Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.33687/jacm.004.01.4440
M. Usman, Humaira Hina, Shamaila Mushtaq, S. Aslam, Naima Nawaz, Asima Rasool, Z. Fatima
Agricultural growth is obligatory for sustainable rural development and meeting the food requirements for the increasing population. Weeds put biotic stress on the crops and cause yield decline eventually. In this study, we explored the effect of socio-economic attributes of the farmers on the adoption of weed management practices (WMP) in four cropping systems (Rice-Wheat, Rice, Potato, Rice-Maize and Rice-Peas) of the Punjab, Province. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with the 356 respondents chosen through a proportionate sampling method from the District Gujranwala of Punjab. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and frequency, percentage and regression analysis was applied to the data. Results confirmed that respondents' age, education and income were statistically significant (P0.05) with the adoption of WMP. As for as information sources were concerned, the association was significant in R-P (P0.05) and R-Peas (P0.05) cropping systems. This study endorsed that socio-economic characteristic had a key role in technological adoption. To accelerate the adoption, training programs for the farmers, provision of quality weedicides, subsidized inputs and awareness campaigns are suggested.
农业发展是农村可持续发展和满足不断增长的人口对粮食需求的必然要求。杂草对作物造成生物压力，最终导致产量下降。在这项研究中，我们探讨了农民的社会经济属性对旁遮普省四种种植制度(水稻-小麦、水稻、马铃薯、水稻-玉米和水稻-豌豆)采用杂草管理措施(WMP)的影响。通过比例抽样方法从旁遮普的古吉兰瓦拉区选出356名受访者进行面对面访谈。使用Statistical Package for Social Sciences对数据进行分析，并对数据进行频率、百分比和回归分析。结果证实，采用WMP后，被调查者的年龄、受教育程度和收入差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。就信息来源而言，R-P (P0.05)和r -豌豆(P0.05)种植制度的相关性显著。这项研究证实，社会经济特征在技术采用方面起着关键作用。为加快采用，建议为农民提供培训方案、提供优质除草剂、补贴投入和宣传活动。
{"title":"Linking Socio-Economic Traits with the Adoption of Weed Management Practices (WMP) in Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"M. Usman, Humaira Hina, Shamaila Mushtaq, S. Aslam, Naima Nawaz, Asima Rasool, Z. Fatima","doi":"10.33687/jacm.004.01.4440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jacm.004.01.4440","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural growth is obligatory for sustainable rural development and meeting the food requirements for the increasing population. Weeds put biotic stress on the crops and cause yield decline eventually. In this study, we explored the effect of socio-economic attributes of the farmers on the adoption of weed management practices (WMP) in four cropping systems (Rice-Wheat, Rice, Potato, Rice-Maize and Rice-Peas) of the Punjab, Province. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with the 356 respondents chosen through a proportionate sampling method from the District Gujranwala of Punjab. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences and frequency, percentage and regression analysis was applied to the data. Results confirmed that respondents' age, education and income were statistically significant (P0.05) with the adoption of WMP. As for as information sources were concerned, the association was significant in R-P (P0.05) and R-Peas (P0.05) cropping systems. This study endorsed that socio-economic characteristic had a key role in technological adoption. To accelerate the adoption, training programs for the farmers, provision of quality weedicides, subsidized inputs and awareness campaigns are suggested. ","PeriodicalId":447755,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arable Crops and Marketing","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114852410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.33687/jacm.004.01.4477
Babar Wadood, T. Sanaullah, Sajed Ali, M. Abid, A. Hussain, Touqeer Abbas, Nazish Sajjad, M. H. N. Khan, Aamir Riaz, M. Waqas
Adaptive advantages to the environment, improved nutritional features, and reduced use of agrochemicals are just a few of the economic benefits gained through plant breeding with the help of genetic engineering. Despite the benefits, the justification for creating and employing such technology will vary depending on the context of the surrounding culture. This paper aims to introduce genetically modified organisms (Genetically modified plants), discuss their potential benefits and drawbacks, and argue that these organisms present a unique opportunity for breeding new plant varieties with desirable benefits that cannot be obtained through conventional breeding. Plant breeding, nhr1 gene, GMO, and genetically modified plant are some examples of gaining novel kinds or qualities and molecular enhancement of plants by recombinant DNA technology. The potential for using this method to enhance crop plants' genetics is apparent benefits for farmers, merchants, and sellers for developing lines with improved yield, quality, disease resistance, or tolerance to abiotic stress. The risks and hazards prevent it from being widely used in agriculture.
