Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.33687/jacm.001.02.3452
W. Ahmad, N. Hussain
The field experiment was performed at Adaptive Research Farm Karor, Layyah by sowing cotton variety (MNH-886) @ 25 kg ha-1. The experiment was conducted by Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with a factorial arrangement and 3 replications. The fertilizer NPK was applied as per recommendation and standard agronomic practices were given at a proper time. The maximum cotton seed germination (m-2) was 37.00 with soaking the seed in potassium chloride solution. A maximum number of plants m-2 was (32.667) in treatment soaking seed in potassium chloride solution. Whereas a minimum number of plants m-2 were (20.66) in the control treatment. Maximum plant height (cm)was observed in treatment soaking the seed in potassium chloride solution. Whereas minimum plant height was recorded in the control treatment. Maximum monopodial branches were observed in treatment soaking the seed in potassium chloride solution, followed by soaking the seed in water for 12 hours (hydro-priming) which is statically at par with soaking the seed in calcium chloride solution. Whereas a maximum number of sympodial branches were recorded at soaking the seed in potassium chloride solution (23.33). Seed priming of cotton seed with water and salts have no effect on the number of squares, flowers, open bolls plant-1 and boll weight (g). Maximum average yield was (2700.00 kg ha-1) in treatment soaking seed in potassium chloride solution. Whereas minimum seed cotton yield was (2338 kg ha-1) in the control treatment. Maximum seed cotton yield was (901.07kg ha-1) in treatment soaking seed in potassium chloride solution. Whereas minimum seed cotton yield was (773.70kg ha-1) in the control treatment. Maximum seed lint yield was (1797.7 kg ha-1) in treatment soaking the seed in potassium chloride (KCl) solution. Whereas minimum seed cotton yield was (1545.6 kg ha-1) in the control treatment. Maximum seed index was (9.0167gm) in treatment soaking the seed in potassium chloride solution (KCl). Whereas the minimum seed index was (7.6133gm) in the control treatment. Seed priming of cotton seed with water and salts have no effect on the uniformity index (%), UHML fiber length, and micro narie value. Maximum GOT (%) was (46.033%) in soaking seed in potassium chloride solution (KCl). Whereas minimum GOT was (42.863%) in the control treatment.
田间试验采用棉花品种MNH-886 (25 kg hm -1)进行。试验采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)，因子排列，3个重复。按推荐施用氮磷钾，适时施用标准农艺措施。氯化钾浸种后，棉花种子萌发率(m-2)最高为37.00。氯化钾浸种处理最大m-2株数为32.667株。而对照处理m-2株数最少，为20.66株。在氯化钾溶液中浸泡种子的处理植株最高(cm)。而对照处理的株高最低。在氯化钾溶液中浸泡种子，然后在水中浸泡12小时(水浸)，这与在氯化钙溶液中浸泡种子的静态相同，观察到最大的单足分枝。而在氯化钾溶液中浸种时，合聚枝数最多(23.33)。水和盐对棉花种子的方数、花数、开铃数和铃重(g)没有影响。氯化钾浸种处理的平均产量最高(2700.00 kg ha-1)。对照处理籽棉产量最低(2338 kg hm -1)。氯化钾浸种处理籽棉产量最高(901.07kg hm -1)。而对照处理籽棉产量最低(773.70kg hm -1)。氯化钾浸种处理的皮棉产量最高(1797.7 kg hm -1)。而对照处理籽棉产量最低(1545.6 kg hm -1)。在氯化钾溶液(KCl)中浸种处理的种子指数最高，为9.0167gm。对照处理种子指数最小，为7.6133gm。水和盐对棉籽均匀度指数(%)、UHML纤维长度和微颗粒值没有影响。在氯化钾溶液(KCl)中浸泡的种子，其GOT(%)最高为46.033%。而对照组的GOT最小值为42.863%。
{"title":"Evaluation of growth stimulants on growth and yield of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)","authors":"W. Ahmad, N. Hussain","doi":"10.33687/jacm.001.02.3452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jacm.001.02.3452","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiment was performed at Adaptive Research Farm Karor, Layyah by sowing cotton variety (MNH-886) @ 25 kg ha-1. The experiment was conducted by Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with a factorial arrangement and 3 replications. The fertilizer NPK was applied as per recommendation and standard agronomic practices were given at a proper time. The maximum cotton seed