Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0069
S. Chapman, Grace V. Robinson, R. Shrimanker, C. Turnbull, J. Wrightson
This chapter considers pneumothorax aspiration. 1° pneumothorax: Consider aspiration if patient breathless, hypoxic, and pneumothorax large. 2° pneumothorax: Consider aspiration if evidence of underlying lung disease (or patient with significant smoking history, aged >50 years), with small pneumothorax and breathlessness.
{"title":"Pneumothorax aspiration","authors":"S. Chapman, Grace V. Robinson, R. Shrimanker, C. Turnbull, J. Wrightson","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0069","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter considers pneumothorax aspiration. 1° pneumothorax: Consider aspiration if patient breathless, hypoxic, and pneumothorax large. 2° pneumothorax: Consider aspiration if evidence of underlying lung disease (or patient with significant smoking history, aged >50 years), with small pneumothorax and breathlessness.","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128788759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198703860.003.0065
S. Chapman, Grace V. Robinson, R. Shrimanker, C. Turnbull, J. Wrightson
Difficulty in intubating patients often arises unexpectedly, even in those predicted to be low risk. The Difficult Airway Society have produced guidelines to help planning for difficulty and to produce a standardized approach. Cricothyroidotomy or ‘emergency front of neck access’ is the Plan D on these guidelines. It should be performed in after plans A–C have failed, a situation termed ‘can’t intubate can’t oxygenate’ (CICO). Cricothyroidotomy should only be performed by those with appropriate skills and training. The descriptions in this chapter are included to describe the technique and to outline the equipment required.
{"title":"Cricothyroidotomy","authors":"S. Chapman, Grace V. Robinson, R. Shrimanker, C. Turnbull, J. Wrightson","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198703860.003.0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198703860.003.0065","url":null,"abstract":"Difficulty in intubating patients often arises unexpectedly, even in those predicted to be low risk. The Difficult Airway Society have produced guidelines to help planning for difficulty and to produce a standardized approach. Cricothyroidotomy or ‘emergency front of neck access’ is the Plan D on these guidelines. It should be performed in after plans A–C have failed, a situation termed ‘can’t intubate can’t oxygenate’ (CICO). Cricothyroidotomy should only be performed by those with appropriate skills and training. The descriptions in this chapter are included to describe the technique and to outline the equipment required.","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128000337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0003
C. Robinson
This chapter discusses chronic cough and includes information on aetiology and clinical assessment, treatment, causes of cough; chronic cough: asthma, GORD, rhinitis, post-infectious, ACE inhibitors, idiopathic.
{"title":"Chronic cough","authors":"C. Robinson","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses chronic cough and includes information on aetiology and clinical assessment, treatment, causes of cough; chronic cough: asthma, GORD, rhinitis, post-infectious, ACE inhibitors, idiopathic.","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123364789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198703860.003.0071
S. Chapman, Grace V. Robinson, R. Shrimanker, C. Turnbull, J. Wrightson
Thoracentesis (‘pleural tap’ or pleural fluid aspiration) may be diagnostic or therapeutic. Site selection using US guidance gives a higher success rate and a better adverse event profile and should be used routinely. Use a dedicated procedure room when possible.
{"title":"Thoracentesis","authors":"S. Chapman, Grace V. Robinson, R. Shrimanker, C. Turnbull, J. Wrightson","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198703860.003.0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198703860.003.0071","url":null,"abstract":"Thoracentesis (‘pleural tap’ or pleural fluid aspiration) may be diagnostic or therapeutic. Site selection using US guidance gives a higher success rate and a better adverse event profile and should be used routinely. Use a dedicated procedure room when possible.","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"14 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133785391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oxygen therapy","authors":"S. Chapman, Grace V. Robinson, R. Shrimanker, C. Turnbull, J. Wrightson","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0058","url":null,"abstract":"Includes: Emergency oxygen therapy, home oxygen therapy, practical issues with home oxygen, long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT), ambulatory oxygen therapy (AOT), short burst oxygen therapy (SBOT)","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114138837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198703860.003.0068
S. Chapman, Grace V. Robinson, R. Shrimanker, C. Turnbull, J. Wrightson
The aim of pleurodesis is to seal visceral to parietal pleura with adhesions to prevent pleural fluid or air accumulating. Pleurodesis is dependent upon lung re-expansion following removal of pleural fluid or air, which allows the apposition of visceral and parietal pleura. This may be encouraged by applying suction to an intercostal drain. Inflammation of the pleural surfaces and local activation of coagulation, required to produce pleural fibrosis and adhesions. May be induced by chemical sclerosing agent or by mechanical pleural abrasion at VATS.
