Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.21595/lger.2022.22421
A. Karimova, R. Farukhshina
The issue of utilization of excess energy of throttled natural gas is still relevant today. To solve it, various devices are used, based on such principles as on the Ranque-Hilsch vortex effect, temperature stratification using the Leontief tube, expander-generator sets and devices based on the Hartmann-Sprenger effect. One of the most common devices at gas distribution stations (gas gate station) is the turboexpander. The principle of its operation is based on the expansion of the gas flow with the performance of external mechanical work. Taking into account the increased interest in hydrogen fuel in connection with the course announced by the UN for decarbonization of production by 2050, the modern gas transmission system can become a secondary source of electricity for hydrogen production, thereby solving the problem of excess pressure energy utilization at gas distribution stations. The technological solution for using this energy is the installation of turboexpanders and electrolysis of water at gate stations in order to produce hydrogen.
{"title":"Use of gas reduction energy at a gas distribution station","authors":"A. Karimova, R. Farukhshina","doi":"10.21595/lger.2022.22421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21595/lger.2022.22421","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of utilization of excess energy of throttled natural gas is still relevant today. To solve it, various devices are used, based on such principles as on the Ranque-Hilsch vortex effect, temperature stratification using the Leontief tube, expander-generator sets and devices based on the Hartmann-Sprenger effect. One of the most common devices at gas distribution stations (gas gate station) is the turboexpander. The principle of its operation is based on the expansion of the gas flow with the performance of external mechanical work. Taking into account the increased interest in hydrogen fuel in connection with the course announced by the UN for decarbonization of production by 2050, the modern gas transmission system can become a secondary source of electricity for hydrogen production, thereby solving the problem of excess pressure energy utilization at gas distribution stations. The technological solution for using this energy is the installation of turboexpanders and electrolysis of water at gate stations in order to produce hydrogen.","PeriodicalId":448001,"journal":{"name":"Liquid and Gaseous Energy Resources","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115574284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.21595/lger.2022.22420
A. Al-Sahari, Ihsan Ul-Haq Toor
Underground pipelines used for oil, gas and water distribution in Saudi Arabia and gulf region are estimated more than 33000 km in length with a range of diameters from 8 and 80 inch. Most of these pipelines are buried in different types of corrosive soil conditions and in most cases an external coating is employed along with cathodic protection (CP). Most of the existing pipelines are over 30 years old now and this is the stage to carry out rehabilitation projects for life extension of this aging infrastructure. The selection of the suitable coating systems for the rehabilitation projects is a very complicated process as it requires in depth understanding the coating/environments interactions in that particular environment along with application challenges. This paper discusses in detail the different types of external underground pipeline coating types and their selection criteria for rehabilitation projects along with recent trends and future recommendations.
{"title":"Rehabilitation coatings-current challenges and opportunities for the future","authors":"A. Al-Sahari, Ihsan Ul-Haq Toor","doi":"10.21595/lger.2022.22420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21595/lger.2022.22420","url":null,"abstract":"Underground pipelines used for oil, gas and water distribution in Saudi Arabia and gulf region are estimated more than 33000 km in length with a range of diameters from 8 and 80 inch. Most of these pipelines are buried in different types of corrosive soil conditions and in most cases an external coating is employed along with cathodic protection (CP). Most of the existing pipelines are over 30 years old now and this is the stage to carry out rehabilitation projects for life extension of this aging infrastructure. The selection of the suitable coating systems for the rehabilitation projects is a very complicated process as it requires in depth understanding the coating/environments interactions in that particular environment along with application challenges. This paper discusses in detail the different types of external underground pipeline coating types and their selection criteria for rehabilitation projects along with recent trends and future recommendations.","PeriodicalId":448001,"journal":{"name":"Liquid and Gaseous Energy Resources","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128337776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.21595/lger.2022.22492
B. Mastobaev, R. Karimov, A. Valeev, R. Tashbulatov, A. Kolchin, E. A. Lokshina
The paper discusses topical issues and problems of water supply in scarce and arid regions of the country, including the redistribution of water flows from high-flowing Siberian rivers, which are heavily overflowing during the flood period. In particular, an overview of world experience in solving water supply problems is given, both through desalination of sea water and the use of underground sources, and through the construction of canals and main water pipelines, from futuristic ideas to projects that have already been implemented and have many years of positive operating experience. Special attention is paid to the domestic union experience, plans to turn large rivers to supply the Central Asian republics, the world’s first nuclear plants for desalination of sea water and a main water conduit to supply the Mangyshlak Peninsula. Based on the results of the analysis performed, the main disadvantages, areas, limitations and advantages of various water supply options are identified, which make it possible to draw a conclusion about the possibility of involving unclaimed capacities of main oil and gas pipelines to solve the problems of compensating for the shortage of water resources at the expense of the country's deep Siberian rivers.