{"title":"Genetically Modified Plants and Climate Change","authors":"Babar Wadood, T. Sanaullah, Sajed Ali, M. Abid, A. Hussain, Touqeer Abbas, Nazish Sajjad, M. H. N. Khan, Aamir Riaz, M. Waqas","doi":"10.33687/jacm.004.01.4477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jacm.004.01.4477","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptive advantages to the environment, improved nutritional features, and reduced use of agrochemicals are just a few of the economic benefits gained through plant breeding with the help of genetic engineering. Despite the benefits, the justification for creating and employing such technology will vary depending on the context of the surrounding culture. This paper aims to introduce genetically modified organisms (Genetically modified plants), discuss their potential benefits and drawbacks, and argue that these organisms present a unique opportunity for breeding new plant varieties with desirable benefits that cannot be obtained through conventional breeding. Plant breeding, nhr1 gene, GMO, and genetically modified plant are some examples of gaining novel kinds or qualities and molecular enhancement of plants by recombinant DNA technology. The potential for using this method to enhance crop plants' genetics is apparent benefits for farmers, merchants, and sellers for developing lines with improved yield, quality, disease resistance, or tolerance to abiotic stress. The risks and hazards prevent it from being widely used in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":447755,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arable Crops and Marketing","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133229543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.33687/jacm.004.01.4500
Ijaz Ahmad, Muhammad S. Muhstaq, M. Ilyas, M. A. Anjum, Abdullah Hammad, Muhammad H. Safdar
The importance of edible oil cannot be ignored because it is used in each and every home. Pakistan is a major edible oil importer. Each year millions of dollars are spent for its imports. The gap between demand and supply can be fulfilled by increasing the production of sunflower because of its high oil and protein content. This study conducted in the District Bahawalpur to check the impact of inputs subsidies on sunflower production. Respondents were divided into two groups to examine the productivity with available subsidy and without subsidy on production. Primary data were collected from two hundred respondents by using purposive sampling technique to fulfill the objectives of the study. One hundred respondents were selected who got subsidy and one hundred growers who did not get subsidy. For analyzing the data descriptive statistics, estimation of cost of production and profitability and regression analysis methods were used. Based on finding of results, it is strongly recommended that the present subsidy program should be continued and be also extended to other oil potential oilseed crops. There are (71 percent) farmers have average yield 27.70 mounds and confirmed that they will cultivate sunflower in the future due to subsidy provision. It is strongly recommended that the present subsidy program should be continued and be also extended to other oil potential oilseed crops.
{"title":"Impact of Inputs Price Subsidy on Sunflower Production in Punjab, Pakistan: A Mode of Productivity Enhancement","authors":"Ijaz Ahmad, Muhammad S. Muhstaq, M. Ilyas, M. A. Anjum, Abdullah Hammad, Muhammad H. Safdar","doi":"10.33687/jacm.004.01.4500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jacm.004.01.4500","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of edible oil cannot be ignored because it is used in each and every home. Pakistan is a major edible oil importer. Each year millions of dollars are spent for its imports. The gap between demand and supply can be fulfilled by increasing the production of sunflower because of its high oil and protein content. This study conducted in the District Bahawalpur to check the impact of inputs subsidies on sunflower production. Respondents were divided into two groups to examine the productivity with available subsidy and without subsidy on production. Primary data were collected from two hundred respondents by using purposive sampling technique to fulfill the objectives of the study. One hundred respondents were selected who got subsidy and one hundred growers who did not get subsidy. For analyzing the data descriptive statistics, estimation of cost of production and profitability and regression analysis methods were used. Based on finding of results, it is strongly recommended that the present subsidy program should be continued and be also extended to other oil potential oilseed crops. There are (71 percent) farmers have average yield 27.70 mounds and confirmed that they will cultivate sunflower in the future due to subsidy provision. It is strongly recommended that the present subsidy program should be continued and be also extended to other oil potential oilseed crops.","PeriodicalId":447755,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arable Crops and Marketing","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122034299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.33687/jacm.004.01.4435
M. Umar, Shoukat Ali, Asghar Ali, M. Bashir, Naima Nawaz, M. H. N. Khan, Amir Riaz
We conducted this study to analyze the adoption of Mechanical Transplanting of Rice (MTR) in one of the prominent rice-producing districts Gujranwala of Punjab, Province. Rice has been a significant source of income in this area. A total of 220 rice growers, were selected using the non-probability method of selection from Wazirabad and Kamoki tehsils of district Gujranwala. Selected respondents were interviewed face to face on a structured questionnaire which was pre-tested and validated before final data collection. Collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results were distributed into three sections (i) demographic profile, (ii) relative advantage of MTR and (iii) constraints analysis. Demography unveiled that young age farmers had less inclination towards rice growing, although the majority of respondents had formal education, had ownership of their lands and farmers were irrigating rice crops using tube well. As for as relative advantage was concerned, MTR relatively produced a high extent in terms of effectiveness (X̅ = 4.04, SD=0.62) due to high efficiency, less labour intensive, and high yield. Mandatory use of lesser land levellers, maintenance issues of MTR, unskilled labour and inadequate training for the farmers were prominent consents aced by the MTR user. This study urges more technical backstopping from the concerned institutions to foster the adoption of MTR on the farm level.