germination (m-2) was 37.00 with soaking the seed in potassium chloride solution. A maximum number of plants m-2 was (32.667) in treatment soaking seed in potassium chloride solution. Whereas a minimum number of plants m-2 were (20.66) in the control treatment. Maximum plant height (cm)was observed in treatment soaking the seed in potassium chloride solution. Whereas minimum plant height was recorded in the control treatment. Maximum monopodial branches were observed in treatment soaking the seed in potassium chloride solution, followed by soaking the seed in water for 12 hours (hydro-priming) which is statically at par with soaking the seed in calcium chloride solution. Whereas a maximum number of sympodial branches were recorded at soaking the seed in potassium chloride solution (23.33). Seed priming of cotton seed with water and salts have no effect on the number of squares, flowers, open bolls plant-1 and boll weight (g). Maximum average yield was (2700.00 kg ha-1) in treatment soaking seed in potassium chloride solution. Whereas minimum seed cotton yield was (2338 kg ha-1) in the control treatment. Maximum seed cotton yield was (901.07kg ha-1) in treatment soaking seed in potassium chloride solution. Whereas minimum seed cotton yield was (773.70kg ha-1) in the control treatment. Maximum seed lint yield was (1797.7 kg ha-1) in treatment soaking the seed in potassium chloride (KCl) solution. Whereas minimum seed cotton yield was (1545.6 kg ha-1) in the control treatment. Maximum seed index was (9.0167gm) in treatment soaking the seed in potassium chloride solution (KCl). Whereas the minimum seed index was (7.6133gm) in the control treatment. Seed priming of cotton seed with water and salts have no effect on the uniformity index (%), UHML fiber length, and micro narie value. Maximum GOT (%) was (46.033%) in soaking seed in potassium chloride solution (KCl). Whereas minimum GOT was (42.863%) in the control treatment.","PeriodicalId":447755,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arable Crops and Marketing","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130012565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-14DOI: 10.33687/jacm.001.02.3451
W. Ahmad, N. Hussain, S. Shah
Among abiotic factors, high temperature is severe constraint limiting crop production. Wheat is a major cereal and staple crop of Pakistan. An experiment was conducted (winter season 2018-19) to expose the effect of warmness induced biochemical alteration on morphological points of Pakistani wheat cultivars. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement having three replications was used to experiment. Heat stress treatments H0 = No heat imposition, H1 = heat imposition from (Feekes Scale = 10 to 10.5) booting to complete heading were randomized in main plots while varieties in subplots. Galaxy-2013, Gold-2016, Ghazi-2016, Aas-2011, Johar-2016, Pakistan-2013, F-8, Sahar-2006, Jauher-2016 and AARI-2011. Under heat stress, a smaller reduction in chlorophyll fillings and improvement in antioxidant activities were showed by Ghazi-2019, Aas-2011 and Jhor-2016. Among all other cultivars, higher chlorophyll deprivation and depletion in antioxidant activities under heat stress over control was observed. Reasonably lesser grain filling rate, higher duration, number of grains per spike and yield was detected for cultivars Ghazi-2019, Aas-2011, Jhor-2016 and F-8 under heat stress over control. Convincingly, based on biochemical response and morphological indicators genotypes Ghazi-2019, Aas-2011 and Jhor-2016 manifested heat tolerance. Genotype Fareed-2006 and F-8 manifested medium tolerance. Whereas, genotype AARI-2011, Galaxy-2013, Gold- 2016, Jhor-2016, Pakistain-2013, Sher-2006 and Ujala depicted susceptibility to terminal heat stress.