{"title":"On the use of a network of trunk pipelines to compensate for the shortage of water resources at the expense of the country’s deep Siberian rivers","authors":"B. Mastobaev, R. Karimov, A. Valeev, R. Tashbulatov, A. Kolchin, E. A. Lokshina","doi":"10.21595/lger.2022.22492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21595/lger.2022.22492","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses topical issues and problems of water supply in scarce and arid regions of the country, including the redistribution of water flows from high-flowing Siberian rivers, which are heavily overflowing during the flood period. In particular, an overview of world experience in solving water supply problems is given, both through desalination of sea water and the use of underground sources, and through the construction of canals and main water pipelines, from futuristic ideas to projects that have already been implemented and have many years of positive operating experience. Special attention is paid to the domestic union experience, plans to turn large rivers to supply the Central Asian republics, the world’s first nuclear plants for desalination of sea water and a main water conduit to supply the Mangyshlak Peninsula. Based on the results of the analysis performed, the main disadvantages, areas, limitations and advantages of various water supply options are identified, which make it possible to draw a conclusion about the possibility of involving unclaimed capacities of main oil and gas pipelines to solve the problems of compensating for the shortage of water resources at the expense of the country's deep Siberian rivers.","PeriodicalId":448001,"journal":{"name":"Liquid and Gaseous Energy Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132474078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.21595/lger.2021.22163
C. Pany
The strain comparison of a pressure vessel made of HSLA 15CDV6 in a cylindrical shell membrane region in a pressure test is discussed in this paper. Non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) of thin-walled cylindrical pressure vessels has been carried out using ANSYS. Hoop strain obtained from FEA is not compared well with the pressure test data at the membrane location of the cylindrical shell where the strain gauge is mounted. So to explain the reasons for the difference in strains at the membrane region, the profile of the cylindrical shell at strain gauge region has been measured. The 3D FEA of the cylindrical region with the measured profile is performed. It is found that with measured profile the FEA is giving the strain close to measured strain in the hoop direction. This leads to the increase in strain and stress as having been demonstrated through mathematical modeling in the deviated profiles variations of cylindrical shells. Therefore, the stresses in the deviated region are greater than those that would exist in an undeviated cylindrical shell, which reduces the margin of safety with respect to the yield strength of the material and causes stress concentration. The details of the stress analysis carried out including the effect of measured 3D profile variation are discussed in this paper.
