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2012 IEEE 16th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference最新文献

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A Model-Driven Approach to Situations: Situation Modeling and Rule-Based Situation Detection 情境的模型驱动方法:情境建模和基于规则的情境检测
P. D. Costa, Izon Thomaz Mielke, I. Pereira, J. P. Almeida
This paper presents a model-driven approach to the specification of situations and situation detection. We offer two main contributions: (i) a Situation Modeling Language (SML), which is a graphical language for situation modeling, and (ii) an approach to situation detection based on the transformation of a SML model into a set of rules to be executed on a rule-based platform. We exemplify our situation-based development approach with an application scenario in the domain of (mobile) banking, in which situations for detecting fraud-susceptible behavior are defined in SML. Based on the SML models, we discuss the rules that can be deployed on Drools for situation detection. The approach supports situation types defined in terms of patterns of facts, as well as complex situations in terms of reusable situation types, both at the specification level and realization level.
本文提出了一种模型驱动的情景描述和情景检测方法。我们提供了两个主要贡献:(i)情景建模语言(SML),这是一种用于情景建模的图形语言,以及(ii)基于将SML模型转换为一组规则并在基于规则的平台上执行的情况检测方法。我们用(移动)银行领域的一个应用场景来举例我们基于情境的开发方法,在这个场景中,检测易受欺诈行为的情境是用SML定义的。基于SML模型,我们讨论了可以部署在Drools上用于情况检测的规则。该方法在规范级别和实现级别支持根据事实模式定义的情况类型,以及根据可重用情况类型定义的复杂情况。
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引用次数: 20
Decision as a Service: Separating Decision-making from Application Process Logic 决策即服务:将决策与应用程序流程逻辑分离
A. Zarghami, B. Sapkota, M. Eslami, M. V. Sinderen
In a service-oriented architecture, adaptive and evolvable applications should be able to select, configure and compose different existing application services to deal with the changes which can arise from runtime contextual changes or the change of user requirements and preferences. To support this, hybrid service composition approaches have been proposed, in which the core of application logic, which is rather stable, is specified in terms of processes while rules are employed to specify the conditions and constraints to adapt the application behaviour. The rules are then exposed as a decision service which can be employed by the process to make adaptation decision with respect to runtime circumstances. The interaction between processes and decision services are generally performed in synchronous request-response manner. We argue that such an interaction is not efficient to support different types of adaptation at runtime and therefore asynchronous interaction should also be supported. In this paper, we present an adaptive service provisioning architecture and a decision service template allowing both synchronous request-response interaction and asynchronous notification. To motivate the proposed architecture and the decision service template, we use a blood pressure monitoring scenario from the homecare domain. We also explain the implementation of the proposed approach based on commercially available rule and process engines. Finally, we discuss: 1) what is the efficient way (synchronous request-response interaction vs. asynchronous notification) of calling decision service to execute different types of decision rules? and 2) to what extent the use of decision service facilitates dealing with the unforeseen changes?
在面向服务的体系结构中,自适应和可发展的应用程序应该能够选择、配置和组合不同的现有应用程序服务,以处理可能由运行时上下文更改或用户需求和首选项更改引起的更改。为了支持这一点,已经提出了混合服务组合方法,其中应用程序逻辑的核心(相当稳定)按照流程指定,同时使用规则来指定适应应用程序行为的条件和约束。然后将规则公开为决策服务,流程可以使用该服务根据运行时环境做出适应性决策。流程和决策服务之间的交互通常以同步请求-响应方式执行。我们认为这样的交互在运行时支持不同类型的适应效率不高,因此也应该支持异步交互。在本文中,我们提出了一个自适应服务供应体系结构和一个决策服务模板,该模板允许同步请求-响应交互和异步通知。为了激励所提出的体系结构和决策服务模板,我们使用了来自家庭护理领域的血压监测场景。我们还解释了基于商业上可用的规则和流程引擎的建议方法的实现。最后,我们讨论:1)调用决策服务来执行不同类型的决策规则的有效方法(同步请求-响应交互vs.异步通知)是什么?2)决策服务的使用在多大程度上有助于处理不可预见的变化?
