JOURNAL OF CHURCH AND STATE最新文献

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Rousseau, American Laicite, and the Future of Religious Liberty in America 卢梭、美国教派和美国宗教自由的未来

IF 0.3 4区哲学 N/A RELIGION

JOURNAL OF CHURCH AND STATE

Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1093/jcs/csae043

M Troy Gibson

There is a growing cultural tension between religious orthodoxy and the prevailing form of progressivism which centers the modern self in such a way that would please the eighteenth-century Romantic Jean-Jacques Rousseau. But Rousseau’s priority of the self led him to embrace a particular view of church and state as well as religious liberty, which, if implemented, would be a new experiment in the American context. What are the implications of this ascendant version of progressivism for religious liberty as it has been understood in the American context, vacillating as it has in the past between strict separation or accommodation? What would the emerging progressivism do with religious liberty given its philosophical commitments to a this-worldly immanent frame and rise of the psychologized self (expressive individualism)? I argue that religious liberty, in its robust paradigmatic American form, cannot survive any of these outcomes without undergoing radical redefinition, and instead a new paradigm of religious liberty, which I call American Laïcité, must replace the older version. With American Laïcité, as Rousseau would have it, though religion is a rather fixed aspect of human nature, only religion that sacralizes the immanent, one centered on self-expression and never practices or teaches any form of exclusivism or inequality can expect to be either accommodated or tolerated within society.

正统宗教与流行的进步主义之间的文化紧张日益加剧，后者以十八世纪浪漫主义者让-雅克-卢梭（Jean-Jacques Rousseau）为代表的现代自我为中心。但卢梭对自我的优先考虑使他接受了一种特殊的政教观和宗教自由观，而这种政教观和宗教自由观一旦付诸实施，在美国将是一种新的尝试。在美国，宗教自由一直在严格分离或通融之间徘徊，这种进步主义的上升版本对宗教自由有何影响？鉴于其对现世内在框架的哲学承诺和心理化自我（表现性个人主义）的兴起，新兴的进步主义会如何对待宗教自由？我认为，如果不对宗教自由进行彻底的重新定义，那么宗教自由在其强有力的美国范式中就不可能在上述任何一种结果中存活下来，相反，一种新的宗教自由范式（我称之为 "美国式来居主义"）必须取代旧的宗教自由范式。正如卢梭所言，尽管宗教是人类天性中相当固定的一个方面，但在美国的 "来西提 "中，只有那些将内在神圣化、以自我表达为中心、从不奉行或传授任何形式的排他性或不平等的宗教，才有望在社会中得到包容或容忍。

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