{"title":"Screening of wheat (Ttiticum aestivum L.) cultivars for terminal heat stress tolerance by using biochemical pointer","authors":"W. Ahmad, N. Hussain, S. Shah","doi":"10.33687/jacm.001.02.3451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jacm.001.02.3451","url":null,"abstract":"Among abiotic factors, high temperature is severe constraint limiting crop production. Wheat is a major cereal and staple crop of Pakistan. An experiment was conducted (winter season 2018-19) to expose the effect of warmness induced biochemical alteration on morphological points of Pakistani wheat cultivars. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement having three replications was used to experiment. Heat stress treatments H0 = No heat imposition, H1 = heat imposition from (Feekes Scale = 10 to 10.5) booting to complete heading were randomized in main plots while varieties in subplots. Galaxy-2013, Gold-2016, Ghazi-2016, Aas-2011, Johar-2016, Pakistan-2013, F-8, Sahar-2006, Jauher-2016 and AARI-2011. Under heat stress, a smaller reduction in chlorophyll fillings and improvement in antioxidant activities were showed by Ghazi-2019, Aas-2011 and Jhor-2016. Among all other cultivars, higher chlorophyll deprivation and depletion in antioxidant activities under heat stress over control was observed. Reasonably lesser grain filling rate, higher duration, number of grains per spike and yield was detected for cultivars Ghazi-2019, Aas-2011, Jhor-2016 and F-8 under heat stress over control. Convincingly, based on biochemical response and morphological indicators genotypes Ghazi-2019, Aas-2011 and Jhor-2016 manifested heat tolerance. Genotype Fareed-2006 and F-8 manifested medium tolerance. Whereas, genotype AARI-2011, Galaxy-2013, Gold- 2016, Jhor-2016, Pakistain-2013, Sher-2006 and Ujala depicted susceptibility to terminal heat stress.","PeriodicalId":447755,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arable Crops and Marketing","volume":"120 20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126313700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-13DOI: 10.33687/jacm.001.02.3454
M. N. Shah, Muhammad J. Shafi, A. Wahid
With increasing population, the demand for food is also increasing. So, with the aim to increase the productivity of crop a field experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the foliar application of moringa leaf extract (MLE) at growth and yield of sunflower under water deficit conditions at Agronomy research area, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. The treatments comprise of Factor A: Irrigation,(I0 = Normal irrigation, I1 = Skipped at knee height stage, I2 = Skipped at knee height + heading stage, I3 = Skipped at knee height + heading + seed development stage and Factor B: Foliar application of MLE (Subplot), T0 = No spray, T1 = Spray at knee height stage, T2 = Spray at knee height + heading stage, T3 = Spray at knee height + heading + seed development stage with randomized complete block design (RCBD) split-plot design in three replications. The interactive effect between moringa leaf extract (MLE) and irrigation was significant. Maximum head diameter (22.17cm), number of achenes per head (1030.30), 1000-achenes weight (49.73g), achene yield (3474 kg/ha), and biological yield (10729.83 kg/ha), oil content (41.734%), protein content (20.8%) was observed in F3 (K+H+S) and I0 (Normal) irrigation. While minimum head diameter (15.57cm), number of achenes per head (681.67), 1000-achenes weight (42.001g), achene yield (2536.33 kg/ha), and biological yield (8209.33 kg/ha), oil content (36.3%), protein content (16.27%) was observed in F0 (no spray) and I3 (K+H+S) irrigation. Results showed that foliar application of moringa leaf extract under normal conditions boost the crop yield and drought stress at (K+H+S) is detrimental for growth and development of sunflower.
{"title":"Influence of foliage applied moringa leaf extract on growth and yield of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) underwater deficit conditions","authors":"M. N. Shah, Muhammad J. Shafi, A. Wahid","doi":"10.33687/jacm.001.02.3454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jacm.001.02.3454","url":null,"abstract":"With increasing population, the demand for food is also increasing. So, with the aim to increase the productivity of crop a field experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the foliar application of moringa leaf extract (MLE) at growth and yield of sunflower under water deficit conditions at Agronomy research area, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan. The treatments comprise of Factor A: Irrigation,(I0 = Normal irrigation, I1 = Skipped at knee height stage, I2 = Skipped at knee height + heading stage, I3 = Skipped at knee height + heading + seed development stage and Factor B: Foliar application of MLE (Subplot), T0 = No spray, T1 = Spray at knee height stage, T2 = Spray at knee height + heading stage, T3 = Spray at knee height + heading + seed development stage with randomized complete block design (RCBD) split-plot design in three replications. The interactive effect between moringa leaf extract (MLE) and irrigation was significant. Maximum head diameter (22.17cm), number of achenes per head (1030.30), 1000-achenes weight (49.73g), achene yield (3474 kg/ha), and biological yield (10729.83 kg/ha), oil content (41.734%), protein content (20.8%) was observed in F3 (K+H+S) and I0 (Normal) irrigation. While minimum head diameter (15.57cm), number of achenes per head (681.67), 1000-achenes weight (42.001g), achene yield (2536.33 kg/ha), and biological yield (8209.33 kg/ha), oil content (36.3%), protein content (16.27%) was observed in F0 (no spray) and I3 (K+H+S) irrigation. Results showed that foliar application of moringa leaf extract under normal conditions boost the crop yield and drought stress at (K+H+S) is detrimental for growth and development of sunflower.","PeriodicalId":447755,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arable Crops and Marketing","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122859627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-14DOI: 10.33687/jacm.001.01.3190
H. Ali, Asad Abbas, S. Hussain, S. A. Abid, Shazia Khaliq, N. Sarwar
Cotton is an important cash crop and source of foreign exchange. Nitrogen is a critical nutrient for plant growth throughout the life span of the crop. Wheat straw mulch not only source of nitrogen supply but also improves soil fertility and reduces soil erosion. The current study was performed to investigate the effects of mulches and nitrogen application on cotton productivity and fiber quality at the Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI), Multan. Two crop residues i.e. wheat straw and non wheat straw were used in main plots while nitrogen levels viz. 0,50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 were randomized in subplots. The highest seed cotton yield (22.99 t ha-1) was obtained by the combination of nitrogen fertilizer application highest level (150 kg N ha-1) along with the wheat straw (20.27 t ha-1). The fiber quality was also affected by the wheat straw along with nitrogen application 150 kg N ha-1 and gave maximum results. In conclusion, wheat straw along with 150 kg ha-1 of Nitrogen application gave maximum results on cotton production as compared to non straw with low nitrogen application.