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引用次数: 26
Inter-enterprise Business Transaction Management in Open Service Ecosystems 开放服务生态系统中的企业间业务事务管理
L. Kutvonen, A. Norta, Sini Ruohomaa
One of the difficult challenges in inter-enterprise computing is aligning business transactions and technical management of distributed transactions, especially in breach situations. We propose and analyse a two-level business transaction management framework that allows injection of business level concerns to the control processes of inter-enterprise transactions. The two levels are associated with a) the metamodel of the collaboration, captured in eContract governing the collaboration, and b) the transactional interactions between collaboration member services. The two levels are bound together to form a reflective model, while business level breaches to the eContract can disturb the normal interactions, the metalevel possesses processes for managing (rolling back, compensating, ignoring, triggering ecosystem-level consequences) the failure in manners that align with the business incentives. This framework enables correctness, coherence and efficiency of processing in open inter-enterprise environments, i.e., service ecosystems.
企业间计算的困难挑战之一是协调业务事务和分布式事务的技术管理,特别是在违规情况下。我们提出并分析了一个两级业务事务管理框架,该框架允许将业务级关注点注入到企业间事务的控制过程中。这两个级别与a)协作的元模型(在管理协作的契约中捕获)和b)协作成员服务之间的事务性交互相关联。这两个层次被绑定在一起,形成一个反射模型,而业务层对契约的破坏会干扰正常的交互,金属层拥有管理过程(回滚、补偿、忽略、触发生态系统级后果),以与业务激励相一致的方式失败。该框架支持在开放的企业间环境(即服务生态系统)中处理的正确性、一致性和效率。
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引用次数: 22
Emulating Runtime Workflow Adaptation and Aspect Weaving by Recursive Rule-Based Sub-Process Selection - A Model Transformation Approach 基于递归规则的子流程选择模拟运行时工作流自适应和方面编织——一种模型转换方法
Markus Döhring, Axel Schulz, Ivan Galkin
Most modern contributions for flexible workflow management propose proprietary solutions or extensions of standard workflow execution engines to enable the required runtime control-flow deviations. This fact results from the widespread viewpoint that for the realization of deviations, manipulations should be performed directly on the concerned workflow model or instance. It is neglected that most contemporary workflow management systems already contain a very strong concept for runtime deviations, namely sub-processes which can be replaced with new versions at any time. In this paper, we show that execution flexibility concepts like variant construction, aspect orientation and runtime adaptation can be emulated by regular workflow models. For this purpose, we propose a generic automated design-time model transformation technique which extracts variant workflow parts to sub-processes, makes use of "adaptation processes" following a specific pattern syntax and generates a selector structure performing recursive sub-process calls supported by a rule engine. Its main benefit consists in a general reduction of implementation efforts for flexible workflow engines. For evaluation purposes, a reference implementation of our model transformation approach was realized in SAP Net Weaver BPM/BRM and produces fully BPMN2 compliant executable artifacts together with a rule set, which is used as the main interface for the specification of frequently changing process deviations.
大多数针对灵活工作流管理的现代贡献都提出了专有的解决方案或标准工作流执行引擎的扩展,以支持所需的运行时控制流偏差。这一事实源于一种普遍的观点,即为了实现偏差,操作应该直接在相关的工作流模型或实例上执行。大多数现代工作流管理系统已经包含了一个非常强大的运行时偏差的概念,即可以在任何时候用新版本替换的子过程。在本文中,我们证明了执行灵活性的概念,如变体构造、面向方面和运行时适应可以通过常规工作流模型来模拟。为此,我们提出了一种通用的自动化设计时模型转换技术,该技术将不同的工作流部分提取到子过程中,利用遵循特定模式语法的“适应过程”,并生成一个选择器结构,执行由规则引擎支持的递归子过程调用。它的主要好处在于减少了灵活工作流引擎的实现工作量。出于评估目的,我们的模型转换方法的参考实现在SAP Net Weaver BPM/BRM中实现,并生成完全符合BPMN2的可执行工件以及规则集,该规则集用作频繁更改流程偏差规范的主界面。
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引用次数: 4
Towards an Integrated IT Governance and IT Management Framework 迈向整合资讯科技治理及管理架构
R. Pereira, M. Silva
ITG has been recognized as a CIO top-10 issue for more than five years and has risen in priority between 2007 and 2009. Several Frameworks exist to help organizations in ITG implementation but lack scientific viewpoint, are complex, and also overlap each other. In this paper we make a literature review to leverage the ITG Contingency factors, ITG general guidelines and main ITG and ITM areas in order to provide a scientific viewpoint validation. Such artefacts are used to build an integrated ITG and ITM framework. We also evaluate our artefacts with expert's interviews in order to provide practitioner viewpoint validation. Finally, we conclude our research with main contributions and future work.
