P. Kapalo, F. Domniţa, C. Bacotiu, H. Albu, M. Chvatal
Abstract In order to design a ventilation system based on the volumetric airflow rate, which will ensure satisfactory indoor air quality and, at the same time, do not oversize the system, it is necessary to know the quantities of pollutants emissions. The concentration of produced pollutants allows the calculation of the required fresh air volumetric flow rate. Two previous published studies are analysed in this article, whose results complement each other. From the calculated values, the graphical dependence between the required fresh air volumetric flow rate and the level of physical activity was developed. It was noticed that, according to the Slovak and Romanian legislation, for the studied gym, there is insufficient air ventilation. At an allowed maximum CO2 concentration level of 1,000 ppm, the required fresh air volumetric flow rate, according to legislative requirements, will ensure a percentage of only 75.59% to 23.25% of the necessary rate (depending of the type of physical activity). For a lower allowed maximum CO2 concentration level, the ensured fresh air volumetric flow rate will be even smaller. The aim of the article is to contribute to the development of healthy environments in fitness centres and gyms and to optimize the design requirements for their ventilation systems.
{"title":"How Much Air is Needed to Ventilate the Gym? – Case Study","authors":"P. Kapalo, F. Domniţa, C. Bacotiu, H. Albu, M. Chvatal","doi":"10.2478/jaes-2023-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2023-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In order to design a ventilation system based on the volumetric airflow rate, which will ensure satisfactory indoor air quality and, at the same time, do not oversize the system, it is necessary to know the quantities of pollutants emissions. The concentration of produced pollutants allows the calculation of the required fresh air volumetric flow rate. Two previous published studies are analysed in this article, whose results complement each other. From the calculated values, the graphical dependence between the required fresh air volumetric flow rate and the level of physical activity was developed. It was noticed that, according to the Slovak and Romanian legislation, for the studied gym, there is insufficient air ventilation. At an allowed maximum CO2 concentration level of 1,000 ppm, the required fresh air volumetric flow rate, according to legislative requirements, will ensure a percentage of only 75.59% to 23.25% of the necessary rate (depending of the type of physical activity). For a lower allowed maximum CO2 concentration level, the ensured fresh air volumetric flow rate will be even smaller. The aim of the article is to contribute to the development of healthy environments in fitness centres and gyms and to optimize the design requirements for their ventilation systems.","PeriodicalId":44808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138610614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Dithurson, C. Daniel, S. Vivekananda Sharma, G. Hemalatha, Shalini R. Nair, A. Arun Solomon
Abstract The ability of energy dissipation from earthquake force in a controlled and iterative manner will play a vital role in maintaining structural reliability for various forces. High force-to-volume (HF2V) extrusion damper is a promising technology with simple designs, high damping force and achieving design requirements. This paper develops HF2V extrusion damper with multiple toothing configuration for seismic application. The experimental verification has been undertaken on lead extrusion dampers with various frequency range of 0.5 to 2 Hz. The maximum load-carrying capacity is 10.48 kN with strokes up to 5mm are observed with hysteresis loop with some recentering capability has a stiffness value up to 2*106 N/m, and force levels up to 2-10 kN. The maximum load carrying capacity for time history loading for Northridge earthquake is 11.57 kN. The overall findings suggest that silicone sealant may be employed to build and characterize extrusion dampers with maximum energy dissipation and high force/volume interactions. The suggested device may be a potentially effective way to provide additional energy dissipation to structures in seismic zones, according to the mechanical characteristics to the frequency. Additionally, the system can withstand for earthquake time histories, and ensuring maintenance-free operation even in the midst of frequent ground vibration.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of High-Force-To-Volume Extrusion Damper Subjected to Cyclic and Time History Loading","authors":"T. Dithurson, C. Daniel, S. Vivekananda Sharma, G. Hemalatha, Shalini R. Nair, A. Arun Solomon","doi":"10.2478/jaes-2023-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2023-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The ability of energy dissipation from earthquake force in a controlled and iterative manner will play a vital role in maintaining structural reliability for various forces. High force-to-volume (HF2V) extrusion damper is a promising technology with simple designs, high damping force and achieving design requirements. This paper develops HF2V extrusion damper with multiple toothing configuration for seismic application. The experimental verification has been undertaken on lead extrusion dampers