本研究旨在分析旁遮普水稻主要产区之一古杰兰瓦拉水稻机械插秧(MTR)的采用情况。大米一直是这个地区重要的收入来源。采用非概率选择方法，从古吉兰瓦拉县瓦济拉巴德县和卡莫基县共选择了220名水稻种植者。选定的受访者在结构化问卷上进行面对面访谈，在最终数据收集之前进行预先测试和验证。收集的数据使用SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences)进行分析。结果分为三个部分(i)人口统计概况，(ii) MTR的相对优势和(iii)约束分析。人口统计数据显示，尽管大多数受访者接受过正规教育，拥有自己的土地所有权，并且农民正在使用管井灌溉水稻作物，但年轻农民对种植水稻的兴趣较低。相对优势方面，MTR由于效率高、劳动强度小、产量高，在有效性方面产生了相对较高的程度(X′s = 4.04, SD=0.62)。强制使用较低水平的土地平整机、地下铁路的维护问题、不熟练的劳动力和对农民的培训不足是地下铁路用户的主要同意。这项研究敦促有关机构提供更多的技术支持，以促进在农场一级采用MTR。
{"title":"Adoption of Mechanical Transplanting of Rice (MTR) Among Rice Growers in the Rice-Zone of Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"M. Umar, Shoukat Ali, Asghar Ali, M. Bashir, Naima Nawaz, M. H. N. Khan, Amir Riaz","doi":"10.33687/jacm.004.01.4435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jacm.004.01.4435","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted this study to analyze the adoption of Mechanical Transplanting of Rice (MTR) in one of the prominent rice-producing districts Gujranwala of Punjab, Province. Rice has been a significant source of income in this area. A total of 220 rice growers, were selected using the non-probability method of selection from Wazirabad and Kamoki tehsils of district Gujranwala. Selected respondents were interviewed face to face on a structured questionnaire which was pre-tested and validated before final data collection. Collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results were distributed into three sections (i) demographic profile, (ii) relative advantage of MTR and (iii) constraints analysis. Demography unveiled that young age farmers had less inclination towards rice growing, although the majority of respondents had formal education, had ownership of their lands and farmers were irrigating rice crops using tube well. As for as relative advantage was concerned, MTR relatively produced a high extent in terms of effectiveness (X̅ = 4.04, SD=0.62) due to high efficiency, less labour intensive, and high yield. Mandatory use of lesser land levellers, maintenance issues of MTR, unskilled labour and inadequate training for the farmers were prominent consents aced by the MTR user. This study urges more technical backstopping from the concerned institutions to foster the adoption of MTR on the farm level.","PeriodicalId":447755,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arable Crops and Marketing","volume":"829 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123291524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.33687/jacm.004.01.4430
M. S. Akhtar, Shabbir Ahmad, Mohammad A. Tarar, S. Akhtar, Shakeel Imran
The objective of this research was to analyze the role of media information in addressing the challenges of climate change in the rice-wheat cropping zone in the Punjab province, Pakistan. The study specifically analyzed the relationship between information sources and the impact of climate change. The study was conducted in the central region of the Punjab province, Pakistan. Data collection was done by multi-stage sampling from the rice-wheat crop zone of Punjab. In the 1st stage, three districts i.e., Narowal, Gujranwala, and Sialkot were selected randomly from the central Punjab region. One tehsil was randomly selected at the 2nd stage from each district. Six union councils (UCs) at the 3rd stage were picked at random; two from each tehsil. In the 4th stage, four villages from each UC were selected by systematic random sampling. At the 5th stage, 17 farmers were selected randomly from each village (480 farmers in total). Data were collected by the face-to-face administration of a structured questionnaire and were analysed by SPSS version 21. The outcome of the present investigation has revealed that the fellow farmers (x̅=2.24 ± 0.54), private companies (dealers of fertilizer pesticides) (x̅ =1.70 ± 0.74), burji /wall chalking (x̅ =1.53±0.66), TV (x̅=1.47±0.72), field assistant/Agri. officer of the dept. of Agriculture (x̅=1.43 ± 0.52) and mobile phone (x̅=1.42 ± 0.64) was ranked 1st to 6th, respectively, as sources of information concerning climate change. Moreover, the results of the logistic regression model showed that the sources of information, i.e., TV, mobile, Zarai digest, fellow farmers, and private companies, had a positive and significant role (P0.05) in adopting the coping strategies to cope with the climate changes while radio had a non-significant influence. The study concludes that credible and need-based information sources are the core priority of climate-affected areas. It is a dire need to address these challenges through rapid implementation of cost-effective resources to minimize the loss of climate change