{"title":"Pleurodesis","authors":"S. Chapman, Grace V. Robinson, R. Shrimanker, C. Turnbull, J. Wrightson","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198703860.003.0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198703860.003.0068","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of pleurodesis is to seal visceral to parietal pleura with adhesions to prevent pleural fluid or air accumulating. Pleurodesis is dependent upon lung re-expansion following removal of pleural fluid or air, which allows the apposition of visceral and parietal pleura. This may be encouraged by applying suction to an intercostal drain. Inflammation of the pleural surfaces and local activation of coagulation, required to produce pleural fibrosis and adhesions. May be induced by chemical sclerosing agent or by mechanical pleural abrasion at VATS.","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115446512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0037
C. Robinson
A pneumothorax is air in the pleural space. May occur with apparently normal lungs (1° pneumothorax) or in the presence of underlying lung disease (2° pneumothorax).
气胸是胸膜腔中的空气。可能发生在明显正常的肺(1°气胸)或存在潜在肺部疾病(2°气胸)。
{"title":"Pneumothorax","authors":"C. Robinson","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0037","url":null,"abstract":"A pneumothorax is air in the pleural space. May occur with apparently normal lungs (1° pneumothorax) or in the presence of underlying lung disease (2° pneumothorax).","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124343887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0002
C. Robinson
The majority of patients with chest pain referred for a respiratory opinion have either acute pleuritic pain or persistent, well-localized pain. Within the respiratory system, pain may arise from the parietal pleura, major airways, chest wall, diaphragm, and mediastinum; the lung parenchyma and visceral pleura are insensitive to pain. Processes involving the upper parietal pleura cause a pain localized to that part of the chest. The lower parietal pleura and outer region of the diaphragmatic pleura are innervated by the lower six intercostal nerves, and pain here may be referred to the abdomen. The central region of the diaphragm is supplied by the phrenic nerve, and pain may be referred to the ipsilateral shoulder tip. Tracheobronchitis tends to be associated with retrosternal pain.
{"title":"Chest pain","authors":"C. Robinson","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of patients with chest pain referred for a respiratory opinion have either acute pleuritic pain or persistent, well-localized pain. Within the respiratory system, pain may arise from the parietal pleura, major airways, chest wall, diaphragm, and mediastinum; the lung parenchyma and visceral pleura are insensitive to pain. Processes involving the upper parietal pleura cause a pain localized to that part of the chest. The lower parietal pleura and outer region of the diaphragmatic pleura are innervated by the lower six intercostal nerves, and pain here may be referred to the abdomen. The central region of the diaphragm is supplied by the phrenic nerve, and pain may be referred to the ipsilateral shoulder tip. Tracheobronchitis tends to be associated with retrosternal pain.","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114749480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0064
S. Chapman, Grace V. Robinson, R. Shrimanker, C. Turnbull, J. Wrightson
Chest drain insertion is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and careful consideration should be given to the precise indication for drainage. Out-of-hours drain insertion should be avoided, unless an emergency. Ultrasound guidance should be used for all drains inserted for fluid, but is not required for pneumothorax.
{"title":"Chest drains","authors":"S. Chapman, Grace V. Robinson, R. Shrimanker, C. Turnbull, J. Wrightson","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198837114.003.0064","url":null,"abstract":"Chest drain insertion is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and careful consideration should be given to the precise indication for drainage. Out-of-hours drain insertion should be avoided, unless an emergency. Ultrasound guidance should be used for all drains inserted for fluid, but is not required for pneumothorax.","PeriodicalId":447884,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125550517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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