with various frequency range of 0.5 to 2 Hz. The maximum load-carrying capacity is 10.48 kN with strokes up to 5mm are observed with hysteresis loop with some recentering capability has a stiffness value up to 2*106 N/m, and force levels up to 2-10 kN. The maximum load carrying capacity for time history loading for Northridge earthquake is 11.57 kN. The overall findings suggest that silicone sealant may be employed to build and characterize extrusion dampers with maximum energy dissipation and high force/volume interactions. The suggested device may be a potentially effective way to provide additional energy dissipation to structures in seismic zones, according to the mechanical characteristics to the frequency. Additionally, the system can withstand for earthquake time histories, and ensuring maintenance-free operation even in the midst of frequent ground vibration.","PeriodicalId":44808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138608835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The method of modeling and simulating different phenomena in various fields of scientific knowledge is an essential part of many branches of science, each of which has specific types of models. Using mathematical methods, these models try to simulate a real situation by means of numerical analysis that describes the relationships between the characteristic quantities of air pollution phenomena, such as emissions, meteorology atmospheric concentrations of pollutants, deposition, and other factors. Air and water pollution measurements give information about the environmental concentrations of pollutants scattered by different sources but can only describe the phenomena involved qualitatively, at specific locations and times, without identifying the causes that lead to pollution problems. However, models of air and groundwater pollution can provide a deterministic description of the problems of air or water quality, including an analysis of the factors and causes of the pollution phenomenon (emission sources, meteorological processes and chemical and physical changes), and some guidance for implementing measures to mitigate these phenomena of environmental pollution. Due to the ability of these methods to establish the relative importance of relevant processes, they play an important role in current day science.
{"title":"Atmospheric Pollutant Dispersion Modeling Methods","authors":"G. Ionescu, Gh.C. Ionescu","doi":"10.2478/jaes-2023-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2023-0038","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The method of modeling and simulating different phenomena in various fields of scientific knowledge is an essential part of many branches of science, each of which has specific types of models. Using mathematical methods, these models try to simulate a real situation by means of numerical analysis that describes the relationships between the characteristic quantities of air pollution phenomena, such as emissions, meteorology atmospheric concentrations of pollutants, deposition, and other factors. Air and water pollution measurements give information about the environmental concentrations of pollutants scattered by different sources but can only describe the phenomena involved qualitatively, at specific locations and times, without identifying the causes that lead to pollution problems. However, models of air and groundwater pollution can provide a deterministic description of the problems of air or water quality, including an analysis of the factors and causes of the pollution phenomenon (emission sources, meteorological processes and chemical and physical changes), and some guidance for implementing measures to mitigate these phenomena of environmental pollution. Due to the ability of these methods to establish the relative importance of relevant processes, they play an important role in current day science.","PeriodicalId":44808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138609569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We are going through a time when environmental, economic and social concerns, intensely amplified by climate change, by the depletion of resources, are growing. In this context, setting targets such as reducing energy consumption in the buildings sector, energy efficiency, and the use of renewable energies are becoming a priority, both at national and international level. Improving the energy efficiency of the existing building stock is important, not only for achieving national medium-term energy efficiency targets, but also for meeting the long-term objectives of the strategy on climate change and the transition to a competitive low-carbon economy by 2050 (https://energy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2014-11/2014_article4_ro_romania_0.pdf). Currently, the building is considered as a structure in a continuous evolution, which in time through maintenance, rehabilitation and modernization works will meet the requirements expressed by the user. The case study presented in the paper presents an analysis from the point of view of improving the energy efficiency, reducing the energy requirement in a building using passive energy-saving measures, that is, the additional thermal insulation of an element of the building envelope. The materials selected for this research are: expanded polystyrene, basaltic mineral wool and cellulose fibres.
