Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0390.2019.12207.X
P. Sinclair
In 1987 archaeologists from nine African countries and colleagues from Sweden began a co-operation programme to study urbanism in eastern and southern Africa under the auspices of The Urban Origins ...
{"title":"TOWARDS AN UNDERSTANDING OF SPATIO‐TEMPORAL DYNAMICS AT GREAT ZIMBABWE: CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE URBAN ORIGINS IN EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA PROGRAMME","authors":"P. Sinclair","doi":"10.1111/J.1600-0390.2019.12207.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0390.2019.12207.X","url":null,"abstract":"In 1987 archaeologists from nine African countries and colleagues from Sweden began a co-operation programme to study urbanism in eastern and southern Africa under the auspices of The Urban Origins ...","PeriodicalId":44857,"journal":{"name":"ACTA ARCHAEOLOGICA","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1600-0390.2019.12207.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43770027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0390.2019.12205.X
K. Niknami, Mohammad Amin Mirghaderi
{"title":"FARMERS, HERDERS OR TRADESMEN? ANALYSING SETTLEMENT PATTERNS OF THE MIDDLE AND LATE BRONZE AGE ON THE SARFIROUZABAD PLAIN, KERMANSHAH, WESTERN IRAN","authors":"K. Niknami, Mohammad Amin Mirghaderi","doi":"10.1111/J.1600-0390.2019.12205.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0390.2019.12205.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44857,"journal":{"name":"ACTA ARCHAEOLOGICA","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1600-0390.2019.12205.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49385573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0390.2019.12203.X
S. E. Fretheim
{"title":"DISCOVERING DWELLINGS: A STUDY OF LATE MESOLITHIC DWELLING PRACTICES, CONTEXTS AND ATTRIBUTES BASED ON EVIDENCE FROM CENTRAL NORWAY","authors":"S. E. Fretheim","doi":"10.1111/J.1600-0390.2019.12203.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0390.2019.12203.X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44857,"journal":{"name":"ACTA ARCHAEOLOGICA","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1600-0390.2019.12203.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41571787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-22DOI: 10.1163/16000390-09001003
S. E. Fretheim
This article is based on a study of site formation processes of dwellings, site contexts, and terms relating to dwelling types and attributes. Archaeological evidence discovered during the Ormen Lange project and dated to the Late Mesolithic provides the backdrop for discussion. The project was conducted by the NTNU University Museum in 2003-2004 on the Island of Gossen in Central Norway. Remains of at least 14 dwellings and a large number of dwelling-related features dated to between 6000 and 4000 cal BC were recorded. Based on analyses of several dwelling attributes, the Ormen Lange dwellings are divided into 1) houses for long term or regularly repeated stays (for double and single family units); 2) houses for repeated short-time stays (for task groups); 3) non-permanent dwellings for short time occupation and 4) special-purpose, non-residential shelters.
{"title":"Discovering Dwellings","authors":"S. E. Fretheim","doi":"10.1163/16000390-09001003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/16000390-09001003","url":null,"abstract":"This article is based on a study of site formation processes of dwellings, site contexts, and terms relating to dwelling types and attributes. Archaeological evidence discovered during the Ormen Lange project and dated to the Late Mesolithic provides the backdrop for discussion. The project was conducted by the NTNU University Museum in 2003-2004 on the Island of Gossen in Central Norway. Remains of at least 14 dwellings and a large number of dwelling-related features dated to between 6000 and 4000 cal BC were recorded. Based on analyses of several dwelling attributes, the Ormen Lange dwellings are divided into 1) houses for long term or regularly repeated stays (for double and single family units); 2) houses for repeated short-time stays (for task groups); 3) non-permanent dwellings for short time occupation and 4) special-purpose, non-residential shelters.","PeriodicalId":44857,"journal":{"name":"ACTA ARCHAEOLOGICA","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44030122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-22DOI: 10.1163/16000390-09001004
H. Meller
The Circum-Harz group of the Central German Únětice Culture (2200-1600 BC) was a highly stratified society, which arose from the merging of the Corded Ware and Bell Beaker Cultures. This process was advanced by princes who established their legitimacy as rulers on symbolic references to both cultures as well as on newly created traditions and historical references. Their power was based on armed troops, which appear to have been accommodated in large houses or longhouses. The hierarchical structure of the troops can be determined by both their distinctive weapons and the colours thereof. The prince of the Dieskau territory commanded the largest army and occupied a dominant position, expressed through the large Bornhöck burial mound and by the gold find of Dieskau, which itself most likely originated in the Bornhöck barrow. The article concludes with a discussion whether the Dieskau ruler was an actual head of a genuine state, according to the criteria put forth by Max Weber and Stefan Breuer. There is some indication that these criteria of statehood were fulfilled by the period associated with the Nebra Sky Disk at the latest, since this disk allowed the prince to act as ‘a representative of the gods before the community’ (Breuer 1998, 39).