{"title":"Role of Media in Addressing the Challenges of Climate Change in the Rice-Wheat Cropping Zone in the Punjab Province, Pakistan","authors":"M. S. Akhtar, Shabbir Ahmad, Mohammad A. Tarar, S. Akhtar, Shakeel Imran","doi":"10.33687/jacm.004.01.4430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jacm.004.01.4430","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to analyze the role of media information in addressing the challenges of climate change in the rice-wheat cropping zone in the Punjab province, Pakistan. The study specifically analyzed the relationship between information sources and the impact of climate change. The study was conducted in the central region of the Punjab province, Pakistan. Data collection was done by multi-stage sampling from the rice-wheat crop zone of Punjab. In the 1st stage, three districts i.e., Narowal, Gujranwala, and Sialkot were selected randomly from the central Punjab region. One tehsil was randomly selected at the 2nd stage from each district. Six union councils (UCs) at the 3rd stage were picked at random; two from each tehsil. In the 4th stage, four villages from each UC were selected by systematic random sampling. At the 5th stage, 17 farmers were selected randomly from each village (480 farmers in total). Data were collected by the face-to-face administration of a structured questionnaire and were analysed by SPSS version 21. The outcome of the present investigation has revealed that the fellow farmers (x̅=2.24 ± 0.54), private companies (dealers of fertilizer pesticides) (x̅ =1.70 ± 0.74), burji /wall chalking (x̅ =1.53±0.66), TV (x̅=1.47±0.72), field assistant/Agri. officer of the dept. of Agriculture (x̅=1.43 ± 0.52) and mobile phone (x̅=1.42 ± 0.64) was ranked 1st to 6th, respectively, as sources of information concerning climate change. Moreover, the results of the logistic regression model showed that the sources of information, i.e., TV, mobile, Zarai digest, fellow farmers, and private companies, had a positive and significant role (P0.05) in adopting the coping strategies to cope with the climate changes while radio had a non-significant influence. The study concludes that credible and need-based information sources are the core priority of climate-affected areas. It is a dire need to address these challenges through rapid implementation of cost-effective resources to minimize the loss of climate change","PeriodicalId":447755,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arable Crops and Marketing","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130663722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.33687/jacm.004.01.4499
Faisal Rasool, I. Baig, A. Saboor, T. Mahmood
Climate change has now become a subject of concern for the whole world especially for developing countries. According to Global Climate Risk Index (GCRI) 2021, Pakistan lies at eight number amongst top ten countries of world which are facing severe impacts of climatic changes. Climate change has serious repercussions on the agriculture sector of Pakistan. Mitigation and Adaptation are considered to be options by climate change experts to counter negative impacts of climate change. By keeping above in view, the objective of this study was to identify adaptation practices adopted by farmers in Punjab, Pakistan. The Primary data was used and collected through qualitative data collection techniques i.e. In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Based on the research plan, five IDIs were conducted with experts related to agriculture sector and with farmers of study area. Further, five FGDs were conducted in five selected districts of the study area. Based upon discussions with experts and with local farmers, key adaptation practices adopted by majority of farmers were: Rice crop residues incorporation, Change in sowing time, sowing method for wheat crop (Broadcast, Ridge sowing), certified seed varieties of wheat, change of seed rate, deep ploughing using chisel plough, laser land levelling (LLL), application of potash, changing the number of irrigations, application of farm yard manure (FYM), drainage of water from field (pumps or other means) and use of weather forecasting. NVivo qualitative data analysis software was used to depict this qualitative discussion into two types of structures i.e., Word Tree and Word Cloud.