{"title":"Improving Energy Efficiency in a Building Using Passive Energy-Saving Measures","authors":"Simona Stanca","doi":"10.2478/jaes-2023-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2023-0034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We are going through a time when environmental, economic and social concerns, intensely amplified by climate change, by the depletion of resources, are growing. In this context, setting targets such as reducing energy consumption in the buildings sector, energy efficiency, and the use of renewable energies are becoming a priority, both at national and international level. Improving the energy efficiency of the existing building stock is important, not only for achieving national medium-term energy efficiency targets, but also for meeting the long-term objectives of the strategy on climate change and the transition to a competitive low-carbon economy by 2050 (https://energy.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2014-11/2014_article4_ro_romania_0.pdf). Currently, the building is considered as a structure in a continuous evolution, which in time through maintenance, rehabilitation and modernization works will meet the requirements expressed by the user. The case study presented in the paper presents an analysis from the point of view of improving the energy efficiency, reducing the energy requirement in a building using passive energy-saving measures, that is, the additional thermal insulation of an element of the building envelope. The materials selected for this research are: expanded polystyrene, basaltic mineral wool and cellulose fibres.","PeriodicalId":44808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138616830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Todea, D. Dan, S. Floruț, V. Stoian, V.Ș. Popescu
Abstract The lateral resisting system comprised of hybrid shear walls is often met nowadays for high rise buildings, to reduce the lateral displacements of the building during a seismic event and to limit the damages of non-structural elements. In fact, “hybrid shear walls” term will replace the old terminology used for composite steel concrete shear walls. This structural system develops a very stable seismic behavior under cyclic lateral loads, but the seismic performance of the system could be significantly changed by the openings required for architectural or functional reasons. This paper presents in detail the seismic behavior of a composite steel-concrete shear wall designed with centered openings and partially embedded steel profiles in the edges. The composite wall was subjected to vertical and horizontal loads and tested to full failure using a cyclic loading testing procedure that simulated the action of an earthquake, aiming to record the seismic performance of the wall in terms of bearing capacity, deformation capacity, failure mode and stiffness degradation. The low-dissipative behavior recorded experimentally of the tested specimen was afterward validated and assessed in detail by performing numerical analyses using ATENA 3D Engineering software. The numerical results were extended to investigate furthermore other structural solutions to increase the bearing capacity and the seismic performance of the wall. It was found that a significant increase in deformation capacity could be obtained if the wall coupling beams are reinforced by diagonal steel bars or additional steel plates.
{"title":"Numerical Study on the Seismic Performance of Hybrid Shear Walls with Centered Openings","authors":"V. Todea, D. Dan, S. Floruț, V. Stoian, V.Ș. Popescu","doi":"10.2478/jaes-2023-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2023-0036","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The lateral resisting system comprised of hybrid shear walls is often met nowadays for high rise buildings, to reduce the lateral displacements of the building during a seismic event and to limit the damages of non-structural elements. In fact, “hybrid shear walls” term will replace the old terminology used for composite steel concrete shear walls. This structural system develops a very stable seismic behavior under cyclic lateral loads, but the seismic performance of the system could be significantly changed by the openings required for architectural or functional reasons. This paper presents in detail the seismic behavior of a composite steel-concrete shear wall designed with centered openings and partially embedded steel profiles in the edges. The composite wall was subjected to vertical and horizontal loads and tested to full failure using a cyclic loading testing procedure that simulated the action of an earthquake, aiming to record the seismic performance of the wall in terms of bearing capacity, deformation capacity, failure mode and stiffness degradation. The low-dissipative behavior recorded experimentally of the tested specimen was afterward validated and assessed in detail by performing numerical analyses using ATENA 3D Engineering software. The numerical results were extended to investigate furthermore other structural solutions to increase the bearing capacity and the seismic performance of the wall. It was found that a significant increase in deformation capacity could be obtained if the wall coupling beams are reinforced by diagonal steel bars or additional steel plates.","PeriodicalId":44808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper studies the behaviour of historical cantilevered stone staircases. In Transylvania these types of stairs are found mainly in buildings classified as historical monuments built until the 1920s. Understanding the behaviour of historical staircases is essential when proposing consolidation or restoration interventions in buildings. In this work, structural analyses on simple models of staircases made of stone elements are proposed in order to investigate the stiffness of the assembly, the stresses that appear in the elements, deformations, the influence of the railings in the overall behaviour and the simulation of the breaking of a single individual step. The types of staircases investigated in this paper are existing historical structures that currently are no longer built from scratch, so the purpose of the calculation is not to dimension but to verify the existing structure.
