The Tunisian coastal town of Zarzis is known for its generations of male emigrants to France and for initiating post-revolutionary harga – the ‘burning’ of the border via undocumented sea crossings to ‘Europe’. Despite migration being central to life in Zarzis, the harga is fraught with anxieties and moral accusations. While older generations accuse younger ones of chasing after easy money and causing jealousies, thereby fuelling the harga, young men reckon that risking the crossing is a matter of escaping social death. Men of all ages also agree that the harga is often women’s fault. This article explores how the desire of making a living in Europe is evaluated in a departure town, and what the accusations and negative emotions it conjures up might reveal about people’s understandings of their economic and moral lives in times of political and social change.
{"title":"The Morally Fraught Harga","authors":"Valentina Zagaria","doi":"10.3167/cja.2019.370205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/cja.2019.370205","url":null,"abstract":"The Tunisian coastal town of Zarzis is known for its generations of male emigrants to France and for initiating post-revolutionary harga – the ‘burning’ of the border via undocumented sea crossings to ‘Europe’. Despite migration being central to life in Zarzis, the harga is fraught with anxieties and moral accusations. While older generations accuse younger ones of chasing after easy money and causing jealousies, thereby fuelling the harga, young men reckon that risking the crossing is a matter of escaping social death. Men of all ages also agree that the harga is often women’s fault. This article explores how the desire of making a living in Europe is evaluated in a departure town, and what the accusations and negative emotions it conjures up might reveal about people’s understandings of their economic and moral lives in times of political and social change.","PeriodicalId":44700,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/cja.2019.370205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43008525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Africanist scholarship and anthropological literature on envy offer a jaundiced take on the ugly feelings that can arise in the wake of increasing scarcity and inequality. Proposing an inductive approach that attends to the performativity of words and feelings, this article explores how a Gusii ideal of containing the expression and escalation of ugly feelings influences collective mutual help arrangements. It elaborates on local concerns with the ‘anti-help’, or the confrontational side of help where ugly feelings can be voiced, named, elicited or concealed. In doing so, the article tracks how containing the anti-help structures the relationship between language and emotion, while also acting upon inner experience and affording a political order where a variety of ugly feelings runs the risk of being reduced to envy.
{"title":"The Anti-Help","authors":"Teo Zidaru-Barbulescu","doi":"10.3167/cja.2019.370203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/cja.2019.370203","url":null,"abstract":"Africanist scholarship and anthropological literature on envy offer a jaundiced take on the ugly feelings that can arise in the wake of increasing scarcity and inequality. Proposing an inductive approach that attends to the performativity of words and feelings, this article explores how a Gusii ideal of containing the expression and escalation of ugly feelings influences collective mutual help arrangements. It elaborates on local concerns with the ‘anti-help’, or the confrontational side of help where ugly feelings can be voiced, named, elicited or concealed. In doing so, the article tracks how containing the anti-help structures the relationship between language and emotion, while also acting upon inner experience and affording a political order where a variety of ugly feelings runs the risk of being reduced to envy.","PeriodicalId":44700,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/cja.2019.370203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46364062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nakivale, the oldest refugee camp in Uganda, hosts refugees fleeing various forms of political unrest from several African countries. Uganda’s humanitarian framework makes it an attractive place for refugees. Little is known about the role that humanitarian policies play in shaping interactions between different actors or the politics of accusation that emerges within this settlement. In a context in which the status of a refugee can confer preferential access to scarce resources, different refugee communities struggle to define themselves, their neighbours and kin in terms of the camp’s humanitarian language. Describing the everyday anxieties that define life in the camp, this article shows how accusations become powerful resources that refugees draw upon to meet the criteria for resettlement to a third country, but also how these forms of humanitarian assistance rely on processes of exclusion that create endemic accusations of corruption, criminality and even witchcraft.