{"title":"Identification of Key Adaptation Practices adopted by Wheat Growing Farmers of Punjab, Pakistan: A Qualitative Approach","authors":"Faisal Rasool, I. Baig, A. Saboor, T. Mahmood","doi":"10.33687/jacm.004.01.4499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jacm.004.01.4499","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change has now become a subject of concern for the whole world especially for developing countries. According to Global Climate Risk Index (GCRI) 2021, Pakistan lies at eight number amongst top ten countries of world which are facing severe impacts of climatic changes. Climate change has serious repercussions on the agriculture sector of Pakistan. Mitigation and Adaptation are considered to be options by climate change experts to counter negative impacts of climate change. By keeping above in view, the objective of this study was to identify adaptation practices adopted by farmers in Punjab, Pakistan. The Primary data was used and collected through qualitative data collection techniques i.e. In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Based on the research plan, five IDIs were conducted with experts related to agriculture sector and with farmers of study area. Further, five FGDs were conducted in five selected districts of the study area. Based upon discussions with experts and with local farmers, key adaptation practices adopted by majority of farmers were: Rice crop residues incorporation, Change in sowing time, sowing method for wheat crop (Broadcast, Ridge sowing), certified seed varieties of wheat, change of seed rate, deep ploughing using chisel plough, laser land levelling (LLL), application of potash, changing the number of irrigations, application of farm yard manure (FYM), drainage of water from field (pumps or other means) and use of weather forecasting. NVivo qualitative data analysis software was used to depict this qualitative discussion into two types of structures i.e., Word Tree and Word Cloud.","PeriodicalId":447755,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arable Crops and Marketing","volume":"44 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131134398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-30DOI: 10.33687/jacm.004.01.4434
R. Ejaz, K. M. Chaudhary, I. Ashraf, Muhammad Tahir
Of the total thirteen rain-fed districts in the Pothohar region, Punjab province of Pakistan, four (Rawalpindi, Jhelum, Chakwal and Attock) are completely rain-fed. Erratic rainfall, moisture, soil degradation, soil erosion and droughts are prominent issues in the Pothohar region, augmenting the dire need for soil and water conservation.; to explore the determinants of the adoption of soil and water conservation practices, this study was conducted in Rawalpindi district because it receives maximum rainfall; which is most of the time lost due to absence of sufficient storage reservoirs exuberating the soil erosion and natural resource degradation. A total of 381 respondents participated in the study respondents were interviewed face-to-face on a structured, validated and reliable questionnaire. The Chi-square test of statistics and a binary logistic model were applied to the collected data using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results demonstrated a statistically significant (P0.05) association between age, farm size, farming experience, and annual income, with awareness and adoption of soil and water conservation practices. Both awareness and adoption of conservation practices were insignificant (P0.05) with the educational level of respondents. Regression analysis confirmed that awareness and adoption of conservation measures were influenced significantly by the predictors' lack of motivation, reliance on off-farming income sources, and inadequate demonstrations. This study complements the adoption of soil and water conservation technologies in the environment of the Pothohar region. To meet this objective, institutional services need to be mainstreamed. Public sector agricultural extension should emphasize awareness campaigns, advisory services, and training programs for farmers and the establishment of demonstration plots specifying the adoption of soil and water conservation techniques.
