by which investments in Sandinista partisan politics are reproduced even as promises of redistribution made by the ruling Sandinista National Liberation Front are chronically deferred. Populist governance emerges as the administration of aspirations in the gap between the populist promise and its failure. The residents of Gracias a Dios, who are presumed to be invested in Sandinista politics either by ideological interpellation or pragmatic self-interest, are revealed to be neither deceived nor blindly hopeful. This article argues that the populist promise opens an ambivalent space that animates aspirations and preserves possibility even when experience suggests otherwise. The regime's capacity to foster possibility in lieu of probability is dependent on punctuating everyday life with irregularly timed interventions and on transforming partisan belonging into a stopgap between promise and outcome.
本文利用在尼加拉瓜太平洋地区的城市非正式定居点Gracias a Dios进行的人种学田野调查,研究了桑地诺党派政治投资被复制的机制,尽管执政的桑地诺民族解放阵线(Sandinista National Liberation Front)做出的再分配承诺长期被推迟。民粹主义治理是在民粹主义承诺与失败之间的鸿沟中出现的一种抱负管理。格雷西亚斯-迪奥斯的居民被认为是通过意识形态的质疑或务实的自身利益而投资于桑地诺的政治,但他们既没有被欺骗,也没有盲目地抱有希望。本文认为,民粹主义的承诺打开了一个矛盾的空间,激发了人们的愿望,并保留了可能性,即使经验表明并非如此。这个政权培育可能性而非概率的能力,依赖于用不定期的干预来打断日常生活,以及将党派归属转变为承诺与结果之间的权宜之计。
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引用次数: 0
Aane Wala Hai Aane Wala Hai
IF 1.2 Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.3167/cja.2023.410105
Syantani Chatterjee
The Bharatiya Janata Party won the 2014 parliamentary elections in India, popularising the slogan ‘Achhe din aane wale hai’ (‘Good days are coming’). Even as the good days remained elusive, in 2019, the party won the popular vote again, with an additional promise of culling out putative ‘infiltrators’ from India by announcing ‘NRC aane wala hai’ (‘NRC is coming’). Drawing on ethnographic research carried out between 2016 and 2019 in a largely Muslim working-class neighbourhood next to one of Asia's largest garbage dumps in Mumbai, this article attempts to grasp the force of the state through its affective deferral by examining this aane wala hai form of governance – the forever-deferred, the always-arriving, the ready-to-strike – that is predicated upon weaponising deferral into a tactic of governance.
印度人民党在2014年印度议会选举中获胜,推广了“好日子即将到来”的口号。尽管好日子仍然难以捉摸,但在2019年,该党再次赢得了普选,并通过宣布“NRC aane wala hai”(“NRC即将到来”),进一步承诺从印度铲除所谓的“渗透者”。本文借鉴了2016年至2019年在孟买亚洲最大的垃圾场之一旁一个以穆斯林为主的工人阶级社区进行的民族志研究,试图通过研究这种aane wala hai形式的治理——永远推迟,永远到来,随时准备发动袭击&这是基于将延期武器化为一种治理策略。
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引用次数: 0
Afterword 后记
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.3167/cja.2023.410107
Maria José de Abreu
Abstract Inspired by key concerns of this collective project, this afterword article highlights two main aspects in the discussion of governance through suspension. The first aspect is how geographically widespread the rhetoric of ‘indeterminacy’ (as the fuel of the temporal medium of suspension) has become, soliciting analyses of differentiation across cultures and time. The second aspect relates to the politics of punctuated time in light of changes happening in our current culture of temporality. These two aspects integrate my interest in rethinking the classic concept of the (sovereign) decision conceived as separation from towards that of incision as cut through , particularly in light of rising expressions of authoritarian populism, globally, across regimes.
受这个集体项目的关键问题的启发,这篇后记文章强调了通过暂停进行治理的讨论中的两个主要方面。第一个方面是“不确定性”的修辞(作为暂停的时间媒介的燃料)在地理上的广泛传播,引发了对文化和时间差异的分析。第二个方面涉及到在我们当前的时间性文化发生变化的情况下,间断时间的政治。这两个方面整合了我对重新思考(主权)决定的经典概念的兴趣,该概念被认为是分离的,而不是切割的,特别是在全球范围内,各个政权的威权民粹主义表达不断上升的情况下。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Cambridge Journal of Anthropology
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