{"title":"The Politics of Accusation amidst Conditions of Precarity in the Nakivale Resettlement Camp","authors":"Sophie Nakueira","doi":"10.3167/cja.2019.370204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/cja.2019.370204","url":null,"abstract":"Nakivale, the oldest refugee camp in Uganda, hosts refugees fleeing various forms of political unrest from several African countries. Uganda’s humanitarian framework makes it an attractive place for refugees. Little is known about the role that humanitarian policies play in shaping interactions between different actors or the politics of accusation that emerges within this settlement. In a context in which the status of a refugee can confer preferential access to scarce resources, different refugee communities struggle to define themselves, their neighbours and kin in terms of the camp’s humanitarian language. Describing the everyday anxieties that define life in the camp, this article shows how accusations become powerful resources that refugees draw upon to meet the criteria for resettlement to a third country, but also how these forms of humanitarian assistance rely on processes of exclusion that create endemic accusations of corruption, criminality and even witchcraft.","PeriodicalId":44700,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/cja.2019.370204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43654004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the eastern part of Jordan’s capital, Amman, where women maintained friendships through the exchange of help and support, accusations of maslaha (opportunism) had the potential to undermine relationships. Those accusations generated ugly feelings characterized by a confusion between the things wrong with oneself that make one vulnerable to the problem of maslaha and the things wrong with Jordanian society that make maslaha so widespread. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in one East Amman neighbourhood, Tal al-Zahra, between 2011 and 2015, this article explores the ways that encounters with maslaha felt ugly, the way these ugly feelings generated critiques of contemporary Jordanian morals, and the role of these feelings in generating ethical reflection by prompting women to see themselves as separate from, and critical of, the societies in which they live.
{"title":"Ugly Feelings of Greed","authors":"Susan Macdougall","doi":"10.3167/cja.2019.370206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/cja.2019.370206","url":null,"abstract":"In the eastern part of Jordan’s capital, Amman, where women maintained friendships through the exchange of help and support, accusations of maslaha (opportunism) had the potential to undermine relationships. Those accusations generated ugly feelings characterized by a confusion between the things wrong with oneself that make one vulnerable to the problem of maslaha and the things wrong with Jordanian society that make maslaha so widespread. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted in one East Amman neighbourhood, Tal al-Zahra, between 2011 and 2015, this article explores the ways that encounters with maslaha felt ugly, the way these ugly feelings generated critiques of contemporary Jordanian morals, and the role of these feelings in generating ethical reflection by prompting women to see themselves as separate from, and critical of, the societies in which they live.","PeriodicalId":44700,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/cja.2019.370206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42216269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kathleen Millar, Reclaiming the Discarded: Life and Labor on Rio’s Garbage Dump. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, pp. 248, 2018.Sara Ann Wylie, Fractivism: Corporate Bodies and Chemical Bonds. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, pp. 424, 2018.
Kathleen Millar，《回收被丢弃的东西：里约GarbageDump的生活和劳动》。北卡罗来纳州达勒姆：杜克大学出版社，2018年第248页。Sara Ann Wylie，《Fractivism：法人团体和化学债券》。北卡罗来纳州达勒姆：杜克大学出版社，2018年第424页。
{"title":"Book Reviews","authors":"P. O'Hare, Anna Szolucha","doi":"10.3167/cja.2019.370110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/cja.2019.370110","url":null,"abstract":"Kathleen Millar, Reclaiming the Discarded: Life and Labor on Rio’s Garbage\u0000Dump. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, pp. 248, 2018.Sara Ann Wylie, Fractivism: Corporate Bodies and Chemical Bonds. Durham,\u0000NC: Duke University Press, pp. 424, 2018.","PeriodicalId":44700,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/cja.2019.370110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48371882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
What if war is not hell? What if war is not entertainment? What if war is, instead, the stuff dreams are made of? What is one then to anticipate of one’s tour of duty in a war zone? In this article, I interrogate anticipations in relation to soldierly becomings through deployment to Afghanistan. Based on ethnographic fieldwork with Danish combat troops, I explore the uneasy coexistence of two anticipatory plotlines: ‘the passion’ and ‘the desert’. The former depicts the tour of duty as a heroic adventure driven by desire for real combat, while the latter casts deployment as an anti-heroic misadventure imposed by the dull reality in theatre. I argue that anticipation can harbour ambivalent, even antagonistic, yet simultaneous expectations of what might come. I show that anticipation is further blurred, as our anticipatory horizons are tied not only to our unsettled plotlines of becoming but also to our being’s existential imperative.