ITG已经连续五年被公认为首席信息官的十大问题之一,并且在2007年至2009年期间的优先级有所上升。现有的一些框架可以帮助组织实现ITG,但缺乏科学的观点,结构复杂,并且相互重叠。本文对ITG的偶然性因素、ITG的一般指南以及ITG和ITM的主要领域进行了文献综述,以提供科学的观点验证。这些工件用于构建集成的ITG和ITM框架。我们也评估我们的人工制品与专家的访谈,以提供从业者的观点验证。最后,对本文的研究工作进行了总结,并对今后的工作进行了展望。
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引用次数: 26
When Social Media Meet the Enterprise 当社交媒体与企业相遇
S. Graupner, C. Bartolini, H. M. Nezhad, Daniil Mirylenka
Social media have become a global phenomenon affecting people in their private lives and in their personal interactions, particularly among younger people. It is thus not surprising that social media are also being explored in professional contexts such as in enterprises, where a number of social media platforms and social extensions to existing workgroup and collaboration systems have been emerging. In this paper, we consider one such platform that was developed for the internal use in a large global enterprise (HP). We present data and analysis of how this social media platform has been used in HP over the past five years. We then present conclusions from this analysis and relate them to work patterns in enterprises with the goal of advancing social media to the next level making them better fit the work context and more relevant for people in their work functions. We consider enterprise sales processes as a case study and present a number of extensions for our social media platform.
社交媒体已经成为一种全球现象,影响着人们的私人生活和人际交往,尤其是在年轻人中。因此,在企业等专业环境中探索社交媒体也就不足为奇了,在企业中,许多社交媒体平台和对现有工作组和协作系统的社交扩展已经出现。在本文中,我们考虑了一个这样的平台,它是为一家大型全球企业(HP)的内部使用而开发的。在过去的五年里,我们展示了这个社交媒体平台是如何在惠普使用的数据和分析。然后,我们从这一分析中得出结论,并将它们与企业的工作模式联系起来,目标是将社交媒体提升到一个新的水平,使其更好地适应工作环境,并与人们的工作职能更相关。我们将企业销售流程作为案例研究,并为我们的社交媒体平台提供了一些扩展。
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引用次数: 7
Efficient QoS-based Service Selection with Consideration of User Requirements 考虑用户需求的基于qos的高效服务选择
Anita Mohebi, Chen Ding, Chi-Hung Chi
Many QoS-based service selection algorithms are complex and time-consuming, and sometimes require a lot of manual efforts from users. As a result, users' real-time searching experiences may not be good when there are many candidate services, because it could be very slow to calculate the ranking scores of services. In this paper, we want to improve the efficiency of the selection process by using a simple vector space model. We also consider the actual QoS requirements from users in the ranking process, which is missing in many current systems. Our experiment results show a big improvement on the system efficiency without losing much on the accuracy when compared with a well-known algorithm -- skyline computation.
许多基于qos的服务选择算法复杂且耗时,有时需要用户进行大量的手工操作。因此,当有许多候选服务时,用户的实时搜索体验可能不是很好,因为计算服务的排名分数可能非常慢。在本文中,我们希望通过使用一个简单的向量空间模型来提高选择过程的效率。我们还在排序过程中考虑了用户的实际QoS需求,这在当前的许多系统中是缺失的。我们的实验结果表明,与著名的天际线计算算法相比,系统效率有了很大的提高,而精度却没有很大的下降。
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引用次数: 5
Complicated Logistics Network Redesign Considering Service Differentiation 考虑服务差异化的复杂物流网络再设计
Lina Zhou, Xiaofei Xu, S. Deng, Xudong Liu
Logistics network design is a strategic issue for nearly all companies. In the past, a logistics network once established was used for several periods. However, recent years have seen a rapidly changing economic environment. Trends in markets, shifts of customer clusters, changes of cost structures, and increasing competition are some of the aspects compelling companies to periodically redesign their logistics networks. In this paper, a complicated logistics network redesign problem is studied. To ensure the service levels of the important customers and products, weighting factors are employed, and a new service level measurement based on differentiation is proposed. Then a multi-objective model is formulated to redesign the complicated logistics network, and the NSGAII based solution procedure with determinant-code encoding structure is developed to achieve the Pareto solutions. The applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated with the help of a real world case study from a Chinese automobile enterprise.