{"title":"Cylindrical shell pressure vessel profile variation footprint in strain comparison of test data with numerical analysis","authors":"C. Pany","doi":"10.21595/lger.2021.22163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21595/lger.2021.22163","url":null,"abstract":"The strain comparison of a pressure vessel made of HSLA 15CDV6 in a cylindrical shell membrane region in a pressure test is discussed in this paper. Non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) of thin-walled cylindrical pressure vessels has been carried out using ANSYS. Hoop strain obtained from FEA is not compared well with the pressure test data at the membrane location of the cylindrical shell where the strain gauge is mounted. So to explain the reasons for the difference in strains at the membrane region, the profile of the cylindrical shell at strain gauge region has been measured. The 3D FEA of the cylindrical region with the measured profile is performed. It is found that with measured profile the FEA is giving the strain close to measured strain in the hoop direction. This leads to the increase in strain and stress as having been demonstrated through mathematical modeling in the deviated profiles variations of cylindrical shells. Therefore, the stresses in the deviated region are greater than those that would exist in an undeviated cylindrical shell, which reduces the margin of safety with respect to the yield strength of the material and causes stress concentration. The details of the stress analysis carried out including the effect of measured 3D profile variation are discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":448001,"journal":{"name":"Liquid and Gaseous Energy Resources","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126365410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-27DOI: 10.24887/0028-2448-2021-4-124-127
S. G. Bazhaykin, E. F. Denisov, M. Z. Yamilev, E. A. Tigulev, N. A. Atroscshenko, N. A. Lisovskiy
. The article provides а retrospective analysis of the emergence of prerequisites for the creation of designs of universal pumping units: from the first patents registered in the 1940s to modern technical solutions used at industrial facilities. The possibility of industrial application in the oil industry of fundamentally new types of vane pumps with а combined design of the impeller and rotor or the electric motor, which received а recent impetus to their spread with the development of electric motor technologies, is considered. The fundamental difference between these types or pump is the transmission of the torque to the impeller not through the shaft. but through the rim or the wheel, which is also the rotor of the eclectic motor. The absence or а shaft provides а number of advantages, in particular, it leads to an increase in suction capacity, an increase in pressure characteristics and an increase in operational properties – all this together increases the scope or industrial application of new types or pumps. One of the potential applications of а compact pump of the horizontal type can be the rocking to а frozen oil pipeline by tapping the coil at special points of the pipeline route. From the point of view to transporting high-velocity oil, the design of this type also looks promising; in addition, the possibly of influencing the transported medium by an electromagnetic field is noted. The possibility or using removable impellers of various types for а hollow pump-electric motor is considered, which can significantly increase the scope or application of new types of pumps.
{"title":"Application of combined vane pumps-electric motors with rim transmission of the torque to the impeller","authors":"S. G. Bazhaykin, E. F. Denisov, M. Z. Yamilev, E. A. Tigulev, N. A. Atroscshenko, N. A. Lisovskiy","doi":"10.24887/0028-2448-2021-4-124-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24887/0028-2448-2021-4-124-127","url":null,"abstract":". The article provides а retrospective analysis of the emergence of prerequisites for the creation of designs of universal pumping units: from the first patents registered in the 1940s to modern technical solutions used at industrial facilities. The possibility of industrial application in the oil industry of fundamentally new types of vane pumps with а combined design of the impeller and rotor or the electric motor, which received а recent impetus to their spread with the development of electric motor technologies, is considered. The fundamental difference between these types or pump is the transmission of the torque to the impeller not through the shaft. but through the rim or the wheel, which is also the rotor of the eclectic motor. The absence or а shaft provides а number of advantages, in particular, it leads to an increase in suction capacity, an increase in pressure characteristics and an increase in operational properties – all this together increases the scope or industrial application of new types or pumps. One of the potential applications of а compact pump of the horizontal type can be the rocking to а frozen oil pipeline by tapping the coil at special points of the pipeline route. From the point of view to transporting high-velocity oil, the design of this type also looks promising; in addition, the possibly of influencing the transported medium by an electromagnetic field is noted. The possibility or using removable impellers of various types for а hollow pump-electric motor is considered, which can significantly increase the scope or application of new types of pumps.","PeriodicalId":448001,"journal":{"name":"Liquid and Gaseous Energy Resources","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132243538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-26DOI: 10.21595/lger.2021.22263
N. Darsalia, S. Kitaev, V. Muratova, R. Farukhshina
Natural gas produced in the Russian Federation is transported through main gas pipelines united into the Unified Gas Supply System of the Russian Federation. The system of main gas pipelines the most important link in the unified gas supply system – is a large, complex and continuously developing technological system. Maximum internal pressure is one of the key characteristics for any pipeline. This indicator helps to set the limit for the capacity of the pipeline (maximum volume of pumped gas per unit of time), its level of reliability, as well as the level of hazard and potential risk (the higher the pressure inside the pipeline, the more potential threat it carries). In order to increase the reliability of determining the pressure in the gas pipeline, it is proposed to perform noise suppression using a wavelet transform in the work. Noise reduction in the wavelet transform is carried out due to the fact that the signal is decomposed into approximating and detailing coefficients. After removing the detailing component, the decomposition is restored and the output is a slightly distorted signal. Thus, when you remove an insignificant part of the original signal, the graphs of the change in values become more visual. This paper compares the efficiency of wavelet based thresholding techniques in the presence of noise for various wavelet family. For comparison, the trend processing was performed by two types of wavelets recommended for noise reduction Symlet and Daubechies wavelets.