{"title":"Determinants of Adoption of Soil and Water Conservation Practices in Rainfed Agriculture: A Case Study in Pothohar Region, Pakistan","authors":"R. Ejaz, K. M. Chaudhary, I. Ashraf, Muhammad Tahir","doi":"10.33687/jacm.004.01.4434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jacm.004.01.4434","url":null,"abstract":"Of the total thirteen rain-fed districts in the Pothohar region, Punjab province of Pakistan, four (Rawalpindi, Jhelum, Chakwal and Attock) are completely rain-fed. Erratic rainfall, moisture, soil degradation, soil erosion and droughts are prominent issues in the Pothohar region, augmenting the dire need for soil and water conservation.; to explore the determinants of the adoption of soil and water conservation practices, this study was conducted in Rawalpindi district because it receives maximum rainfall; which is most of the time lost due to absence of sufficient storage reservoirs exuberating the soil erosion and natural resource degradation. A total of 381 respondents participated in the study respondents were interviewed face-to-face on a structured, validated and reliable questionnaire. The Chi-square test of statistics and a binary logistic model were applied to the collected data using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results demonstrated a statistically significant (P0.05) association between age, farm size, farming experience, and annual income, with awareness and adoption of soil and water conservation practices. Both awareness and adoption of conservation practices were insignificant (P0.05) with the educational level of respondents. Regression analysis confirmed that awareness and adoption of conservation measures were influenced significantly by the predictors' lack of motivation, reliance on off-farming income sources, and inadequate demonstrations. This study complements the adoption of soil and water conservation technologies in the environment of the Pothohar region. To meet this objective, institutional services need to be mainstreamed. Public sector agricultural extension should emphasize awareness campaigns, advisory services, and training programs for farmers and the establishment of demonstration plots specifying the adoption of soil and water conservation techniques.","PeriodicalId":447755,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arable Crops and Marketing","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124868753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-13DOI: 10.33687/jacm.003.1.2.4167
A. W. Soomro, N. Shah, A. Keerio, Aqeel A. Mahar, Khalilullah Soomro
Six cotton varieties were evaluated at the environmental condition of Sakrand to assess the CLCV disease incidence % and due to its effect reduction in yield and fiber traits. It was confirmed from the present research that cotton leaf curl virus (CLCV) disease incidence generally has adverse effects on cotton crop growth and development, seed cotton yield, and economic traits. The range of disease incidence % was noted from 19.5% (IUB-13) to 56.8% (CIM-602). Due to CLCV disease incidence up to 50% reduction was noted in plant height, bolls plant-1, boll weight, and seed cotton yield. However, fiber quality traits are less decreased as compared yield traits. Therefore, it is always necessary to recommend cotton leaf curl virus disease resistant/tolerant varieties for general cultivation to combat CLCV and also emphasize on proper control of whitefly, as it is a vector for transmitting CLCV disease from one plant to another. There present study was conducted to document Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCV) disease on yield and economic traits of cotton.
{"title":"Influence of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCV) Disease on Yield and Economic Traits of Cotton","authors":"A. W. Soomro, N. Shah, A. Keerio, Aqeel A. Mahar, Khalilullah Soomro","doi":"10.33687/jacm.003.1.2.4167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jacm.003.1.2.4167","url":null,"abstract":"Six cotton varieties were evaluated at the environmental condition of Sakrand to assess the CLCV disease incidence % and due to its effect reduction in yield and fiber traits. It was confirmed from the present research that cotton leaf curl virus (CLCV) disease incidence generally has adverse effects on cotton crop growth and development, seed cotton yield, and economic traits. The range of disease incidence % was noted from 19.5% (IUB-13) to 56.8% (CIM-602). Due to CLCV disease incidence up to 50% reduction was noted in plant height, bolls plant-1, boll weight, and seed cotton yield. However, fiber quality traits are less decreased as compared yield traits. Therefore, it is always necessary to recommend cotton leaf curl virus disease resistant/tolerant varieties for general cultivation to combat CLCV and also emphasize on proper control of whitefly, as it is a vector for transmitting CLCV disease from one plant to another. There present study was conducted to document Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCV) disease on yield and economic traits of cotton.","PeriodicalId":447755,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arable Crops and Marketing","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124570790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-13DOI: 10.33687/jacm.003.1.2.4164
Akalu Gebru, Agegnehu Mekonnen
The trial had been conducted using farmer preference and analysis of variance at two locations in Atarimesk and Maibar (top, middle and downstream) watershed. It was replicated three times in each location per farmers and would provide five improved bread wheat varieties and one local variety totally of six varieties. The plot sizes of each variety were 4m*3m and the planting methods were in raw 125 kg/ ha at farmer planting time. The spacing between rows and plots will be 0.2m and 0.5m respectively. Analysis of variance over the two locations revealed that highly significant difference (0.01) over in days to heading, and grain yield, and Analysis of variance in maibar location days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, thousand seed weight, and grain yields were highly significant. In Atarimesk location days to heading and grain yields were highly significant. But days to mature, spike length, and thousand seed weight were non-significant. Variety. Tsehay and sorra took the short number of days to head and mature, these help to escape drought occurrence in eastern Amhara. As far as disease reaction is concerned, Variety Tsehaye no disease incidence in two locations. But variety sorra shows five percent incidence with less than five percent severity in one farm, only one replication. Farmers were select variety sorra and Tsehay by their own selection criteria. From the analysis of variance, Variety sorra and Tsehay 34 kg/ha and 27 kg/ha give yield advantage over the local variety respectively. Therefore, Variety Sorra and Tsehay are recommended for further production in Maibar, Atarimesk and similar agro-ecologies.