{"title":"Structural Analysis of Historical Cantilevered Stone Staircases","authors":"Sz. Hadi, A.-S. Kis","doi":"10.2478/jaes-2023-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2023-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper studies the behaviour of historical cantilevered stone staircases. In Transylvania these types of stairs are found mainly in buildings classified as historical monuments built until the 1920s. Understanding the behaviour of historical staircases is essential when proposing consolidation or restoration interventions in buildings. In this work, structural analyses on simple models of staircases made of stone elements are proposed in order to investigate the stiffness of the assembly, the stresses that appear in the elements, deformations, the influence of the railings in the overall behaviour and the simulation of the breaking of a single individual step. The types of staircases investigated in this paper are existing historical structures that currently are no longer built from scratch, so the purpose of the calculation is not to dimension but to verify the existing structure.","PeriodicalId":44808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138609450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Jawad, M. Muzffar Iqbal, M. Latif, Gul-e-Zahra Azhar, M. Adil Sultan, S. Naveed
Abstract A recently created cementing substance noted for its remarkable qualities is reactive powder concrete (RPC). It incorporates fine quartz sand, crushed quartz, silica fume, a low water-to-cement ratio, and a high percentage of Portland cement. In RPC, fine quartz sand completely takes the role of coarse aggregate. This study examines the effects of high-temperature curing on RPC strength while concentrating on the manufacture of RPC in Pakistan using locally accessible materials. In specifically, a compressive strength of more than 142 MPa is one of the desirable hard qualities that must be attained as the main goal. The study uses a variety of test mixtures and curing methods, including heat curing. The major emphasis is on mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split cylinder strength, and flexural strength. The study also investigates how the mechanical properties of RPC are affected by various steel fiber concentrations and curing conditions. With varying quantities of steel fiber and silica fume, more than 100 experimental mixtures are created. In comparison to silica fume levels, which range between 25% and 35% by weight of cement, steel fiber concentrations range from 0% to 3% by total volume. The results demonstrate the effects of curing at 60°C, 70°C, and 90°C. Notably, after 28 days of curing at 90°C, a compressive strength of 142 MPa is attained, suggesting a general rise in compressive strength across all curing methods with curing age.
{"title":"Optimizing Local Resources in Pakistan to Produce High-Strength Reactive Powder Concrete","authors":"M. Jawad, M. Muzffar Iqbal, M. Latif, Gul-e-Zahra Azhar, M. Adil Sultan, S. Naveed","doi":"10.2478/jaes-2023-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2023-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A recently created cementing substance noted for its remarkable qualities is reactive powder concrete (RPC). It incorporates fine quartz sand, crushed quartz, silica fume, a low water-to-cement ratio, and a high percentage of Portland cement. In RPC, fine quartz sand completely takes the role of coarse aggregate. This study examines the effects of high-temperature curing on RPC strength while concentrating on the manufacture of RPC in Pakistan using locally accessible materials. In specifically, a compressive strength of more than 142 MPa is one of the desirable hard qualities that must be attained as the main goal. The study uses a variety of test mixtures and curing methods, including heat curing. The major emphasis is on mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split cylinder strength, and flexural strength. The study also investigates how the mechanical properties of RPC are affected by various steel fiber concentrations and curing conditions. With varying quantities of steel fiber and silica fume, more than 100 experimental mixtures are created. In comparison to silica fume levels, which range between 25% and 35% by weight of cement, steel fiber concentrations range from 0% to 3% by total volume. The results demonstrate the effects of curing at 60°C, 70°C, and 90°C. Notably, after 28 days of curing at 90°C, a compressive strength of 142 MPa is attained, suggesting a general rise in compressive strength across all curing methods with curing age.","PeriodicalId":44808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138609652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Humaira Kanwal, M. Adil, Naushaba Azhar, N. Amin, M. Faisal Rehman, A. Javed, A. R. Awan, M. Tahir, Sadia Mughal, M. Asim