{"title":"Development of a method for noise suppression of a signal from pressure sensors on main gas pipelines using wavelet transformation","authors":"N. Darsalia, S. Kitaev, V. Muratova, R. Farukhshina","doi":"10.21595/lger.2021.22263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21595/lger.2021.22263","url":null,"abstract":"Natural gas produced in the Russian Federation is transported through main gas pipelines united into the Unified Gas Supply System of the Russian Federation. The system of main gas pipelines the most important link in the unified gas supply system – is a large, complex and continuously developing technological system. Maximum internal pressure is one of the key characteristics for any pipeline. This indicator helps to set the limit for the capacity of the pipeline (maximum volume of pumped gas per unit of time), its level of reliability, as well as the level of hazard and potential risk (the higher the pressure inside the pipeline, the more potential threat it carries). In order to increase the reliability of determining the pressure in the gas pipeline, it is proposed to perform noise suppression using a wavelet transform in the work. Noise reduction in the wavelet transform is carried out due to the fact that the signal is decomposed into approximating and detailing coefficients. After removing the detailing component, the decomposition is restored and the output is a slightly distorted signal. Thus, when you remove an insignificant part of the original signal, the graphs of the change in values become more visual. This paper compares the efficiency of wavelet based thresholding techniques in the presence of noise for various wavelet family. For comparison, the trend processing was performed by two types of wavelets recommended for noise reduction Symlet and Daubechies wavelets.","PeriodicalId":448001,"journal":{"name":"Liquid and Gaseous Energy Resources","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116728075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-06DOI: 10.21595/lger.2021.22076
A. Sagadeeva, A. Valeev
The article presents researches of ferromagnetic additives that can reduce the internal roughness of the pipeline, thereby reducing the hydraulic resistance. A setup has been developed for conducting experiments to determine the effectiveness of ferromagnetic additives. The results of experiments are presented, which showed that the additives allow increasing the volumetric flow rate of the pumped medium.