{"title":"Evaluation of Yield and Yield-Related Trait on the Performance of Bread Wheat Varieties with their Production Package in Atarimesk and Maibar Watershed Wollo, Ethiopia","authors":"Akalu Gebru, Agegnehu Mekonnen","doi":"10.33687/jacm.003.1.2.4164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jacm.003.1.2.4164","url":null,"abstract":"The trial had been conducted using farmer preference and analysis of variance at two locations in Atarimesk and Maibar (top, middle and downstream) watershed. It was replicated three times in each location per farmers and would provide five improved bread wheat varieties and one local variety totally of six varieties. The plot sizes of each variety were 4m*3m and the planting methods were in raw 125 kg/ ha at farmer planting time. The spacing between rows and plots will be 0.2m and 0.5m respectively. Analysis of variance over the two locations revealed that highly significant difference (0.01) over in days to heading, and grain yield, and Analysis of variance in maibar location days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, thousand seed weight, and grain yields were highly significant. In Atarimesk location days to heading and grain yields were highly significant. But days to mature, spike length, and thousand seed weight were non-significant. Variety. Tsehay and sorra took the short number of days to head and mature, these help to escape drought occurrence in eastern Amhara. As far as disease reaction is concerned, Variety Tsehaye no disease incidence in two locations. But variety sorra shows five percent incidence with less than five percent severity in one farm, only one replication. Farmers were select variety sorra and Tsehay by their own selection criteria. From the analysis of variance, Variety sorra and Tsehay 34 kg/ha and 27 kg/ha give yield advantage over the local variety respectively. Therefore, Variety Sorra and Tsehay are recommended for further production in Maibar, Atarimesk and similar agro-ecologies.","PeriodicalId":447755,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arable Crops and Marketing","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134570397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.33687/jacm.003.1.2.4163
F. Akram, Tahsin Fatimah, M. Saleem, M. A. Qazi, Syed S. H. Qazmi, A. Aslam, Awais Karamat
The soil is the medium or habitat for plant growth as a mother to supply the water and nutrients. The fertility and salinity status of soils contribute a major role in enhancing crop productivity. The current exploration was carried out to characterize the soils of Tehsil Nankana Sahib (Nankana, Shahkot, Sangilla) for their salinity, sodicity and fertility status at the union council level from 2018-19 to 2020-21. A total of 2030 soil samples were collected from three Tehsils of District Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan. The results indicated that the soil salinity status about 33.9% (690 samples) soils of Nankana Sahib was non-saline, 23.6% (480 samples) saline-sodic, 28.5% (580 samples) sodic and only 13.8% (280 samples) were saline. Across these tehsils, maximum problematic soils were found in tehsil Nankana Sahib while minimum in Sangilla. As for the soil fertility status of District Nankana Sahib is concerned, 60.1% of soils were poor in organic matter (OM) that is observed in 1220 samples, and 39.1% medium-range organic matter is observed from the 794 samples while 7.8% from the only 160 samples that is approaching the adequate range. The available phosphorus in soils was found poor among 26.1% (530 samples), 56.1% medium (1140 samples) and the adequate range of available phosphorus is 17.7% (360 samples). Textural class analysis indicated that most of the soils of District Nankana Sahib were loam having 67% soils (1360 samples), followed by 34.8% (708 samples) clay and the least 1.6% (32 samples) were found sandy soils. When the examinations are compared at the Tehsil level, Tehsil Nankana had the most deficient in organic matter that contributes 60% of total soil under observation while Sangilla had minimum deficiency (58.3%) OM. In the same way, maximum soils 33%) of Sangilla were deficient in available phosphorus while minimum was in Tehsil Nankana Sahib (21.8%).