Abstract Concrete is the mostly used construction material composed of a mixture of cement, water, aggregates (such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone), and often additional additives or admixtures. It is widely used in the construction industry for various applications due to its strength, durability, and versatility. Key characteristics of concrete include strength, durability, versatility, fire resistant, cost effective, weather resistant, insulation and decorative options. Concrete plays a vital role in the construction industry, providing the foundation for most buildings, infrastructure, and many other structures worldwide. Its composition and properties can be tailored to meet specific project requirements, making it an indispensable material in modern construction. Various fibers can be used to enhance the mechanical and bonding properties of concrete. Also waste fibers after recycling can be reduced the environmental burden. Keeping in this view, glass powder sodium silicate glass (SSG) is used as replacement of cement with different percentages 0%,4%,8%, and 12% in combination of xanthan gum 0.2% for all mixes. An experimental study is conducted to investigate the mechanical and durability properties of concrete by performing compression test, flexural test, alkali silica reactivity test, sulfate resistivity test and drying shrinkage test. For this, forty-eight concrete cylinders are prepared for compression test, forty-eight concrete prisms for flexural test and thirty-six mortar bars of four mixes are prepared for durability testing. Workability is checked of fresh concrete during the pouring of concrete cylinders. Poured cylinders’ samples are left for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of curing. Different tests are performed on hardened concrete and mortar samples to evaluate the mechanical and durability properties. Results concluded that workability of four mixes lies between 60-80mm and compressive strength of concrete has been improved using glass powder (SSG). Optimum results have been achieved at 12% as compared to other mixes 4% and 8% of concrete samples. Fibrous material is used as a binding agent and fibrous concrete is suitable for humid environment where high strength and voids less concrete are required. Quantity of cement can be reduced by using different fibers as a replacement of cement. Research recommended that recycled glass powder can be used in concrete as construction material and 12% replacement is suitable for optimum results.
{"title":"Improvement in Long Term Bonding and Mechanical Performance by Using Glass Concrete in Combination with Xanthan Gum Exposed to Harsh Environment","authors":"Humaira Kanwal, M. Adil, Naushaba Azhar, N. Amin, M. Faisal Rehman, A. Javed, A. R. Awan, M. Tahir, Sadia Mughal, M. Asim","doi":"10.2478/jaes-2023-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2023-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Concrete is the mostly used construction material composed of a mixture of cement, water, aggregates (such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone), and often additional additives or admixtures. It is widely used in the construction industry for various applications due to its strength, durability, and versatility. Key characteristics of concrete include strength, durability, versatility, fire resistant, cost effective, weather resistant, insulation and decorative options. Concrete plays a vital role in the construction industry, providing the foundation for most buildings, infrastructure, and many other structures worldwide. Its composition and properties can be tailored to meet specific project requirements, making it an indispensable material in modern construction. Various fibers can be used to enhance the mechanical and bonding properties of concrete. Also waste fibers after recycling can be reduced the environmental burden. Keeping in this view, glass powder sodium silicate glass (SSG) is used as replacement of cement with different percentages 0%,4%,8%, and 12% in combination of xanthan gum 0.2% for all mixes. An experimental study is conducted to investigate the mechanical and durability properties of concrete by performing compression test, flexural test, alkali silica reactivity test, sulfate resistivity test and drying shrinkage test. For this, forty-eight concrete cylinders are prepared for compression test, forty-eight concrete prisms for flexural test and thirty-six mortar bars of four mixes are prepared for durability testing. Workability is checked of fresh concrete during the pouring of concrete cylinders. Poured cylinders’ samples are left for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of curing. Different tests are performed on hardened concrete and mortar samples to evaluate the mechanical and durability properties. Results concluded that workability of four mixes lies between 60-80mm and compressive strength of concrete has been improved using glass powder (SSG). Optimum results have been achieved at 12% as compared to other mixes 4% and 8% of concrete samples. Fibrous material is used as a binding agent and fibrous concrete is suitable for humid environment where high strength and voids less concrete are required. Quantity of cement can be reduced by using different fibers as a replacement of cement. Research recommended that recycled glass powder can be used in concrete as construction material and 12% replacement is suitable for optimum results.","PeriodicalId":44808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138611424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Khouadjia, S. Bensalem, A. Belkadi, O. Kessal, M.A. Sebti
Abstract The recycling of waste in civil engineering is important as long as it reduces costs and protects the environment. In several countries of the world, different wastes have been used to replace cement or aggregates, such as mineral admixtures, powders and fibers. The aim of this work is to study the influence of fibers from factories and lathing workshops on concrete slump, compressive strength and 3-point flexural strength. The tests have been carried out on concretes containing different types of fibers: stretched steel fibers, fine steel fibers, looped steel fibers and looped aluminium fibers, in proportions varying from 1% to 3% by weight of aggregate. The results show that the behaviour of the concrete in the fresh and hardened state is different depending on the fiber type and content. Fiber distribution analysis was carried out to support the discussion of the results using Gwyddion software.