{"title":"The application of ferromagnetic additives to increase the hydraulic efficiency of main oil pipelines","authors":"A. Sagadeeva, A. Valeev","doi":"10.21595/lger.2021.22076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21595/lger.2021.22076","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents researches of ferromagnetic additives that can reduce the internal roughness of the pipeline, thereby reducing the hydraulic resistance. A setup has been developed for conducting experiments to determine the effectiveness of ferromagnetic additives. The results of experiments are presented, which showed that the additives allow increasing the volumetric flow rate of the pumped medium.","PeriodicalId":448001,"journal":{"name":"Liquid and Gaseous Energy Resources","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116801931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-21DOI: 10.21595/lger.2021.22004
C. Langbauer, Patrick D. Eisner, R. Fruhwirth
An advanced dynamic finite element model is presented that diagnoses the downhole pump performance of sucker rod pumping systems, applicable for any pumping conditions and equipment used. The results are compared to downhole measurements and other evaluation techniques. Buckling is an undesirable phenomenon occurring in sucker rod pumping. It essentially depends on the plunger load, which is a function of time and typically not measured but evaluated by diagnostic tools. Existing diagnostic tools exhibit specific limitations that reduce their applicability and output quality. This paper introduces a diagnostic tool, which can predict the rod string's stress field and its movement not only at the pump plunger but all along the rod string. Moreover, this tool can account for the interaction between rod guides and tubing as well as rod string and tubing. To this end, innovative tube-to-tube contact modeling is applied. The high precision results are accomplished by running a dynamic finite element simulation. The basic principle is to evaluate the plunger load incrementally by consecutively applying restarts of each time step, fully automated and computation time optimized. This publication shows that both the plunger load and the rod string’s dynamic behavior can be determined for any given wellbore as long as the borehole trajectory and surface dynamometer measurements are known. The dynamic finite element model is evaluated for a deviated system and a vertical system equipped with two different downhole pump types. Comparing the simulation results with the available downhole measurements and the analytical solution shows an excellent match, whereas the proposed solution provides a considerable amount of details about the overall system’s behavior. The evaluation has shown that the performance of standard and novel downhole pump types can be successfully diagnosed in detail, which is just possible under limitations with commercial software solutions. This tool can correctly predict whether or not the sucker rod string is subjected to buckling during the downstroke, which has a considerable effect on increasing the mean time between failures of a sucker rod pumping system. From the economic point of view, this means that the economic limit of a wellbore can be postponed. The novelty of the shown technique is the consideration of the full 3D trajectory and the implementation of only physical properties, result in an excellent accuracy of the output.
{"title":"Sucker rod pump downhole dynamometer card determination based on a novel finite element method","authors":"C. Langbauer, Patrick D. Eisner, R. Fruhwirth","doi":"10.21595/lger.2021.22004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21595/lger.2021.22004","url":null,"abstract":"An advanced dynamic finite element model is presented that diagnoses the downhole pump performance of sucker rod pumping systems, applicable for any pumping conditions and equipment used. The results are compared to downhole measurements and other evaluation techniques. Buckling is an undesirable phenomenon occurring in sucker rod pumping. It essentially depends on the plunger load, which is a function of time and typically not measured but evaluated by diagnostic tools. Existing diagnostic tools exhibit specific limitations that reduce their applicability and output quality. This paper introduces a diagnostic tool, which can predict the rod string's stress field and its movement not only at the pump plunger but all along the rod string. Moreover, this tool can account for the interaction between rod guides and tubing as well as rod string and tubing. To this end, innovative tube-to-tube contact modeling is applied. The high precision results are accomplished by running a dynamic finite element simulation. The basic principle is to evaluate the plunger load incrementally by consecutively applying restarts of each time step, fully automated and computation time optimized. This publication shows that both the plunger load and the rod string’s dynamic behavior can be determined for any given wellbore as long as the borehole trajectory and surface dynamometer measurements are known. The dynamic finite element model is evaluated for a deviated system and a vertical system equipped with two different downhole pump types. Comparing the simulation results with the available downhole measurements and the analytical solution shows an excellent match, whereas the proposed solution provides a considerable amount of details about the overall system’s behavior. The evaluation has shown that the performance of standard and novel downhole pump types can be successfully diagnosed in detail, which is just possible under limitations with commercial software solutions. This tool can correctly predict whether or not the sucker rod string is subjected to buckling during the downstroke, which has a considerable effect on increasing the mean time between failures of a sucker rod pumping system. From the economic point of view, this means that the economic limit of a wellbore can be postponed. The novelty of the shown technique is the consideration of the full 3D trajectory and the implementation of only physical properties, result in an excellent accuracy of the output.","PeriodicalId":448001,"journal":{"name":"Liquid and Gaseous Energy Resources","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121438675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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