It is pointed out that the US Navy appears to be ready to initiate the development of an optical communication system between satellites and submarines. This system will operate in the blue/green region of the spectrum. A great deal of the pat work has been to develop the critical components that will allow operations through clouds and water to submarines at depth, and to determine some of the key environment quantities that will be encountered. The author shows how the theoretical efforts in the area of optical communications must be merged with the practical limitations that will occur under operational conditions. He goes through a sample design of such a system, taking into account the theory, the components, the environment, and sample requirements. It is noted that direct detection communications are the most desirable in the atmospheric and marine optical scatter channels.<>
{"title":"Design considerations of a submarine laser communications system","authors":"L. Stotts","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1992.267866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1992.267866","url":null,"abstract":"It is pointed out that the US Navy appears to be ready to initiate the development of an optical communication system between satellites and submarines. This system will operate in the blue/green region of the spectrum. A great deal of the pat work has been to develop the critical components that will allow operations through clouds and water to submarines at depth, and to determine some of the key environment quantities that will be encountered. The author shows how the theoretical efforts in the area of optical communications must be merged with the practical limitations that will occur under operational conditions. He goes through a sample design of such a system, taking into account the theory, the components, the environment, and sample requirements. It is noted that direct detection communications are the most desirable in the atmospheric and marine optical scatter channels.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":448154,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] NTC-92: National Telesystems Conference","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116460747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author considers the Gaussian multichannel binary detection problem in which the signal and nonwhite clutter noise are Gaussian vector processes with unknown statistics. A generalized likelihood ratio using multichannel innovation processes is implemented via a model-based approach where the signal and clutter are assumed to be characterized by autoregressive vector processes with arbitrary temporal and cross-channel correlation. The innovations processes are obtained through linear estimation using multichannel parameter estimates. Detection performance is considered as the estimates approach steady state with increasing data block sample sizes. Results for two-channel signal and clutter noise vectors containing various temporal and cross-channel correlation are obtained using a Monte Carlo procedure. In the transient state (estimation with limited data), the detection results are considered as a function of the data sample window sizes used in the parameter estimation procedure. Furthermore, it is noted that the detection performance in the transient state is related to that of the estimator, which in turn has its own dependence upon process correlation.<>
{"title":"Detection of partially correlated signals in clutter using a multichannel model-based approach","authors":"J. Michels","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1992.267882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1992.267882","url":null,"abstract":"The author considers the Gaussian multichannel binary detection problem in which the signal and nonwhite clutter noise are Gaussian vector processes with unknown statistics. A generalized likelihood ratio using multichannel innovation processes is implemented via a model-based approach where the signal and clutter are assumed to be characterized by autoregressive vector processes with arbitrary temporal and cross-channel correlation. The innovations processes are obtained through linear estimation using multichannel parameter estimates. Detection performance is considered as the estimates approach steady state with increasing data block sample sizes. Results for two-channel signal and clutter noise vectors containing various temporal and cross-channel correlation are obtained using a Monte Carlo procedure. In the transient state (estimation with limited data), the detection results are considered as a function of the data sample window sizes used in the parameter estimation procedure. Furthermore, it is noted that the detection performance in the transient state is related to that of the estimator, which in turn has its own dependence upon process correlation.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":448154,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] NTC-92: National Telesystems Conference","volume":"344 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132339632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using straightforward extensions of semiconductor fabrication processes, multilayer structures of electrooptic (EO) polymers can be fabricated in large-area formats with high device packing densities. Furthermore, polymer EO devices can be fabricated directly on electronic substrates and assembled with IC's to permit true integration of photonics and electronics in a single highly compact and efficient package. Those applications that require very high levels of integration, high bandwidths, and hybrid assembly of photonic and electronic devices are described. The current status of the technology is illustrated by integrated optic devices based on EO polymer materials, notably a waveguide electrical-to-optical transmitter with a CMOS level drive integrated with an optical waveguide channel. Highly integrated structures, in which electronic and photonic functions operate in close proximity, place severe requirements on all materials parameters, and particularly on the thermal stability of the EO state of the polymer material. The materials requirements that have been derived for such systems are reviewed. One approach to achieving materials with the required stability is described.<>