{"title":"Influence of the Shape and Content of Steel and Aluminum Fibers from Industrial Lathe Wastes on the Physico-Mechanical and Rheological Behavior of Concrete","authors":"M. Khouadjia, S. Bensalem, A. Belkadi, O. Kessal, M.A. Sebti","doi":"10.2478/jaes-2023-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2023-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The recycling of waste in civil engineering is important as long as it reduces costs and protects the environment. In several countries of the world, different wastes have been used to replace cement or aggregates, such as mineral admixtures, powders and fibers. The aim of this work is to study the influence of fibers from factories and lathing workshops on concrete slump, compressive strength and 3-point flexural strength. The tests have been carried out on concretes containing different types of fibers: stretched steel fibers, fine steel fibers, looped steel fibers and looped aluminium fibers, in proportions varying from 1% to 3% by weight of aggregate. The results show that the behaviour of the concrete in the fresh and hardened state is different depending on the fiber type and content. Fiber distribution analysis was carried out to support the discussion of the results using Gwyddion software.","PeriodicalId":44808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138613859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of curing method on the compressive strength of waste glass powder as a supplementary cementitious material. This work presents an experimental study on the physico-mechanical characterization of waste glass powder (GP) as partial replacement of special cement (Algerian cement without additions CPA) based high performance cementitious material, varying the percentage of GP by 10%, 20% and 30% (by weight of cement), the curing methods: water curing at 20± 2 °C and heat curing by under accelerated drying in an oven at 100 °C (stoving). Half of the mortar samples 40x40x160 mm were treated with stoving just after demolding then kept in the open air, the other half was kept in fresh water in order to evaluate their sustainability and index of Poozolanic Activity (I) at different ages: 7, 28, 90 and 365 days. The compressive strength results showed that there is an increase in compressive strength with the increase in age of the two curing methods but the strength of all mixtures which have been stoved is inferior to those of the same mixtures preserved in fresh water at different ages. The best rate of replacement of the cement by GP is 20% following the results obtained for the compressive strength and Poozolanic Activity Index I.
{"title":"Effect of Special Cement CPA on the Characteristic Properties of Cementitious Materials Based Waste Glass Powder: Poozolanic Activity and Heat Treatment","authors":"B. Aissat-Arab, R. Mehaddene, Y. Boucheneb","doi":"10.2478/jaes-2023-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2023-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of curing method on the compressive strength of waste glass powder as a supplementary cementitious material. This work presents an experimental study on the physico-mechanical characterization of waste glass powder (GP) as partial replacement of special cement (Algerian cement without additions CPA) based high performance cementitious material, varying the percentage of GP by 10%, 20% and 30% (by weight of cement), the curing methods: water curing at 20± 2 °C and heat curing by under accelerated drying in an oven at 100 °C (stoving). Half of the mortar samples 40x40x160 mm were treated with stoving just after demolding then kept in the open air, the other half was kept in fresh water in order to evaluate their sustainability and index of Poozolanic Activity (I) at different ages: 7, 28, 90 and 365 days. The compressive strength results showed that there is an increase in compressive strength with the increase in age of the two curing methods but the strength of all mixtures which have been stoved is inferior to those of the same mixtures preserved in fresh water at different ages. The best rate of replacement of the cement by GP is 20% following the results obtained for the compressive strength and Poozolanic Activity Index I.","PeriodicalId":44808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138627553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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