{"title":"Princes, Armies, Sanctuaries","authors":"H. Meller","doi":"10.1163/16000390-09001004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/16000390-09001004","url":null,"abstract":"The Circum-Harz group of the Central German Únětice Culture (2200-1600 BC) was a highly stratified society, which arose from the merging of the Corded Ware and Bell Beaker Cultures. This process was advanced by princes who established their legitimacy as rulers on symbolic references to both cultures as well as on newly created traditions and historical references. Their power was based on armed troops, which appear to have been accommodated in large houses or longhouses. The hierarchical structure of the troops can be determined by both their distinctive weapons and the colours thereof. The prince of the Dieskau territory commanded the largest army and occupied a dominant position, expressed through the large Bornhöck burial mound and by the gold find of Dieskau, which itself most likely originated in the Bornhöck barrow. The article concludes with a discussion whether the Dieskau ruler was an actual head of a genuine state, according to the criteria put forth by Max Weber and Stefan Breuer. There is some indication that these criteria of statehood were fulfilled by the period associated with the Nebra Sky Disk at the latest, since this disk allowed the prince to act as ‘a representative of the gods before the community’ (Breuer 1998, 39).","PeriodicalId":44857,"journal":{"name":"ACTA ARCHAEOLOGICA","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44132143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-22DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0390.2019.12202.X
S. Jinsong
The Chinese Bronze Age culture from the 19th to the 1st century BC can be divided into four zones: the Central Plain in the middle and the lower Yellow River region; the Northern zone along the Great Wall; the Southern zone, south to the middle and the lower Yangzi River; the Southwestern zone covering the upper Yangzi River. In each zone, bronzes are not only different in types and styles but also function differently responding to the processes of the early state formation and social development. More precisely, in the first zone, there are mainly ritual bronzes, serving as symbols of the social and political hierarchy. In the second zone, there are mainly utilitarian items such as weapons, tools, bronzes of everyday use, ornaments, as well as horse-chariot fittings. Bronze musical instruments characterise the third zone. And bronzes of the fourth zone are realistic or symbolic in style, depicting scenes of social life. Though having different cultural origins and characteristics, the four zones communicate with and influence each other continuously, creating a dynamic cultural landscape of the Chinese Bronze Age.
{"title":"THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE OF THE CHINESE BRONZE AGE","authors":"S. Jinsong","doi":"10.1111/J.1600-0390.2019.12202.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0390.2019.12202.X","url":null,"abstract":"The Chinese Bronze Age culture from the 19th to the 1st century BC can be divided into four zones: the Central Plain in the middle and the lower Yellow River region; the Northern zone along the Great Wall; the Southern zone, south to the middle and the lower Yangzi River; the Southwestern zone covering the upper Yangzi River. In each zone, bronzes are not only different in types and styles but also function differently responding to the processes of the early state formation and social development. More precisely, in the first zone, there are mainly ritual bronzes, serving as symbols of the social and political hierarchy. In the second zone, there are mainly utilitarian items such as weapons, tools, bronzes of everyday use, ornaments, as well as horse-chariot fittings. Bronze musical instruments characterise the third zone. And bronzes of the fourth zone are realistic or symbolic in style, depicting scenes of social life. Though having different cultural origins and characteristics, the four zones communicate with and influence each other continuously, creating a dynamic cultural landscape of the Chinese Bronze Age.","PeriodicalId":44857,"journal":{"name":"ACTA ARCHAEOLOGICA","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1600-0390.2019.12202.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41322579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-22DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0390.2019.12208.X
R. Hodges
In the early to mid-1990s in a pre-GIS era, Klavs Randsborg with a team from the University of Copenhagen directed a wide-ranging survey of the Ionian (Greek) island of Kephallénia. Randsborg punctiliously published the multi-period sites he discovered, and analysed the results, paying special attention to the island’s archaic Greek sites but also later medieval afterlife of certain of these sites, including the castles re-occupying Paleókastro (Sami) and Pronnoi (2002). Since the Kephallénia survey was made, new research in the early 2000s on castles and Byzantine urbanism in the western Balkans has significantly expanded the base of knowledge. With this new evidence, it is now possible to provide new interpretations of the Paleókastro, Sami and Paleókastro, Pronnoi castles that in turn shed new light on the management of Kephallénia in the Mid-Byzantine period.
{"title":"RE‐THINKING TWO MID‐BYZANTINE CASTLES ON KEPHALLÉNIA","authors":"R. Hodges","doi":"10.1111/J.1600-0390.2019.12208.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0390.2019.12208.X","url":null,"abstract":"In the early to mid-1990s in a pre-GIS era, Klavs Randsborg with a team from the University of Copenhagen directed a wide-ranging survey of the Ionian (Greek) island of Kephallénia. Randsborg punctiliously published the multi-period sites he discovered, and analysed the results, paying special attention to the island’s archaic Greek sites but also later medieval afterlife of certain of these sites, including the castles re-occupying Paleókastro (Sami) and Pronnoi (2002). Since the Kephallénia survey was made, new research in the early 2000s on castles and Byzantine urbanism in the western Balkans has significantly expanded the base of knowledge. With this new evidence, it is now possible to provide new interpretations of the Paleókastro, Sami and Paleókastro, Pronnoi castles that in turn shed new light on the management of Kephallénia in the Mid-Byzantine period.","PeriodicalId":44857,"journal":{"name":"ACTA ARCHAEOLOGICA","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1600-0390.2019.12208.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47224036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-22DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0390.2019.12204.X
I. Schjellerup
Starting from around AD 800, the Chachapoya developed their own culture with monumental architecture. It came to an end in 1470 after the conquest by the Incas. At that time, a different architecture was introduced in the region followed by changes in the landscape. The article summarises the available evidence on architectural and archaeological remains dated to the period following the Inca conquest.
{"title":"1470 INCA EXPANSION INTO THE LAND OF THE CHACHAPOYA: ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN THE CLOUD FOREST ON THE EASTERN SLOPES OF THE ANDES MOUNTAINS IN PERU","authors":"I. Schjellerup","doi":"10.1111/J.1600-0390.2019.12204.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1600-0390.2019.12204.X","url":null,"abstract":"Starting from around AD 800, the Chachapoya developed their own culture with monumental architecture. It came to an end in 1470 after the conquest by the Incas. At that time, a different architecture was introduced in the region followed by changes in the landscape. The article summarises the available evidence on architectural and archaeological remains dated to the period following the Inca conquest.","PeriodicalId":44857,"journal":{"name":"ACTA ARCHAEOLOGICA","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1600-0390.2019.12204.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46697800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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