The “identity” of works of art is what makes two instances or performances the same work. Philosophers have tried to account for identity by appealing to notational systems, production histories, cultural context, or some combination of those factors. None of these approaches has been accepted as adequately accounting for the ways in which identity is actually understood in the art world, by artists, performers, composers, choreographers, audiences, historians, and critics. I propose that the identity of works of art be understood pragmatically as ways of talking and acting by the various communities of the art world.1 These are informed by notational systems, production histories, and so forth. But those approaches have been unsatisfactory.2 A pragmatic approach centers on how identity is understood by various communities through ongoing deliberative and decision-making practices,3 characterized in turn by rejection of essences and emphasis on pluralism, experience, and community. I fi rst sketch what I understand by “art world communities” and what it means for those communities to determine the identity of works of art as “ways of talking and acting.” I next outline additional elements of this approach to identity, consistent with the twentieth-century tradition of pragmatism. Next I show how a pragmatic approach explains examples in identity, including practices in copyright infringement. I then consider a recent controversy that drew the attention of several overlapping communities in art and the law. Finally, I consider problems and challenges for this approach to identity.
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Naturalism has been the received metaphilosophical view within epistemology and the philosophy of science since the 1980s. In brief, it urges that science (and our knowledge acquisition in general) is an element of the natural world along with everything else. There is no privileged, aprioristic point of view of “first philosophy” over and above our empirical science itself, although such a standpoint is still assumed, in different ways, by old-fashioned empiricists, epistemological foundationalists, Popperian critical rationalists, and many contemporary scientific realists—in short, by most traditional analytic philosophers. Instead, science must be investigated scientifically; a scientific theory of science should be our aim. This kind of naturalistic program has been defended by, among others, Ronald Giere (1988) and Richard Boyd (1992). We may also classify Arthur Fine’s (1996) “nonrealistic” or “postrealistic” and postphilosophical “natural ontological attitude” (NOA) as a species of naturalism in this sense. According to Fine, all attempts to interpret and justify science philosophically, from a higher perspective lying outside science, are in vain. n n n J S P
自20世纪80年代以来，自然主义一直是认识论和科学哲学中公认的形而上学观点。简而言之，它敦促科学(以及我们一般的知识获取)与其他一切一样，都是自然界的一个元素。在我们的经验科学本身之上，并没有特权的、先验的“第一哲学”观点，尽管这种观点仍然以不同的方式被老式的经验主义者、认识论基础主义者、波普尔批判理性主义者和许多当代科学现实主义者——简而言之，被大多数传统的分析哲学家所采用。相反，必须科学地研究科学;科学的理论应该是我们的目标。罗纳德·吉尔(Ronald Giere, 1988)和理查德·博伊德(Richard Boyd, 1992)等人为这种自然主义的计划进行了辩护。我们也可以将Arthur Fine(1996)的“非现实主义”或“后现实主义”和后哲学的“自然本体论态度”(NOA)归类为这种意义上的自然主义。凡恩认为，所有试图从科学之外的更高视角来哲学地解释和证明科学的努力都是徒劳的。n n n J S P
{"title":"Naturalism, Transcendental Conditions, and the Self-Discipline of Philosophical Reason","authors":"Sami Pihlstrom","doi":"10.1353/jsp.2001.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jsp.2001.0031","url":null,"abstract":"Naturalism has been the received metaphilosophical view within epistemology and the philosophy of science since the 1980s. In brief, it urges that science (and our knowledge acquisition in general) is an element of the natural world along with everything else. There is no privileged, aprioristic point of view of “first philosophy” over and above our empirical science itself, although such a standpoint is still assumed, in different ways, by old-fashioned empiricists, epistemological foundationalists, Popperian critical rationalists, and many contemporary scientific realists—in short, by most traditional analytic philosophers. Instead, science must be investigated scientifically; a scientific theory of science should be our aim. This kind of naturalistic program has been defended by, among others, Ronald Giere (1988) and Richard Boyd (1992). We may also classify Arthur Fine’s (1996) “nonrealistic” or “postrealistic” and postphilosophical “natural ontological attitude” (NOA) as a species of naturalism in this sense. According to Fine, all attempts to interpret and justify science philosophically, from a higher perspective lying outside science, are in vain. n n n J S P","PeriodicalId":44744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speculative Philosophy","volume":"15 1","pages":"228 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2001-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jsp.2001.0031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66576952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-01-01DOI: 10.5840/hsaproceedings1995123
W. Desmond
{"title":"Between finitude and infinity: Hegelian reason and the Pascalian heart","authors":"W. Desmond","doi":"10.5840/hsaproceedings1995123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5840/hsaproceedings1995123","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speculative Philosophy","volume":"9 1","pages":"83-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1995-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71135881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5325/JSPECPHIL.24.4.0333
D. Ellerman
{"title":"Workplace Democracy and Human Development","authors":"D. Ellerman","doi":"10.5325/JSPECPHIL.24.4.0333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/JSPECPHIL.24.4.0333","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speculative Philosophy","volume":"24 1","pages":"333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5325/JSPECPHIL.24.4.0333","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70855654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5325/JSPECPHIL.35.1.0093
Van Der Drift
{"title":"Management and Rights Amidst Plural Worlds","authors":"Van Der Drift","doi":"10.5325/JSPECPHIL.35.1.0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/JSPECPHIL.35.1.0093","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44744,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Speculative Philosophy","volume":"35 1","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70855522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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