物流网络设计是几乎所有企业的战略问题。在过去,一个物流网络一旦建立,就会被使用几个时期。然而,近年来经济环境发生了迅速变化。市场趋势、客户集群的变化、成本结构的变化和日益激烈的竞争是迫使公司定期重新设计其物流网络的一些方面。本文研究了一个复杂物流网络的再设计问题。为了保证重要客户和产品的服务水平,采用加权因子,提出了一种新的基于差异化的服务水平度量方法。然后建立多目标模型对复杂物流网络进行再设计,并开发了基于确定性编码结构的NSGAII求解程序来实现Pareto解。通过对中国某汽车企业的实际案例研究,验证了该方法的适用性。
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引用次数: 1
Compositional QoS Modeling and Analysis of Cloud-based Federated Ecosystems 基于云的联邦生态系统的组合QoS建模与分析
Guijun Wang, Haiqin Wang, S. Arroyo, Robert Rencher, James P. Tjelle
In this paper, we present an approach to modeling and analyzing the quality of service (QoS) characteristics of compositional cloud services in a federated ecosystem. Our approach first synthesizes service compositions of federated services into a small number of primitive models, basic elements and associative characteristics as common patterns, each of which has an analytical model of its QoS characteristics. A cloud-based federated system is defined through recursive composition of the primitive models and thus can be modeled and analyzed through a decomposition and aggregation process based on the QoS characteristics of primitive models. The main objective of our approach is to support the design of cloud-based federated ecosystems and the management of service level agreements for business applications in such systems. We examine cases and conditions within which a composite model's QoS characteristics have analytical solutions as a composition of the QoS characteristics of primitive models and those that may not have an analytical solution and therefore simulation-based solutions are required. Test results are discussed for comparison of analytical and simulation approaches.
本文提出了一种建模和分析联邦生态系统中组合云服务的服务质量(QoS)特征的方法。我们的方法首先将联邦服务的服务组合综合为少量的基本模型、基本元素和关联特征作为公共模式,每个模型都有其QoS特征的分析模型。基于云的联邦系统是通过对原语模型的递归组合来定义的,因此可以通过基于原语模型的QoS特征的分解和聚合过程来建模和分析。我们的方法的主要目标是支持基于云的联邦生态系统的设计,以及此类系统中业务应用程序的服务水平协议的管理。我们研究了一些情况和条件,在这些情况和条件下,组合模型的QoS特征具有解析解,作为原始模型的QoS特征的组合,而那些可能没有解析解,因此需要基于仿真的解决方案。对试验结果进行了讨论,对分析方法和仿真方法进行了比较。
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引用次数: 6
Ontology Transformations 本体的转换
L. Wouters, M. Gervais
This paper deals with the problem, coming from an industrial context, of ontology transformations. EADS, as a major aircraft manufacturer faces the problem of integrating works of experts from different domains using different notations. Addressing this Domain-Specific Language (DSL) problem, we previously developed a solution based on OWL2 ontologies for the integration of multiple domains at the abstract syntax level. Our next step is then the production of visual concrete syntaxes from this abstract syntax, for each domain. Considering this problem as a transformation issue, we raise the challenge of ontology transformations. We provide an OWL2-based rule language for the expression of such transformations. Validating this approach, our rule language has been implemented in a rule and transformation engine and tested on applications coming from the industry.
本文讨论了一个工业背景下的本体转换问题。EADS作为一家大型飞机制造商,面临着如何使用不同的符号来整合不同领域专家的工作成果的问题。为了解决这个领域特定语言(DSL)问题,我们之前开发了一个基于OWL2本体的解决方案,用于在抽象语法级别集成多个领域。我们的下一步是从这个抽象语法为每个领域生成可视的具体语法。将此问题视为转换问题,提出了本体转换的挑战。我们为这种转换的表达提供了一种基于owl2的规则语言。为了验证这种方法,我们的规则语言已经在规则和转换引擎中实现,并在来自业界的应用程序上进行了测试。
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引用次数: 8
期刊
2012 IEEE 16th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference
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