{"title":"Poled polymer integrated photonic interconnect networks for electronic systems","authors":"T. V. Van Eck, G. F. Lipscomb, R. Lytel","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1992.267904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1992.267904","url":null,"abstract":"Using straightforward extensions of semiconductor fabrication processes, multilayer structures of electrooptic (EO) polymers can be fabricated in large-area formats with high device packing densities. Furthermore, polymer EO devices can be fabricated directly on electronic substrates and assembled with IC's to permit true integration of photonics and electronics in a single highly compact and efficient package. Those applications that require very high levels of integration, high bandwidths, and hybrid assembly of photonic and electronic devices are described. The current status of the technology is illustrated by integrated optic devices based on EO polymer materials, notably a waveguide electrical-to-optical transmitter with a CMOS level drive integrated with an optical waveguide channel. Highly integrated structures, in which electronic and photonic functions operate in close proximity, place severe requirements on all materials parameters, and particularly on the thermal stability of the EO state of the polymer material. The materials requirements that have been derived for such systems are reviewed. One approach to achieving materials with the required stability is described.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":448154,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] NTC-92: National Telesystems Conference","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114718464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The strengths and weaknesses of ACT (acoustic charge transport) devices for communication-related signal processing applications are discussed. The main strength of ACT devices is in PTFs (programmable transversal filters), where they offer a high degree of flexibility in very small physical volumes and with lower power dissipation in comparison with competing technologies. The main limitation of ACT PTFs is their limited dynamic range. A radio receiver breadboard was designed to perform both time-domain and frequency-domain signal processing of arbitrary input waveforms. The performance of this breadboard was demonstrated and documented. This breadboard design was then incorporated into a complete radio receiving system design intended for application to LPI (low-probability-of-intercept) communications. The system design exploits the advantages of ACT devices while minimizing the impact of their limitations. The multimode ability of the receiver is used to advantage to perform an adaptive excision of narrowband interference which provides additive processing gain to the very substantial spread spectrum processing gain.<>
{"title":"The application of acoustic charge transport technologies to wideband communication systems","authors":"C. Ward, S.P. Reichart","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1992.267864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1992.267864","url":null,"abstract":"The strengths and weaknesses of ACT (acoustic charge transport) devices for communication-related signal processing applications are discussed. The main strength of ACT devices is in PTFs (programmable transversal filters), where they offer a high degree of flexibility in very small physical volumes and with lower power dissipation in comparison with competing technologies. The main limitation of ACT PTFs is their limited dynamic range. A radio receiver breadboard was designed to perform both time-domain and frequency-domain signal processing of arbitrary input waveforms. The performance of this breadboard was demonstrated and documented. This breadboard design was then incorporated into a complete radio receiving system design intended for application to LPI (low-probability-of-intercept) communications. The system design exploits the advantages of ACT devices while minimizing the impact of their limitations. The multimode ability of the receiver is used to advantage to perform an adaptive excision of narrowband interference which provides additive processing gain to the very substantial spread spectrum processing gain.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":448154,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] NTC-92: National Telesystems Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129589284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Work in sensor fusion for fully autonomous mobile robots that is expected to be useful for telesystems is discussed. Emphasis is placed on one product of this work, i.e. the sensor fusion effects (SFX) architecture, which can be extended into a control scheme for sensor fusion in telesystems. It can reduce the teleoperator's time in supervising the execution of a telerobot's sensing strategy and adapting that strategy to sensor malfunctions, changes in the environment, and other unanticipated sensing problems. It does this by autonomously monitoring the execution of the sensing strategy and looking for abnormalities. If an abnormality is detected, SFX initiates an exception handling process which tries to repair the sensing strategy autonomously. If that is not possible, the exception handling module gathers as much relevant information as possible and recommends a course of action for the operator. Experiments with sensor data collected from a Sony Hi8 color camcorder, a Pulnix black and white camera, an Inframetrics true infrared camera, Polaroid ultrasonic transducers, and a Hamamatsu ultraviolet light camera on a mobile robot show that SFX can autonomously monitor the execution of a sensing strategy and detect abnormalities.<>