{"title":"Ambivalent Anticipations","authors":"T. Pedersen","doi":"10.3167/cja.2019.370107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/cja.2019.370107","url":null,"abstract":"What if war is not hell? What if war is not entertainment? What if war is, instead, the\u0000stuff dreams are made of? What is one then to anticipate of one’s tour of duty in a war\u0000zone? In this article, I interrogate anticipations in relation to soldierly becomings\u0000through deployment to Afghanistan. Based on ethnographic fieldwork with Danish\u0000combat troops, I explore the uneasy coexistence of two anticipatory plotlines: ‘the\u0000passion’ and ‘the desert’. The former depicts the tour of duty as a heroic adventure\u0000driven by desire for real combat, while the latter casts deployment as an anti-heroic\u0000misadventure imposed by the dull reality in theatre. I argue that anticipation can\u0000harbour ambivalent, even antagonistic, yet simultaneous expectations of what might\u0000come. I show that anticipation is further blurred, as our anticipatory horizons are\u0000tied not only to our unsettled plotlines of becoming but also to our being’s existential\u0000imperative.","PeriodicalId":44700,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/cja.2019.370107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44640080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This special issue of the Cambridge Journal of Anthropology is entitled ‘Experiencing Anticipation’, guest edited by Devin Flaherty and Christopher Stephan. The collection proceeds from an assumption that although contemporary anthropology is enriched by many studies of temporality, hope and the future, the discipline lacks a sufficient engagement with the difficult object of ‘anticipation’.
{"title":"Editorial","authors":"Andrew V. Sanchez","doi":"10.3167/cja.2019.370101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/cja.2019.370101","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue of the Cambridge Journal of Anthropology is entitled ‘Experiencing\u0000Anticipation’, guest edited by Devin Flaherty and Christopher Stephan. The\u0000collection proceeds from an assumption that although contemporary anthropology\u0000is enriched by many studies of temporality, hope and the future, the discipline lacks\u0000a sufficient engagement with the difficult object of ‘anticipation’.","PeriodicalId":44700,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/cja.2019.370101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48401099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coming face to face with the inevitable finitude of our existence has a way of clarifying what really matters to us. Such occasions of existential breakdown demand that we actively appropriate our lives and purposely decide how to project ourselves towards the future while drawing on the possibilities available to us. But what if these possibilities offer little for constructing a future we deem desirable? In this article I take a Heideggerian approach to anticipation in order to analyse waria’s (Indonesian transgender women) often-stated intention to ‘become normal again’, while seemingly never doing so. Here, then, anticipation is less about an orientation towards specific objectives and more about a response to existential demands, while keeping at bay undesirable futures. Waria’s anticipation of a future normal does not suggest an appeal of the normal but, rather, indicates a paucity of available possibilities to draw on in order to orient oneself differently.