棉花是重要的经济作物和外汇来源。在作物的整个生命周期中，氮是植物生长的关键养分。小麦秸秆覆盖不仅是氮素供应的来源，而且能提高土壤肥力，减少土壤侵蚀。本研究在木尔坦中央棉花研究所(CCRI)进行，旨在研究覆盖和施氮对棉花产量和纤维品质的影响。主小区采用麦秸和非麦秸两种作物秸秆，子小区随机施氮水平分别为0、50、100和150 kg hm -1。施氮最高水平(150 kg N ha-1)与麦秸(20.27 t ha-1)组合，籽棉产量最高(22.99 t ha-1)。施氮量为150 kg N hm -1时，小麦秸秆对纤维品质也有影响，且影响最大。综上所述，小麦秸秆配施150 kg hm -1施氮比无秸秆配施低氮对棉花产量的影响最大。
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Pub Date : 2019-06-14DOI: 10.33687/jacm.001.01.3192
Tanveer Kashmiri, M. Mehran, A. Pasha
The purpose of this study is to investigate how employee compensation and job satisfaction influence employee performance. And more importantly, this study examines the mediating effect of the organizational commitment between employee compensation, job satisfaction and employee performance. Based on the prior studies conducted on employee compensation, job satisfaction, employee performance and organizational commitment, an integrated conceptual framework on employee compensation, job satisfaction, employee performance and organizational commitment was developed. The convenience sampling technique was employed in this study, and a sample drawn was consisted of 375 NADRA employees serving in Multan region. The sample was focused on the employees working in the NADRA Multan region. For more robust testing of the theory organizational commitment was included as mediating variable. For testing of mediation effect Process by Andrew F. Hayes was used with the assistance of SPSS version 23. Research findings revealed that the impacts of employee compensation and job satisfaction on employee performance are positive and significant. And organizational commitment as a mediating variable mediates the relationships between employee compensation, job satisfaction and employee performance. The mindsets of the today employees are changing, and they are more conscious about their relationships with the organizations, they love to share their good and bad experiences with the organizations. Today, it is very important for organizations to know the feelings of the employees about their organizations. This study suggests the organizations by tuning employee compensation, job satisfaction variables they may impact on the performance of the employees. And by introducing organizational commitment they may also change the relationships between employees and organization. Variables part of this study were not old constructs, but it is new for the graphical location where I conducted this study because there was no similar study available here. This study is only focused on NADRA Multan region, other geographical locations or industries may be used to more clearly understand the brand evangelism construct. Also, comparative studies can be performed for different organizational ladders and geographical locations.