{"title":"Action-oriented sensor fusion for telesystems","authors":"R. Murphy","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1992.267910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1992.267910","url":null,"abstract":"Work in sensor fusion for fully autonomous mobile robots that is expected to be useful for telesystems is discussed. Emphasis is placed on one product of this work, i.e. the sensor fusion effects (SFX) architecture, which can be extended into a control scheme for sensor fusion in telesystems. It can reduce the teleoperator's time in supervising the execution of a telerobot's sensing strategy and adapting that strategy to sensor malfunctions, changes in the environment, and other unanticipated sensing problems. It does this by autonomously monitoring the execution of the sensing strategy and looking for abnormalities. If an abnormality is detected, SFX initiates an exception handling process which tries to repair the sensing strategy autonomously. If that is not possible, the exception handling module gathers as much relevant information as possible and recommends a course of action for the operator. Experiments with sensor data collected from a Sony Hi8 color camcorder, a Pulnix black and white camera, an Inframetrics true infrared camera, Polaroid ultrasonic transducers, and a Hamamatsu ultraviolet light camera on a mobile robot show that SFX can autonomously monitor the execution of a sensing strategy and detect abnormalities.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":448154,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] NTC-92: National Telesystems Conference","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126326687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An overview of current interfaces is presented, with attention given to icons, menus, hypermedia and hyperobjects, video, audio, virtual reality and animation. A prediction of the interfaces at the end of the next decade is also presented. It is predicted that the next decade will see a continuance of the universal user interface but with computers that have the capability of adapting to the human that uses them.<>
{"title":"Human-computer interface for the 21st century","authors":"D. Freedman","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1992.267883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1992.267883","url":null,"abstract":"An overview of current interfaces is presented, with attention given to icons, menus, hypermedia and hyperobjects, video, audio, virtual reality and animation. A prediction of the interfaces at the end of the next decade is also presented. It is predicted that the next decade will see a continuance of the universal user interface but with computers that have the capability of adapting to the human that uses them.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":448154,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] NTC-92: National Telesystems Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131253902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Kaplan, J. Freedman, D. Wampler, A. Musliner, C. Ruseau
The Communications Link Analysis and Simulation System (CLASS) project team of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Network Division, Code 530, has developed the CLASS interference analysis system (IAS) to support satellite communications scheduling by NASA's Network Control Center, IAS is designed to analyze communications problems arising from two or more spacecraft communicating with the same tracking and data relay satellite (TDRS) simultaneously. This system is currently composed of two major components: the CLASS automated conflict resolution system (ACRS) and the CLASS interference monitor (IM). ACRS is designed to be used in a mission-current manner, producing through interference estimates for any and all currently operating TDRS users. The IM is employed as a long-term interference predictor, taking planned spacecraft and producing broad-based statistical results concerning the resulting communications interference with and/or by other planned or existing spacecraft. Together, these two packages form a comprehensive tool for accurately analyzing potential interuser communications interference between concurrently operating space missions.<>
{"title":"CLASS interference analysis system","authors":"T. Kaplan, J. Freedman, D. Wampler, A. Musliner, C. Ruseau","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1992.267903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1992.267903","url":null,"abstract":"The Communications Link Analysis and Simulation System (CLASS) project team of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Network Division, Code 530, has developed the CLASS interference analysis system (IAS) to support satellite communications scheduling by NASA's Network Control Center, IAS is designed to analyze communications problems arising from two or more spacecraft communicating with the same tracking and data relay satellite (TDRS) simultaneously. This system is currently composed of two major components: the CLASS automated conflict resolution system (ACRS) and the CLASS interference monitor (IM). ACRS is designed to be used in a mission-current manner, producing through interference estimates for any and all currently operating TDRS users. The IM is employed as a long-term interference predictor, taking planned spacecraft and producing broad-based statistical results concerning the resulting communications interference with and/or by other planned or existing spacecraft. Together, these two packages form a comprehensive tool for accurately analyzing potential interuser communications interference between concurrently operating space missions.