{"title":"Keeping the Future at Bay","authors":"Sylvia Tidey","doi":"10.3167/CJA.2019.370105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/CJA.2019.370105","url":null,"abstract":"Coming face to face with the inevitable finitude of our existence has a way of\u0000clarifying what really matters to us. Such occasions of existential breakdown demand\u0000that we actively appropriate our lives and purposely decide how to project ourselves\u0000towards the future while drawing on the possibilities available to us. But what if\u0000these possibilities offer little for constructing a future we deem desirable? In this\u0000article I take a Heideggerian approach to anticipation in order to analyse waria’s\u0000(Indonesian transgender women) often-stated intention to ‘become normal again’,\u0000while seemingly never doing so. Here, then, anticipation is less about an orientation\u0000towards specific objectives and more about a response to existential demands, while\u0000keeping at bay undesirable futures. Waria’s anticipation of a future normal does\u0000not suggest an appeal of the normal but, rather, indicates a paucity of available\u0000possibilities to draw on in order to orient oneself differently.","PeriodicalId":44700,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/CJA.2019.370105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47165148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Engaging an account of a judicial decision made in the Los Angeles Mental Health Court, this article interrogates the role of anticipation in the lived negotiation of moral, social and institutional orders. As Judge Samuel Benton recounts his attempt to let himself ‘emotionally off the hook’ in the wake of a patient’s suicide, anticipation emerges as: 1) an ordered, linear sequencing of events towards logical ends; 2) unsettled, temporally disjunctive engagements with the past in order to make sense of present experience and ambiguous futures; 3) existential negotiations of one’s potential morality and social belonging; and 4) distributed organization of information between people and across objects in order to elaborate present and future experience. These manifestations of anticipation reveal the social and temporal contingency and deep intersubjectivity of our negotiations with uncertainty in the unsettling process of becoming moral.
{"title":"On Anticipatory Accounts","authors":"A. Mack","doi":"10.3167/CJA.2019.370108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/CJA.2019.370108","url":null,"abstract":"Engaging an account of a judicial decision made in the Los Angeles Mental Health\u0000Court, this article interrogates the role of anticipation in the lived negotiation\u0000of moral, social and institutional orders. As Judge Samuel Benton recounts his\u0000attempt to let himself ‘emotionally off the hook’ in the wake of a patient’s suicide,\u0000anticipation emerges as: 1) an ordered, linear sequencing of events towards logical\u0000ends; 2) unsettled, temporally disjunctive engagements with the past in order to\u0000make sense of present experience and ambiguous futures; 3) existential negotiations\u0000of one’s potential morality and social belonging; and 4) distributed organization of\u0000information between people and across objects in order to elaborate present and\u0000future experience. These manifestations of anticipation reveal the social and temporal\u0000contingency and deep intersubjectivity of our negotiations with uncertainty in the\u0000unsettling process of becoming moral.","PeriodicalId":44700,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/CJA.2019.370108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41885311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, I argue that anticipation unfolds within a range of experiential modalities. Because moods and emotions, intuitions and imagination, among other forms of experience, can all appear as disclosing something about the future, anticipation is heterogeneous. Building on work in phenomenological anthropology and philosophy, I offer a generative phenomenology of the range of anticipatory experience, arguing that some forms of experience are relatively more implicit while others may prove more salient and offer more explicable forms of anticipation. As anticipation emerges in time, the more implicit experiential modes such as mood and intuition operate as antecedents to more explicit ones such as imagination. Turning to apply these ideas to ethnographic materials from my fieldwork among architectural design teams in San Francisco, I demonstrate how attentiveness to this gradient of anticipatory experience allows us to account for anticipatory experiences as they unfold through time.
{"title":"A Generative Theory of Anticipation","authors":"Christopher Stephan","doi":"10.3167/CJA.2019.370109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/CJA.2019.370109","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I argue that anticipation unfolds within a range of experiential\u0000modalities. Because moods and emotions, intuitions and imagination, among\u0000other forms of experience, can all appear as disclosing something about the future,\u0000anticipation is heterogeneous. Building on work in phenomenological anthropology\u0000and philosophy, I offer a generative phenomenology of the range of anticipatory\u0000experience, arguing that some forms of experience are relatively more implicit while\u0000others may prove more salient and offer more explicable forms of anticipation. As\u0000anticipation emerges in time, the more implicit experiential modes such as mood\u0000and intuition operate as antecedents to more explicit ones such as imagination.\u0000Turning to apply these ideas to ethnographic materials from my fieldwork among\u0000architectural design teams in San Francisco, I demonstrate how attentiveness to this\u0000gradient of anticipatory experience allows us to account for anticipatory experiences\u0000as they unfold through time.","PeriodicalId":44700,"journal":{"name":"Cambridge Journal of Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3167/CJA.2019.370109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45512117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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