土壤是植物生长的介质或栖息地，作为母亲提供水分和养分。土壤的肥力和盐度状况在提高作物生产力方面起着重要作用。目前的勘探是在2018-19年至2020-21年期间，在联邦理事会一级对Tehsil Nankana Sahib (Nankana、Shahkot、Sangilla)土壤的盐度、碱度和肥力状况进行表征。从巴基斯坦旁遮普省南卡纳萨希布区的三个县共收集了2030个土壤样本。结果表明:南卡那沙岗土壤盐分状态为非盐碱化的占33.9%(690份)，盐碱化的占23.6%(480份)，盐碱化的占28.5%(580份)，盐碱化的仅占13.8%(280份)。在这些地区，问题土壤最多的是南卡纳萨希布地区，而最小的是桑吉拉地区。就南卡那地区的土壤肥力状况而言，1220个样品中60.1%的土壤有机质(OM)较差，794个样品中39.1%的土壤有机质处于中等水平，仅有160个样品中7.8%的土壤有机质接近适当范围。土壤有效磷含量差的占26.1%(530份)，中等的占56.1%(1140份)，有效磷适宜范围为17.7%(360份)。质地分类分析表明，南卡纳地区土壤以壤土为主，占1360份(67%)，粘土次之，占708份(34.8%)，砂质土占最少1.6%(32份)。当在特希尔水平进行比较时，特希尔南卡纳的有机质最缺乏，占观察土壤总量的60%，而桑吉拉的有机质缺乏最少(58.3%)。同样，桑吉拉的土壤有效磷含量最高(33%)，而特希尔南卡纳萨希布的土壤有效磷含量最低(21.8%)。
{"title":"Salinity & Fertility Status of Irrigated soils in District Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"F. Akram, Tahsin Fatimah, M. Saleem, M. A. Qazi, Syed S. H. Qazmi, A. Aslam, Awais Karamat","doi":"10.33687/jacm.003.1.2.4163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jacm.003.1.2.4163","url":null,"abstract":"The soil is the medium or habitat for plant growth as a mother to supply the water and nutrients. The fertility and salinity status of soils contribute a major role in enhancing crop productivity. The current exploration was carried out to characterize the soils of Tehsil Nankana Sahib (Nankana, Shahkot, Sangilla) for their salinity, sodicity and fertility status at the union council level from 2018-19 to 2020-21. A total of 2030 soil samples were collected from three Tehsils of District Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan. The results indicated that the soil salinity status about 33.9% (690 samples) soils of Nankana Sahib was non-saline, 23.6% (480 samples) saline-sodic, 28.5% (580 samples) sodic and only 13.8% (280 samples) were saline. Across these tehsils, maximum problematic soils were found in tehsil Nankana Sahib while minimum in Sangilla. As for the soil fertility status of District Nankana Sahib is concerned, 60.1% of soils were poor in organic matter (OM) that is observed in 1220 samples, and 39.1% medium-range organic matter is observed from the 794 samples while 7.8% from the only 160 samples that is approaching the adequate range. The available phosphorus in soils was found poor among 26.1% (530 samples), 56.1% medium (1140 samples) and the adequate range of available phosphorus is 17.7% (360 samples). Textural class analysis indicated that most of the soils of District Nankana Sahib were loam having 67% soils (1360 samples), followed by 34.8% (708 samples) clay and the least 1.6% (32 samples) were found sandy soils. When the examinations are compared at the Tehsil level, Tehsil Nankana had the most deficient in organic matter that contributes 60% of total soil under observation while Sangilla had minimum deficiency (58.3%) OM. In the same way, maximum soils 33%) of Sangilla were deficient in available phosphorus while minimum was in Tehsil Nankana Sahib (21.8%).","PeriodicalId":447755,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arable Crops and Marketing","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133995786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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