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":448154,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] NTC-92: National Telesystems Conference","volume":"307 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131718012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An optimal feature classification scheme is developed for multilook polarimetric SAR (synthetic aperture radar) imagery based on a multivariate complex Wishart distribution. The purpose is to identify various ground covers, such as forest, vegetation, city block, ocean, and sea ice type. Multilook polarimetric SAR data can be represented either in Stoke's matrix form or in complex covariance matrix form. The latter has a complex Wishart distribution. A simple but effective classifier is then developed using the complete information of the complex covariance. This algorithm is further extended to classification using multifrequency polarimetric data. A procedure for assessing the classification errors is also developed using a Monte Carlo simulation. The effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated with NASA/JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) P-, L-, and C-band polarimetric SAR data.<>
{"title":"Classification of multi-look polarimetric SAR data based on complex Wishart distribution","authors":"J. Lee, M. Grunes","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1992.267879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1992.267879","url":null,"abstract":"An optimal feature classification scheme is developed for multilook polarimetric SAR (synthetic aperture radar) imagery based on a multivariate complex Wishart distribution. The purpose is to identify various ground covers, such as forest, vegetation, city block, ocean, and sea ice type. Multilook polarimetric SAR data can be represented either in Stoke's matrix form or in complex covariance matrix form. The latter has a complex Wishart distribution. A simple but effective classifier is then developed using the complete information of the complex covariance. This algorithm is further extended to classification using multifrequency polarimetric data. A procedure for assessing the classification errors is also developed using a Monte Carlo simulation. The effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated with NASA/JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) P-, L-, and C-band polarimetric SAR data.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":448154,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] NTC-92: National Telesystems Conference","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121195509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An eigenstructure-based, doubly adaptive array processing algorithm is described. This algorithm was designed to resolve the differential time of arrival between a direct signal and a delayed replica that arrives via a different ray path. Simulations, using theoretical responses of a circular eight-element dipole array, demonstrates the characteristics of this doubly adaptive technique. Experiments have demonstrated robust differential time delay resolution of HF signals propagated to an array by two paths, a surface wave path and a skywave path. Differential time delays of approximately 1.9 milliseconds were observed for both pulse and phase modulated RF signals.<>
{"title":"Radio location through high resolution eigenstructure processing techniques that yield accurate multipath AOA and differential time delay estimates","authors":"K. Struckman","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1992.267892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1992.267892","url":null,"abstract":"An eigenstructure-based, doubly adaptive array processing algorithm is described. This algorithm was designed to resolve the differential time of arrival between a direct signal and a delayed replica that arrives via a different ray path. Simulations, using theoretical responses of a circular eight-element dipole array, demonstrates the characteristics of this doubly adaptive technique. Experiments have demonstrated robust differential time delay resolution of HF signals propagated to an array by two paths, a surface wave path and a skywave path. Differential time delays of approximately 1.9 milliseconds were observed for both pulse and phase modulated RF signals.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":448154,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] NTC-92: National Telesystems Conference","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128789818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors extend DFT (discrete Fourier transform) processing of phased arrays operating in sequential mode to primely spaced arrays. Advantages include: one can use elements of different sizes to improve the gain; the information sequence is smaller and needs less memory storage; lower sidelobe levels are achieved without the need of tapering hardware; and fewer elements can be used without degrading the array pattern. Examples validate and demonstrate the technique. The approach is demonstrated for both linear and rectangular arrays.<>
{"title":"DFT processing of phased arrays operating in sequential mode with prime element spacing","authors":"B. Mahafza, V. Gracchi","doi":"10.1109/NTC.1992.267897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NTC.1992.267897","url":null,"abstract":"The authors extend DFT (discrete Fourier transform) processing of phased arrays operating in sequential mode to primely spaced arrays. Advantages include: one can use elements of different sizes to improve the gain; the information sequence is smaller and needs less memory storage; lower sidelobe levels are achieved without the need of tapering hardware; and fewer elements can be used without degrading the array pattern. Examples validate and demonstrate the technique. The approach is demonstrated for both linear and rectangular arrays.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":448154,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] NTC-92: National Telesystems Conference","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125561551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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