本研究的目的是探讨员工薪酬和工作满意度对员工绩效的影响。更重要的是，本研究考察了组织承诺在员工薪酬、工作满意度和员工绩效之间的中介作用。在前人对员工薪酬、工作满意度、员工绩效和组织承诺研究的基础上，构建了一个整合了员工薪酬、工作满意度、员工绩效和组织承诺的概念框架。本研究采用便利抽样方法，抽取在木尔坦地区服务的NADRA员工375人作为样本。样本集中在NADRA木尔坦地区工作的员工。为了对理论进行更稳健的检验，我们将组织承诺作为中介变量。对于中介效应的检验，采用Andrew F. Hayes的Process，辅助SPSS version 23。研究发现，员工薪酬和工作满意度对员工绩效的影响是正向的、显著的。组织承诺作为中介变量在员工薪酬、工作满意度和员工绩效之间起中介作用。今天员工的心态正在发生变化，他们更加意识到他们与组织的关系，他们喜欢与组织分享他们的好和坏的经历。今天，了解员工对组织的感受对组织来说是非常重要的。本研究表明，组织可以通过调整员工薪酬、工作满意度等变量来影响员工的绩效。通过引入组织承诺，他们也可能改变员工与组织之间的关系。本研究的变量部分不是旧结构，但对于我进行本研究的图形位置来说是新的，因为这里没有类似的研究。本研究仅针对木尔坦地区，其他地理位置或行业可以更清楚地了解品牌传福音的建构。此外，还可以对不同的组织阶梯和地理位置进行比较研究。
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.33687/jacm.001.01.3455
S. Zafar, A. Wahid
Water scarcity is one of those issues. Reuse of wastewater from textile industries is a very common strategy to cope with water scarcity. Continuous use of effluent water for agricultural purposes results in negative impacts on physicochemical properties of soil and plant. Organic fertilizers are considered beneficial for soil and crop quality. To exploit the strategies to use this effluent water safely for crop production a pot experiment was conducted with different combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers viz. T1= Control (tap water + Recommended dose of NPK (130, 95 and 65 kg ha-1), T2=Wastewater + Recommended dose of NPK, T3=Wastewater + Organic fertilizer (200 kg ha-1) + Remaining NPK from inorganic fertilizer, T4=Wastewater + Organic fertilizer (400 kg ha-1) + Remaining NPK from inorganic fertilizer, T5 =Wastewater + Organic fertilizer (600 kg ha-1) + Remaining NPK from inorganic fertilizer and T6=Wastewater + Organic fertilizer (800 kg ha-1) + Remaining NPK from inorganic fertilizer. It was observed that integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizer (800 kg ha-1 organic and remaining of recommended dose from inorganic fertilizer + effluent water) enhanced the growth and yield of wheat crop. In a study found that the use of organic fertilizer could help mitigate the negative impact of textile effluent water on wheat growth.
缺水就是其中一个问题。纺织工业废水的再利用是应对水资源短缺的一种非常普遍的策略。农业废水的持续使用对土壤和植物的理化性质产生了负面影响。有机肥被认为对土壤和作物品质有益。为探索安全利用该废水进行作物生产的策略，采用不同有机和无机肥料组合进行盆栽试验，即T1=对照(自来水+ NPK推荐剂量(130、95和65 kg ha-1)， T2=废水+ NPK推荐剂量，T3=废水+有机肥(200 kg ha-1) +无机肥剩余NPK, T4=废水+有机肥(400 kg ha-1) +无机肥剩余NPK。T5 =废水+有机肥(600 kg hm -1) +无机肥料剩余氮磷钾，T6=废水+有机肥(800 kg hm -1) +无机肥料剩余氮磷钾。结果表明，有机肥和无机肥配施(800 kg hm -1)可促进小麦的生长和产量。在一项研究中发现，使用有机肥料可以帮助减轻纺织废水对小麦生长的负面影响。
{"title":"Use of organic fertilizer improves growth and yield of Triticum aestivum irrigated with textile wastewater","authors":"S. Zafar, A. Wahid","doi":"10.33687/jacm.001.01.3455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/jacm.001.01.3455","url":null,"abstract":"Water scarcity is one of those issues. Reuse of wastewater from textile industries is a very common strategy to cope with water scarcity. Continuous use of effluent water for agricultural purposes results in negative impacts on physicochemical properties of soil and plant. Organic fertilizers are considered beneficial for soil and crop quality. To exploit the strategies to use this effluent water safely for crop production a pot experiment was conducted with different combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers viz. T1= Control (tap water + Recommended dose of NPK (130, 95 and 65 kg ha-1), T2=Wastewater + Recommended dose of NPK, T3=Wastewater + Organic fertilizer (200 kg ha-1) + Remaining NPK from inorganic fertilizer, T4=Wastewater + Organic fertilizer (400 kg ha-1) + Remaining NPK from inorganic fertilizer, T5 =Wastewater + Organic fertilizer (600 kg ha-1) + Remaining NPK from inorganic fertilizer and T6=Wastewater + Organic fertilizer (800 kg ha-1) + Remaining NPK from inorganic fertilizer. It was observed that integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizer (800 kg ha-1 organic and remaining of recommended dose from inorganic fertilizer + effluent water) enhanced the growth and yield of wheat crop. In a study found that the use of organic fertilizer could help mitigate the negative impact of textile effluent water on wheat growth.","PeriodicalId":447755,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arable Crops and Marketing","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129167259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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